Name: Chm.3.1 & Chm.3.2 Review Understand the factors affecting rate of reaction and chemical equilibrium. Key Topics: Reaction Rates (Unit 4) Equilibrium (Unit 4 & Unit 10) Le Chatelier s Principle (Unit 4) Understand solutions and the solution process. Key Topics: ph & poh (Unit 10) Properties of Acids & Bases (Unit 10) Molarity, Dilutions, and Titrations (Unit 10) Properties of Solutions (Unit 1 & Unit 10) Solubility Diagrams (Unit 1 & Unit 10) Solution Process (Unit 10) 1) Define the following terms: a) Surface area - b) Catalyst - c) Concentration - d) Pressure - e) Equilibrium - f) Activation energy - 2) The more effective collisions that occur, the the reaction will go. 3) What are the 3 factors that affect the number of collisions? 4) How does increasing the surface area increase the number of collisions?
5) What effect does a catalyst have on the rate of the reaction? Name: 6) What is the difference between equal rates and equal concentrations? 7) What occurs when a reaction reaches equilibrium? 8) Consider the following equilibrium system in a closed container: Ni(s) + 4 CO(g) Ni(CO) 4 (g) ΔH = - 161 kj In which direction will the equilibrium shift in response to each change, and what will be the effect on the indicated quantity? Change Direction of Shift (left, right, or no change) Effect on Quantity Effect (increase, decrease, or no change) (a) add Ni(s) Ni(CO) 4 (g) (b) raise temperature K (c) add CO(g) amount of Ni(s) (d) remove Ni(CO) 4 (g) CO(g) (e) decrease in volume Ni(CO) 4 (g) (f) lower temperature CO(g) (g) remove CO(g) K 9) Identify the following as a property of an acid, a base, or both. a) H2SO4 b) Ca(OH)2 c) HC2H3O2 d) NaOH e) NH3 f) HBr g) Conducts electricity. h) Tastes sour. i) Turns litmus paper blue. j) Has a ph greater than 7. k) Turns phenolphthalein pink. l) Has a ph less than 7. m) Feels slippery. n) Reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas.
10) List the strong acids. Name: 11) Why are strong acids and bases considered strong? 12) Which indicator(s) would be red in a solution that has a ph of 3.0? 13) Which indicator(s) would be best for identifying a basic solution? 14) Which indicator would be red at a ph of 2.0 and yellow at a ph of 4.0? 15) Calculate the ph for the following: a) poh = 11.20 b) [OH - ] = 1x10-3 M c) [H + ] = 1x10-5 M d) Which of these are acidic? 16) Calculate the poh for the following: a) ph = 1.60 b) [OH - ] = 1x10-5 M c) [H + ] = 1x10-10 M d) Which of these are acidic? 17) Calculate [H + ] for the following: a) ph = 9.0 b) poh = 8.0 c) [OH - ] = 1x10-10 M d) Which of these are basic? 18) Calculate the [OH-] for the following: a) ph = 5.0 b) poh = 6.0 c) [H + ] = 1x10-6 M d) Which of these are acidic? 19) Calculate the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 5.60 mol of HCl in 4.5 L of solution. 20) Calculate the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 45.0 g of lithium carbonate in 300.0 ml of solution.
Name: 21) What volume of 6.70 M sulfuric acid is needed to make 500.0 ml of 3.0 M sulfuric acid solution? 22) What is the concentration of sodium hydroxide, if 34.50 ml of 3.0 M hydrochloric acid was needed to neutralize 35.0 ml of sodium hydroxide? 23) Provide an example of the following types of solutions: a) Solid-solid c) Liquid-liquid b) Solid-liquid d) Gas-liquid 24) Define the following terms: a) Homogeneous - b) Heterogeneous - c) Electrolyte - d) Nonelectrolyte - e) Solute - f) Solvent - g) Solution - h) Colligative property - i) Freezing point depression - j) Boiling point elevation - k) Soluble -
l) Insoluble - Name: m) Saturated - n) Unsaturated o) Supersaturated - 25) Explain how solubility can be increased. 26) Which solid is least soluble at 10 C? 27) Which gas is most soluble at 90 C? 28) How many grams of potassium nitrate will dissolve at 50 C? 29) Identify the following as unsaturated, saturated or supersaturated: a) 55 g of sodium nitrate is dissolved in 100 g of water at 30 C. b) 70 g of NH3 are dissolved in 100 g of water at 10 C c) 10 g of sulfur dioxide are dissolved in 100 g of water at 50 C. 30) What is the relationship between the solubility of a gas and the temperature of the solution? 31) What is the relationship between the solubility of a solid and the temperature of the solution? 32) The collision theory explains why some reactions occur and some do not and why some reactions occur faster than others. a) List the factors that affect the rate of a reaction
Name: b) Using the collision theory, explain how they affect the rate of a reaction. c) What are some reasons why reactions do not occur? 33) Le Chatlier s principle explains why there are changes in equilibrium reactions. a) Explain how pressure affects the equilibrium position. b) How does adding more reactant affect the equilibrium position? c) Why does a catalyst not affect the equilibrium position? 34) Acids are solutions with specific characteristics. a) Describe the chemical reaction which occurs between an acid and a metal. b) If a ribbon of magnesium and hydrochloric acid were combined, which products would result in the chemical reaction? 35) A solution containing 12.9 g of MgCl2 is dissolved in water to make a 0.54 L solution. a) What is the molarity of the solution? Show your work. b) How would decreasing the volume affect the molarity of the solution?