Weather and Energy Review

Transcription

1 Weather and Energy Review Name 1. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents the greenhouse effect in which heat energy is trapped in Earth's atmosphere Which type of radiation from Earth is the long-wave radiation absorbed by greenhouse gases? A) ultraviolet B) visible light C) infrared D) radio waves 2. The cross section below shows two compartments of water of equal volume insulated by Styrofoam and separated by a metal dividing wall, forming a closed energy system. 3. Conduction is the transfer of heat energy by A) density differences B) molecular contact C) electromagnetic waves D) movement through a vacuum 4. Heat energy from the lower latitudes is transferred to colder Earth regions by planetary wind circulation mainly through the process of A) conduction B) radiation C) convection D) reflection When the temperature of the water in compartment A decreases by 10 C, the temperature of the water in compartment B will A) remain unchanged B) decrease by only 5 C C) decrease by approximately 10 C D) increase by approximately 10 C Page 1

2 5. The diagram below shows a laboratory box used to demonstrate the process of convection in the atmosphere. Which diagram has arrows that show the direction of airflow that occurs when the candle is burning? A) 7. During which process does water gain the most heat energy? A) condensation B) freezing C) evaporation D) melting 8. How many joules are required to evaporate 1 gram of boiling water? A) 4 B) 335 C) 2260 D) How much heat energy is required to raise the temperature of 10. grams of granite from 20.ºC to 30.ºC? A) 7.9 J B) 10 J C) 79 J D) 100 J 10. Equal areas of which surface would most likely absorb the most insolation? A) smooth, white surface B) rough, white surface C) smooth, black surface D) rough, black surface B) C) D) 6. Which process transfers energy primarily by electromagnetic waves? A) radiation B) evaporation C) conduction D) convection Page 2

3 11. The map below shows the amount of snowfall, in inches, produced by a lake-effect snowstorm in central New York State. The wind that produced this snowfall pattern most likely came from the A) northeast B) northwest C) southeast D) southwest 12. Base your answer to the following question on the weather map below, which shows the location of fronts and the temperature field on a given day in the United States. Which two cities most likely have an air temperature closest to 75 F? A) Chicago and Detroit B) Los Angeles and Denver C) Oklahoma City and Memphis D) Cincinnati and Kansas City Page 3

4 13. Base your answer to the following question on the weather map below, which shows a low-pressure system over the central United States. Isobars are labeled in millibars. Points A, B, C, and D represent locations on Earth's surface. Which location is most likely experiencing the fastest wind speed? A) A B) B C) C D) D 14. What is the relative humidity when the dry-bulb temperature is 16 C and the wet-bulb temperature is 14 C? A) 90% B) 80% C) 14% D) 13% 15. Which map best represents the surface wind pattern around a Northern Hemisphere high-pressure center? A) B) C) D) Page 4

5 16. The map of North America below shows the source region of an air mass forming mostly over Mexico. Base your answers to questions 17 and 18 on the weather map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map of a portion of eastern North America shows a high-pressure center (H) and a low-pressure center (L), frontal boundaries, and present weather conditions. This air mass originating over Mexico is classified as A) continental polar B) continental tropical C) maritime polar D) maritime tropical 17. What was the most likely source region for the air mass over Pennsylvania? A) New York State B) Pacific Ocean C) Gulf of Mexico D) Canada 18. Which weather condition is shown along the cold front? A) fog B) snow C) haze D) thunderstorms Page 5

6 19. The weather map below shows a portion of a low-pressure system. Which front will most likely pass over location A during the next two hours'? A) warm B) stationary C) occluded D) cold 20. What is the dewpoint when the dry-bulb temperature is 8 C and the wet-bulb temperature is 2 C? A) 28 C B) 6 C C) 3 C D) 9 C 21. A container