Desigatio: E 92 90 (Reapproved 1996) e1 Stadard Test Method for Laboratory Measuremet of Impact Soud Trasmissio Through Floor-Ceilig Assemblies Usig the Tappig Machie 1 This stadard is issued uder the fixed desigatio E 92; the umber immediately followig the desigatio idicates the year of origial adoptio or, i the case of revisio, the year of last revisio. A umber i paretheses idicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilo (e) idicates a editorial chage sice the last revisio or reapproval. e 1 NOTE Keywords were added editorially i April 1996. INTRODUCTION This test method is oe of several for evaluatig the soud isulatig properties of buildig elemets. It is desiged to measure the impact soud trasmissio performace of a isolated floor-ceilig assembly, i a cotrolled laboratory eviromet. Others i the set deal with field measuremet of impact soud trasmissio through floor-ceilig assemblies, ad the laboratory ad field methods of measurig airbore soud trasmissio loss of buildig partitios such as walls, floor-ceilig assemblies, doors, ad other space-dividig elemets. 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measuremet of impact soud trasmissio of floor-ceilig assemblies usig a stadardized tappig machie. It is assumed that the test specime costitutes the primary soud trasmissio path ito a receivig room located directly below ad that a diffuse soud field exists i this room. 1.2 Measuremets may be coducted o floor-ceilig assemblies of all kids, icludig those with floatig-floor or suspeded ceilig elemets, or both, ad floor-ceilig assemblies surfaced with ay type of floor-surfacig or floorcoverig materials. 1.3 This test method prescribes a uiform procedure for reportig laboratory test data, that is, the ormalized oe-third octave bad soud pressure levels trasmitted by the floorceilig assembly due to the tappig machie. 1. This stadard does ot purport to address the safety cocers, if ay, associated with its use. It is the resposibility of the user of this stadard to establish appropriate safety ad health practices ad determie the applicability of regulatory limitatios prior to use. 2. Refereced Documets 2.1 ASTM Stadards: C 23 Test Method for Soud Absorptio ad Soud Absorptio Coefficiets by the Reverberatio Room Method 2 1 This test method is uder the jurisdictio of ASTM Committee E-33 o Evirometal Acoustics ad is the direct resposibility of Subcommittee E33.03 o Soud Trasmissio. Curret editio approved Apr. 27, 1990. Published Jue 1990. Origially published as E 92 73 T. Last previous editio E 92 86. 2 Aual Book of ASTM Stadards, Vol 0.06. C 63 Termiology Relatig to Evirometal Acoustics 2 E 90 Test Method for Laboratory Measuremet of Airbore Soud Trasmissio Loss of Buildig Partitios 2 E 58 Guide for Geeral Criteria Used for Evaluatig Laboratory Competece 3 E 717 Guide for the Preparatio of the Accreditatio Aex of Acoustical Test Stadards 2 E 989 Classificatio for Determiatio of Impact Isulatio Class (IIC) 2 2.2 ANSI Stadards: S1.11 Specificatio for Octave-Bad ad Fractioal- Octave-Bad Aalog ad Digital Filters S1.26 Method for the Calculatio of the Absorptio of Soud by the Atmosphere 2.3 ISO Stadard: ISO 10/6 Acoustics Measuremet of Soud Isulatio i Buildigs ad of Buildig Elemets Part 6: Laboratory Measuremets of Impact Soud Isulatio of Floors 3. Termiology 3.1 The acoustical termiology used i this method is cosistet with Termiology C 63 except for the followig special usages. 3.2 Defiitios of Terms Specific to This Stadard: 3.2.1 receivig room a reverberat room below the floor specime uder test i which the soud pressure levels due to the tappig machie are measured. 3.2.2 source room the room cotaiig the tappig machie. 3 Aual Book of ASTM Stadards, Vol 1.02. Available from America Natioal Stadards Istitute, 11 W. 2d St., 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036. Copyright ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Coshohocke, PA 1928-2959, Uited States. 1
. Summary of Test Method.1 A stadard tappig machie is placed i operatio o a test-floor specime that forms a horizotal separatio betwee two rooms, oe directly above the other. (See Sectio 6.) The trasmitted impact soud characterized by the spectrum of the space-time average oe-third octave bad soud pressure levels produced by the tappig machie is measured i the receivig room below..2 Sice the spectrum depeds o the absorptio of the receivig room, the soud pressure levels are ormalized to a referece absorptio for purposes of comparig results obtaied i differet receivig rooms that differ i absorptio. 5. Sigificace ad Use 5.1 The evaluatio of the impact soud-isulatig performace of a floor-ceilig assembly begis with the measuremet of the soud pressure levels i the room below the test specime. The spectrum of the oise i the room below is determied by the followig: 5.1.1 The size ad the mechaical properties of the floorceilig assembly, such as its costructio, surface, moutig or edge restraits, stiffess, or iteral dampig, 5.1.2 The acoustical respose of the room below, ad 5.1.3 Ievitably, the characteristics ad placemet of the object or device producig the impacts ad the ature or degree of the actual impact itself. 5.2 This test method is based o the use of a stadardized tappig machie of the type specified i 8.1.1 ad placed i specific positios o the floor. This machie produces a cotiuous series of uiform impacts at a uiform rate o a test floor ad geerates i the receivig room broadbad soud pressure levels sufficietly high to make accurate ad reproducible measuremets possible. The tappig machie itself, however, is ot desiged to simulate ay oe type of impact, such as produced by male or female footsteps. NOTE 1 Cautio: Because of its portable desig, the tappig machie does ot simulate the weight of a huma walker. Therefore, the creak or boom of a limber floor assembly caused by such footstep excitatio may ot be reflected i the sigle umber impact ratig derived from test results obtaied by this test method. The degree of correlatio betwee the results of tappig machie tests i the laboratory ad the overall field performace of floors uder typical coditios of domestic impact excitatio may be subject to some variatio, depedig o both the type of floor costructio ad the ature of the impact excitatio. 6. Test Rooms 6.1 Flakig Trasmissio: 6.1.1 The test rooms shall be so costructed ad arraged that the test specime costitutes the oly importat trasmissio path betwee them. The impact soud pressure level trasmitted through the test structure shall be at least 10 db greater tha that trasmitted ito the receivig room by all other paths. 6.1.2 The limit of impact soud levels that ca be measured i the receivig room without beig biased by flakig trasmissio must be determied for each test facility. A suggested method is to build ad istall i the usual maer a test specime ad to measure the vibratio acceleratio levels of the test specime i the receivig room ad the receivig room walls. If the former exceeds the latter by 10 db, oe may cosider the flakig trasmissio due to vibratig room surfaces as egligible. The amout of eergy radiated from a structure depeds upo its radiatig efficiecy as well as its amplitude of vibratios. NOTE 2 The amout of flakig trasmissio may also be determied by usig soud itesity techiques to measure the cotributio of the radiatig surfaces ad ay possible airbore leaks. 6.2 Size ad Shape of Receivig Room To produce a acceptable approximatio to the assumed diffuse soud fields, especially i the lowest test frequecy bad, the receivig room should meet the followig requiremets. 6.2.1 Volume of Receivig Room The recommeded miimum volume of the receivig room is 125 m 3 (15 ft 3 ). Laboratories that use a volume smaller tha 125 m 3 must report the room volume i their test report (1, 2). 5 6.2.2 Room Shape It is recommeded that o two dimesios of the receivig room be the same or i the ratio of small whole umbers. The ratio of largest to smallest dimesio of the room should be less tha two. NOTE 3 Theoretical studies of rectagular rooms (2, 3, ) suggest that the proportios 1:2 1/3 :2 2/3 provide a optimum distributio of modes i the lowest bads. Mior deviatios i costructio, or the presece of diffusers, will alter the actual distributio. 6.3 Soud Diffusio Eve i receivig rooms meetig the requiremets of 6.2, measuremets i the lower test bads are likely to deped critically o microphoe locatios. Space/time variatios i measured soud pressure levels ca be miimized by usig a diffusig pael system that icorporates statioary or movig diffusig paels, or both. For this reaso it is suggested that the receivig room should be fitted with diffusig paels. It has bee foud that diffusig paels meetig the followig requiremets have bee effective i diffusig soud fields. This is ot to say that other diffusig paels are more or less effective. Each laboratory should select ad istall diffusig elemets such that they meet the precisio requiremets of 11.3. 6.3.1 The recommeded miimum dimesio of ay diffusig pael is 1 m excludig thickess ad recommeded miimum surface mass of the paels is 5 kg/m 2 (1 lb/ft 2 ). 6.3.2 Fixed diffusig paels should be suspeded i radom orietatios throughout the room space. The distributio of the paels should be determied experimetally i order to provide a acceptably uiform soud which satisfies the precisio requiremets of 11.3. 6.3.3 Movig diffusers usually comprise a set of rotatig or oscillatig paels set at oblique agles relative to the room surfaces. These devices are kow to be particularly effective i producig a uiform soud field. 6.3. The recommeded total sigle-sided area of fixed plus movig paels should be greater tha 10 to 15 % of the total surface of the receivig room. 6. Room Absorptio: 6..1 The soud absorptio i the receivig room should be low i order to achieve the best possible simulatio of the ideal 5 The boldface umbers i paretheses refer to the list of refereces at the ed of this stadard. 2
diffuse field coditio, ad i order to miimize the regio domiated by the direct field of the test specime. It is recommeded that i the frequecy rage that exteds from f 5 2000/V 1/3 to 2000 Hz that the Sabi absorptio i the receivig room (as furished with diffusers) ad corrected for air absorptio be o greater tha the followig: A 5 V 2/3 /3 (1) V 5 the room volume, m 3, ad A 5 the room absorptio i metric sabis. For frequecies below f 5 2000/V 1/3, (where the umber 2000 is a empirical costat with the uits (metres/secods) somewhat higher absorptio may be desirable to accommodate other test requiremets (for example, ANSI S1.32, ISO 371); i ay case, the absorptio should be o greater tha three times the value give by Eq 1. NOTE To miimize errors related to atmospheric absorptio, the temperature ad humidity i the receivig room should be kept costat durig both the trasmissio ad absorptio measuremets; for moitorig purposes, temperature ad humidity should be measured ad recorded durig each day s testig. (See ANSI S1.26 o air absorptio correctio.) 6.5 The iformatio ad recommedatios of 6.2-6. are provided so that the closest possible approximatio to a diffuse soud field will exist i the receivig room. The spatial variatios measured i the receivig room shall be such that the precisio requiremets i 11.3 are satisfied at all frequecies. 7. Test Specimes 7.1 Size ad Moutig The test specime shall iclude all of the essetial costructioal elemets ad surfacig materials ormally foud i a actual istallatio. Some elemets may have to be reduced i size i order to fit each laboratory s test opeig. I the case of precast or preformed solid cocrete slabs or hollow-masory pael structures, it is recommeded that the test specime iclude two or more complete slabs or pael uits. It is recommeded that the area of the test specime be at least 10 m 2 ad have a miimum dimesio of 2. m. The test specime shall be sealed ad structurally isolated from the receivig room to avoid sigificat flakig trasmissio. 7.2 Agig of Specimes: 7.2.1 Test specimes that icorporate materials for which there is a curig process (for example: adhesives, plasters, cocrete, mortar, dampig compoud) shall age for a sufficiet iterval before testig. Agig periods for certai commo materials are specified i Aex A1. Shorter agig periods may be used if test data idicate that additioal agig does ot affect acoustical performace (see Note 5). 7.2.2 I the case of materials whose agig characteristics are ot kow, repeated tests over a reasoable time shall be made o at least oe specime to determie a appropriate agig period. NOTE 5 A suggested procedure for determiig if a specime has aged sufficietly is to coduct a series of tests o the specime after 2,, 7, 1 or 28 days of agig. If for two cosecutive tests o differet days the chage i the oe-third octave bad soud pressure levels at each test frequecy is withi the rage of repeatability for laboratory tests o the same specime usig idetical facilities ad equipmet, the the specime ca be cosidered to have aged sufficietly. 7.3 Istallatio of Floor-Surfacig Materials: 7.3.1 Floor-surfacig materials of sigificat weight, such as carpets ad pads, especially whe istalled with adhesive, may sigificatly affect the respose of the test specime to impacter, both durig test ad i ormal use. Cosequetly, such materials should be deemed parts of the test specime. The materials ad the maer of istallig them should be fully described (see also 7.3.2 ad 7.3.3). The floor-surfacig material should cover the whole test specime, ot merely the portios uder the impact machie. 7.3.2 The istallatio or layig of floor-surfacig materials shall be i accordace with maufacturer s istructio, especially i regard to cleaig ad primig of the subfloor. It is recommeded that floorig materials, icludig uderlaymets ad adhesives, be stored i a eviromet similar to that of the source room for at least 72 h before istallatio, preferably with budles or cartos broke ope. It is recommeded that the evirometal coditios be regulated to a temperature of 15 to 25 C ad a relative humidity of 30 to 60 %. The evirometal coditios i both the source ad receivig rooms should be cotrolled ad recorded. 7.3.3 The foregoig procedure is recommeded for istallatio of ay floorig material whether by ailig or adhesive techiques. Although most floors are ready for immediate use after beig istalled, it is recommeded that measuremets o floors with adhesive-applied surfacig materials be tested o sooer tha 2 h after istallatio to allow the adhesive to cure. For adhesives with udetermied agig periods see Note 3. 8. Tappig Machie 8.1 Specificatios: 8.1.1 This test method is based o the use of a stadardized tappig machie that coforms to the specificatios give i ISO 10/6. It shall have five hammers equally spaced i a lie, the distace betwee the two ed hammers shall be 00 mm. The machie shall deliver 10 impacts/s at equal itervals, such that the time betwee successive impacts shall be 100 ms 6 5 ms. The effective mass of each hammer shall be 0.5 6 0.012 kg. The drop of a hammer o a flat hard floor shall be equivalet to a free drop without frictio of 0 6 1 mm. The part of the hammer that strikes the floor shall be a cylider of steel, 30 mm i diameter with a spherical ed havig a radius of 500 6 10 mm. Check both the hammer drop ad the radius of curvature of the hammer heads with a gage or template for coformace with the give specificatios. 8.1.2 I additio, cap the bottoms of the machie moutigs or feet with soft spoge-rubber pads about 5 mm thick, ad space the feet at least 100 mm from the earest hammer. NOTE 6 Ivestigatios ivolvig light frame floatig floors show that the resiliecy of the tappig machie moutigs as well as their spacig from the hammers sigificatly affect the soud pressure levels i the frequecy bad below 00 Hz. (5). The machie may be effectively decoupled from the floor by the use of the spoge rubber pads described i 8.1.2. To determie whether these pads are fuctioig adequately, place a strip of soft resiliet material uder the impactig hammers. If, i each frequecy bad, there is at least a 10 db reductio i the soud pressure level i the receivig room, the spurious vibratioal trasmissio is egligible. If the reductio is less tha 10 db, the supports must be 3
redesiged ad the hammer drop readjusted to coform with the specificatios i 8.1. 8.1.3 Followig adjustmet of the hammer drop i accordace with the specificatios, the tappig machie is ready for use o ay floor structure, icludig those surfaced with soft or resiliet materials. 8.2 Airbore Noise The airbore oise radiated by the tappig machie, (i the source room) icludig that due to the impactig of hammers o the floor surface, shall ot cotribute to or ifluece the oe-third octave bad soud pressure levels measured i the receivig room due to impact oise radiated by the floor/ceilig assembly. Oe method of dealig with this is to distribute eough soud absorbig material about the source room so that the level of the reverberat soud field is sufficietly reduced. Alteratively, the airbore oise trasmissio through the specime uder test ca be measured to demostrate that airbore oise does ot affect the measuremets. 8.3 Tappig Machie Positios For coformity, the tappig machie positios ad orietatios illustrated i Fig. 1 ad described below must be used. 8.3.1 Positio 1 The middle hammer of the tappig machie shall be coicidet with the midpoit of the floor area, that is, the poit of itersectio of floor diagoals. I joist costructio, adjust this poit to the ceter lie of the closest joist or other support member, ad arrage the tappig machie so that all hammers fall o the joist. 8.3.2 Positio 2 Same as positio 1, except rotate the tappig machie 90 about the axis of the middle hammer. 8.3.3 Positio 3 Similar to positio 1, except displace the tappig machie laterally, such that the log dimesio of the machie is cetered midway betwee ad parallel to the cetral joists. I the case of homogeeous cocrete slab floors or solid deck costructio without joists, the lateral displacemet of the tappig machie shall be 0.6 m from that of positio 1. 8.3. Positio Positio the tappig machie so that all hammers fall o a 5 radial lie extedig from the midhammer poit of positio 1. Locate the middle hammer 0.6 m from the midpoit of positio 1. 9. Measuremet of Oe-Third Octave Bad Soud Pressure Levels 9.1 The procedure for this method of test is to measure the soud pressure levels i a receivig room located directly below a floor specime (see 5.1). Measuremets of the soud pressure levels shall be made i a specified series of frequecy bads for each of the tappig machie positios as desigated i 8.3. 9.2 Test Frequecy Bads: 9.2.1 The soud pressure levels shall be measured i the 16 cotiguous oe-third octave bads with ceter frequecies as follows: 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 315, 00, 500, 630, 800, 1000, 1250, 1600, 2000, 2500, ad 3150 Hz. It is suggested that additioal oe-third octave bad measuremets be made at 50, 63, 80, 000, ad 5000 Hz to accumulate research data. 9.2.2 The overall frequecy respose of the filters used i the microphoe system shall, for each test bad, coform to the specificatios i ANSI S1.11 for a oe-third octave bad filter set, Order 3 or higher, Type 1 or better. 9.3 Averagig Time For each tappig machie positio ad fixed microphoe positios the impact soud pressure levels i a receivig room shall be averaged over a time NOTE 1 2 ft 5 0.6 m FIG. 1 Tappig Machie Positios
iterval of at least 10 s at frequecies of 00 Hz ad below ad at least 5satfrequecies above. If a rotatig vae is used, the time average soud pressure level shall be determied durig a sufficiet time period to take accout of variatios with vae positio. 9. Microphoe Requiremets Sice absolute rather tha relative measuremets of impact soud pressure levels are required, the calibratio ad frequecy respose of the microphoes are importat. Microphoes are preferred that have a flat frequecy respose ad are stable, omidirectioal, ad small i size, such as radom icidece respose codeser microphoes, are preferred. 9..1 Calibratio All microphoes ad associated istrumet systems used i the measuremets must be calibrated. This icludes all amplifiers ad other istrumetatio up to the poit at which the microphoe sigals are observed ad recorded. It is recommeded that the calibratio of the measuremet system be checked before ad after each set of measuremets to safeguard agaist small errors i system sesitivity. Such checks may be performed with a acoustic calibrator that geerates a kow soud pressure level at the microphoe diaphragm. 9..2 Orietatio ad Respose The orietatio of the microphoe i a diffuse soud field is ot cosidered to be critical for the frequecy rage specified above. 9..3 Locatio The perpedicular distace from ay microphoe positio to ay major exteded surface shall be o less tha 1 m. The same limit applies relative to ay fixed diffuser, if a perpedicular ca be draw to the diffuser surface (excludig edges) ad relative to ay possible positio of a rotatig diffuser. 9.. Number of Microphoe Locatios The umber ad locatio of microphoe positios required for a space average to a give precisio (see Sectio 11) should be determied iitially by a detailed survey of the receivig room, especially at the lowest test frequecies. A reduced umber of locatios that yield the same average result as the detailed survey ad meet the precisio requiremets of Sectio 11 may be selected for day-to-day measuremets. No fewer tha four () microphoe positios, however, shall be used for each tappig machie locatio. 9..5 If the estimates of precisio of average soud pressure levels are to be reliable the observatio poits should be sufficietly far apart to provide idepedet samples of the soud field. This requires, if fixed microphoe positios are used, that they be spaced at least half a wavelegth apart. A sigle microphoe cotiuously movig alog a defied traverse may be used istead of statioary microphoes provided that the above restrictios are met. 9.5 Averagig Soud Pressure Levels For each tappig machie positio, a set of soud pressure levels correspodig to the various microphoe positios i the receivig room will be obtaied. The space-time average soud pressure level ( L p) correspodig to this set of readigs is give by L p 5 10 log S 1 ( 10 D L pi/10 (2) i 5 1 L pi 5 umber of microphoe positios or readigs, ad 5 soud pressure level measured at a microphoe positio for oe locatio of the tappig machie, db. 9.6 Backgroud Noise Level Measuremets of the backgroud oise levels shall be made durig each test to esure that the observatios are ot affected by extraeous airbore or electrical oise i the receivig system. 9.6.1 If the backgroud oise level is more tha 10 db below the combied level of sigal plus backgroud, the o correctio is to be made. If the backgroud oise level is betwee 10 ad 5 db below the combied level, the adjustmets must be made for the backgroud oise level as follows. 9.6.2 Adjustmet for Backgroud Noise Level If L sb is the level of the sigal ad backgroud combied, ad L b is the level due to backgroud oise oly, the the adjusted sigal level, L s, i the absece of backgroud oise is the followig: L s 5 10 log ~10 L sb/10 2 10 L b/10! (3) 9.6.3 At those frequecies where the backgroud oise level is less tha 5 db below the combied level, subtract 2 db from the combied level ad idetify those data with a asterisk to idicate the backgroud oise level was too high. 9.7 The average oe-third octave bad soud pressure level ( L P ) for the four idividual soud pressure levels measured for each tappig machie positio is give by the followig: L P 5 10 log ~ 0.25 ( 10 L pj/10! () L pj 5 The average oe-third octave bad soud pressure level, decibels re 20 Pa, for each tappig machie positio. 9.8 The ormalized soud pressure level, L p, i each of the specified frequecy bads may be obtaied from the followig relatioship: j 5 1 L 5 L P 2 10 log ~A 0 /A 1! (5) L P 5 the average of the oe-third octave bad soud pressure levels, i decibels re 20 Pa, i the receivig room for the four tappig machie positios, A 1 5 soud absorptio of the receivig room, expressed i uits of metric sabis, ad measured i the same frequecy bad used for the measuremet of L p, ad A 0 5 referece absorptio of 10 metric sabis. 9.9 Determiatio of Receivig Room Soud Absorptio: 9.9.1 The required method of determiig the soud absorptio is to measure the decay rate, d, i the receivig room usig a soud source i the receivig room (see Test Method C 23). The determiatio of the soud absorptio i the receivig room is to be made with the room i the same coditio ad with microphoes i the same positios as for the measuremet of soud pressure level, L p. Specifically, the floor-ceilig specime shall remai i place durig the measuremet of d, so that its effective absorptio is icluded. Further, the bad width of the microphoe sigal shall be the same as that used for measuremet of the oe-third octave bad soud pressure 5
levels produced by the tappig machie. 10. Report 10.1 The report shall iclude the followig iformatio: 10.1.1 A statemet, if true i every respect, that the tests were coducted i accordace with the provisios of this method ad the ucertaity limits for each tappig machie positio met the provisio requiremets of 11.3. Coformace with the relevat sectios of Aex A1 shall also be reported, if applicable. 10.1.2 A descriptio of the test specime that is sufficietly detailed to idetify the specime, at least i terms of the elemets that may affect its impact isulatio performace. The specime size, icludig thickess, ad the average weight per square foot shall always be reported. Wherever possible, the testig laboratory shall observe ad report the materials, dimesios, weight, ad other relevat physical properties of the major compoets ad the maer i which they are combied, icludig a descriptio of fasteig elemets. A descriptio furished by the sposor of the test may be icluded i the report provided that it is attributed to the sposor. The curig period, if ay, ad the fial coditio of the sample (shrikage, cracks, etc.) shall be reported. 10.1.3 A detailed descriptio of ay floor-coverig material or uderlaymet, or both, such as carpets, pads, ad mats which were placed o top of the fiished floor specime. I additio to the size, weight, ad thickess, other properties of the floor coverig, such as type of material, pile height, loop desity, backig, etc., shall be described. 10.1. The temperature ad relative humidity i both the source ad receivig rooms. 10.1.5 The method of istallatio of the specime i the test opeig, icludig the locatio of framig or joist members relative to the edges, ad the treatmet of the juctio with the test opeig. The use of costraits, caulkig, gaskets, tape, or other sealats o perimeter or iterior joits shall be described i detail. 10.1.6 The ormalized impact soud pressure levels (L )to the earest 1 db, for the oe-third octave frequecy bads give i 9.2. Results may be preseted i graphical form. It is recommeded that the ordiate be 2 mm/db ad the abscissa scale be 50 mm per 10:1 frequecy ratio. If it is ecessary to use a larger or smaller scale, the same aspect ratio as above should be used. 10.1.7 The calculated 95 % ucertaity limit (DL )ofthe impact oise test data at each frequecy. 10.1.8 If a sigle umber ratig is give, the preferred ratig method is the Impact Isulatio Class (IIC), as described i Classificatio E 989. 11. Precisio ad Bias 11.1 The precisio of the space-time average soud pressure level (L p ) for a tappig machie positio is derived from the measuremet precisio of the idividual soud pressure levels. The method described i ASTM STP 15D (6) for determiig the 95 % ucertaity is summarized i 11.2. 11.2 Niety-Five Percet Ucertaity Calculatio: 11.2.1 The stadard deviatio for a set of measuremets is give by the geeral expressio: TABLE 1 Factors of 95 % Cofidece Limits for Averages Number of Measuremets 2 ~X s 5S i ( i 2 X! 5 1 2 1 1/2 D s 5 stadard deviatio, X i 5 the idividual quatity beig measured, X 5 the average value of the quatity beig measured, ad 5 umber of readigs or determiatios of the quatity beig measured. 11.2.2 The 95 % ucertaity limit for a measuremet is give by the geeral expressio: DX 5 as (7) DX 5 ucertaity limit, db, ad a 5 a factor which depeds o the umber of measuremets or determiatios ad the desired cofidece limits. See Table 1 for the values of a for 95 % cofidece limits. 11.2.3 The 95 % ucertaity limit (D L p) for the average soud pressure level ( L p) i the receivig room for a tappig machie locatio is give by the expressio: ~L DL p 5 ~a!s i ( pi 2 L p! 2 5 1 2 1 Cofidece Limits A a 1.591 5 1.21 6 1.050 7 0.925 8 0.836 9 0.769 10 0.715 11 0.672 12 0.635 13 0.60 1 0.577 15 0.55 16 0.533 17 0.51 18 0.97 19 0.82 20 0.68 21 0.55 22 0.3 23 0.32 2 0.22 25 0.13 a 5 1.960 = A Limits may be expected to iclude the true average, X, 95 times i 100 i a series of problems, each ivolvig a sigle set of observatio. 1/2 D a 5 factor take from Table 1, 5 umber of measuremets of soud pressure level for oe locatio of the tappig machie, L pi 5 soud pressure level measured at a microphoe positio for oe locatio of the tappig machie, ad L p 5 average soud pressure level for oe locatio of the tappig machie. NOTE 7 Eq 8 is sufficietly accurate for this stadard as log as the rage of values for L pi is o more tha 5 db. If the rage of values for L pi (6) (8) 6
is greater tha 5 db, the the followig equatio should be used to determie DL p : D L p 5 ~.329! ~a! 3 ( ~10 i 5 1 2 11 L pi/10! 2 2 121/2 (9) ~ ( 10 L pi/10! 2 i 5 1 11.3 Precisio Requiremet It is required that the soud pressure level 95 % ucertaity level determied for each tappig machie locatio be o greater tha 3 db for the oe-third octave bads cetered i the rage from 100 to 00 Hz ad 2.5 db for the bads cetered i the rage from 500 to 3150 Hz. 12. Characteristics or Variability of Floor/Ceilig Assemblies 12.1 May floor/ceilig assemblies are ot homogeeous, thus there ca be a variatio i the space-time average soud pressure levels measured for each tappig machie locatio. That is why precisio requiremets are determied for each tappig machie locatio ad ot for the ormalized soud pressure level determied for all the tappig machie locatios. 12.2 Sice it is desirable to have some idicatio of the variability of the space-time average soud pressure levels for each tappig machie locatio, the 95 % ucertaity limits for the ormalized soud pressure levels must be determied. 12.2.1 The 95 % ucertaity limit (DL p ) for the ormalized soud pressure level (L ) is equal to the square root of the sum of the square of the 95 % ucertaities for each L p value ad the ucertaity for 10 log A 1. 12.2.2 The 95 % ucertaity limit (D (10 log A 1 )) for 10 log A 1 is give by the expressio: D ~log A 1! 5 as (10) s 5 stadard deviatio for the determiatio of 10 log A 1. If the rage of values for A 1 is small, the D (10 log A 1 )is equal approximately to.33 DA 1 /A 1. If reverberatio times are used istead of absorptio values, the D (10 log A 1 ) may be replaced by D (10 log T 1 ) or.3 DT 1 /T 1. 12.2.3 The 95 % ucertaity limit (DL ) for the determiatio of the ormalized soud pressure level (L ) is the combied ucertaity limits of the measured quatities.thus: or DL 5S or DL 5S D 2 L p1 1D 2 L p2 1D 2 L p3 1D 2 L p D 2 L p1 1D 2 L p2 1D 2 L p3 1D 2 L p 1/2 1D 2 ~10 log A 1!D (11) 1 18.86S DA 1 A 1 2 1/2 D D DL 5S D 2 L p1 1D 2 L p2 1D 2 L p3 1D 2 L p 1 18.86S DT 2 1/2 1 T 1 D D D 2 L p1+ 5 the square of the 95 % ucertaity limits determied for each tappig machie locatio. 13. Keywords 13.1 floor ceilig assemblies; soud trasmissio; tappig machie ANNEXES (Madatory Iformatio) A1. PREPARATION AND DESCRIPTION OF TEST SPECIMENS A1.1 Scope A1.1.1 This aex supplemets the mai documet sice it costitutes a elaboratio of the geeral requiremets give i 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 10.1.2, 10.1.3, ad 10.1.5 for the costructio of certai geeric types of floor-ceilig assemblies. The various types of assemblies are categorized ad dealt with i separate sectios i which special details are spelled out relatig to the preparatio, istallatio ad agig of test specimes ad the reportig of such iformatio. A1.2 Types A1.2.1 The followig geeric types of floor structures are cosidered: A1.2.1.1 Cocrete or masory floors, A1.2.1.2 Metal or wood joist floors, A1.2.1.3 Floors with ceilig assemblies, ad A1.2.1. Floatig floors. A1.2.2 Composite Costructio If a structural floor icludes compoets correspodig to more tha oe of the listed types, the appropriate requiremets of each type shall apply. For example, cocrete floor slab to which a plaster ceilig is applied shall meet the relevat requiremets of A1.3 for the basic floor ad A1.5 for the plaster layer. A1.3 Cocrete or Masory Floors A1.3.1 Materials The dimesios ad average weight of a idividual masory uit, ad the thickess, ad average area of coverage of mortar shall be determied ad recorded. The weight per square foot of the completed floor shall be determied by weighig a represetative portio of the floor after test. I the case of poured reiforced cocrete floors, the dimesios ad the average weight of the floor slab shall be recorded. If reiforcig rods or wire mesh are used, the dimesios, spacig, gage ad mesh size of such materials shall be recorded. A1.3.2 Costructio The floor shall be built i accordace 7
with usual costructio practice except that extra cotrol procedures may be desirable to esure maiteace of the specified dimesios. The costructio procedures should be reported i detail (see also 10.1.2, 10.1.3, ad 10.1.5). A1.3.3 Agig Followig costructio the specime shall be allowed to age a miimum of 28 days before testig. A temperature rage of 10 to 30 C is recommeded. A1. Metal or Wood Joist Floors A1..1 Materials: A1..1.1 Joists State material, species, ad grade if wood; state compositio, type ad thickess of other materials, true dimesios, spacig i test opeig, ed-fasteig coditios, ad weight per lieal foot, A1..1.2 Fillers Materials, weight per square foot, locatio, ad method of fasteig. A1..1.3 Floorig Compositio of idividual subfloor ad fiish floor sectios ad orietatio i test specime; weight per square foot of material, umber of layers ad thickess of each, locatio ad treatmet of joits, umber ad type of fasteers. (See 7.3.) A1..1. Adhesives Compositio, method of applicatio, ad thickess. A1..2 Costructio See 10.1.2 ad 10.1.3. A1..3 Agig If adhesives are used to apply wood block or tile floorig materials or varish is applied to the floor surface, the specime shall age for a miimum of 2 h. If o adhesives are used, but floor surfaces are fiished with a quick dryig sealer ad fiishig compouds, the miimum agig period shall be 12 h. A1.5 Floors with Ceilig Assemblies A1.5.1 Materials: A1.5.1.1 Ceilig Joists, Furrig Strips, Nailig Chaels State materials, type true dimesios, spacig ad orietatio, ed-fasteig coditios, ad weight per square foot. Also state species ad grade if material is wood. A1.5.1.2 Fillers Materials, weight per square foot of floor, locatio, ad method of fasteig; A1.5.1.3 Lathig Material, dimesios of idividual sectios, ad orietatio i test specime, weight per square foot, umber, ad locatio of fasteers ad treatmet of the edges of the specime. A1.5.1. Plaster Compositio ad thickess of each layer ad the method of applicatio. The weight per square foot of the completed floor (icludig joists, other framig members ad filler materials) should be determied by weighig represetative sectios after test. A1.5.1.5 Wallboard State material ad orietatio i test specime, weight per square foot of material, umber of layers ad thickess of each, locatio ad treatmet of joits, umber ad type of fasteers. A1.5.2 Costructio The test specime may either be built ito a suitable frame, which is the iserted i the test opeig, or built ito the opeig itself. The type of istallatio ad the steps i costructig the specime (for example, plasterig techiques) should be reported i detail. The actual thickess of plaster layers should be determied, for example, by ispectio of represetative sectios after the test. (See also 10.1.2 ad 10.1.5.) A1.5.3 Agig: A1.5.3.1 Plaster Thick coats (greater tha 1 8 i.) of gypsum plaster shall age at least 28 days before testig; superficial coats ( 1 8 i. thick or less) shall age at least 3 days. A1.5.3.2 Wallboard If joits ad edges are fiished with typical joit caulkig ad fiishig compouds, the miimum agig period shall be 12 h. A1.6 Floatig Floors A1.6.1 Materials: A1.6.1.1 Surface of Supportig Structural Floor State materials, type, thickess true dimesios, weight per square foot of material, umber of layers ad thickess of each, locatio ad treatmet of joits, umber ad type of fasteers. A1.6.1.2 Resiliet Uderlaymets State material, type, thickess, true dimesios, spacig locatio, ad weight per square foot of material, ad method of fasteig. A1.6.1.3 Floatig Framig, Joists, Furrig Strips, Sleepers ad Nailig Chaels State materials, type, thickess, true dimesios, spacig, ed-fasteig coditios, ad edge or perimeter clearace. A1.6.1. Floatig Subfloor ad Fiish Floor State material, type, thickess, true dimesios, weight per square foot of material, umber of layers ad thickess of each, locatio ad treatmet of joits, umber ad type of fasteers, method of fasteig, ad edge or perimeter clearace. A1.6.1.5 Adhesives Same as A1..1.1. A1.6.2 Costructio The floatig floor may be built o top of ay basic structural floor, which has bee istalled i the test opeig. The type of istallatio ad steps i costructig the floatig floor should be reported i detail. The total thickess of the floatig floor (icludig supportig members ad uderlaymet) should be stated. Total weight of the floatig floor (icludig supportig members ad uderlaymet) may be determied by weighig composig elemets before istallatio. A1.6.3 Agig: A1.6.3.1 Floatig Floors of Wood Costructio Same as A1..2. A1.6.3.2 Floatig Floors of Cocrete Slab Costructio Same as A1.3.3. 8
A2. LABORATORY ACCREDITATION A2.1 Scope A2.1.1 This aex describes the iformatio that must be supplied by a laboratory to a accreditig authority ad the required procedures, equipmet, ad facilities i order to demostrate compliace with all the provisios of this stadard method of test. A2.2 Refereced Documets A2.2.1 ASTM Stadards: C 63 Termiology Relatig to Evirometal Acoustics 2 E 58 Guide for Geeral Criteria Used for Evaluatig Laboratory Competece 3 E 717 Guide for the Preparatio of the Accreditatio Aex of Acoustical Test Stadards 2 A2.3 Laboratory Iformatio ad Geeral Criteria A2.3.1 The laboratory shall satisfy all the provisios of Practice E 58. A2. Specific Procedures ad Performace A2..1 The laboratory must show that: A2..1.1 The impact soud pressure level trasmitted through the test structure is at least 10 db greater tha that trasmitted ito the receivig room by all other paths for each test frequecy bad (6.1.1). A2..1.2 A assessmet of the flakig impact soud trasmissio through the walls eclosig the receivig room has bee made. A2..1.3 If the volume of a laboratory s reverberatio room is less tha 125 m 3 or two room dimesios are equal, the explicit evidece must be furished by the laboratory that they ca meet the precisio requiremets of 11.3. A2..1. That the soud absorptio i the receivig room is appropriate to satisfy the measuremet ucertaities of 11.3. A2..1.5 The test specimes are large eough to iclude all the essetial costructio elemets i their ormal size ad i proportios typical of actual size (7.2). A2..1.6 The test specime is sealed ad structurally isolated from the receivig room ad istalled usig ormal costructio practices (7.1). A2..1.7 Test specimes are properly aged before testig (7.3.2). A2..1.8 The tappig machie meets requiremets of 8.1. A2..1.9 The test frequecy bads ad the overall frequecy respose of the microphoe filters meet the requiremets of 9.. A2..1.10 The averagig time procedures meet the requiremets of 9.5. A2..1.11 Backgroud oise levels are at least 5 db below the total level (9.6). A2..1.12 The method for averagig the impact soud pressure levels is adequate. A2..1.13 The microphoe(s) meet the requiremets of 9.8 ad are calibrated i accordace with 9.8.1. A2..1.1 The microphoe locatios i the receivig room meet the requiremets of 9.8.3. A2..1.15 The test results are reported as specified i 12.1. A2..2 The laboratory shall describe its procedure for determiig the soud absorptio i the receivig room. A2..3 The laboratory shall establish a referece test specime that must have bee istalled ad tested withi the prior 12 moths of a test usig this test method. The results of the tests o this referece test specime shall be made available to the accreditig authority. The referece test specime may be ay floor/ceilig assembly selected by the laboratory. The referece test specime is oly to be used to check the repeatability of a particular laboratory. REFERENCES (1) Warock, A., See miutes of E33.90 dated April 11, 1983, ad April 10, 198. (2) Doato, R. J., Agular Distributios of Lower Room Modes, Joural of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol 1, 1967, pp. 196 199. (3) Sepmeyer, L. W., Computed Frequecy ad Agular Distributio of the Normal Modes of Vibratio i Rectagular Rooms, Joural of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol 37, 1965, pp. 13 23. () Morse, Philip M. ad Bolt, Richard H., Soud Waves i Rooms, Reviews of Moder Physics, Vol 16, No. 2, April 19. (5) Bruel, P. V., Tappig Machies for Measurig Impact Soud Trasmissio, Bruel ad Kjaer Techical Review, No. 2, 1967. (6) ASTM Maual o Presetatio of Data ad Cotrol Chart Aalysis, STP 15D, Oct. 1976. The America Society for Testig ad Materials takes o positio respectig the validity of ay patet rights asserted i coectio with ay item metioed i this stadard. Users of this stadard are expressly advised that determiatio of the validity of ay such patet rights, ad the risk of ifrigemet of such rights, are etirely their ow resposibility. This stadard is subject to revisio at ay time by the resposible techical committee ad must be reviewed every five years ad if ot revised, either reapproved or withdraw. Your commets are ivited either for revisio of this stadard or for additioal stadards ad should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your commets will receive careful cosideratio at a meetig of the resposible techical committee, which you may atted. If you feel that your commets have ot received a fair hearig you should make your views kow to the ASTM Committee o Stadards, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Coshohocke, PA 1928. 9
This stadard is copyrighted by ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Coshohocke, PA 1928-2959, Uited States. Idividual reprits (sigle or multiple copies) of this stadard may be obtaied by cotactig ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585 (phoe), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website (http://www.astm.org). 10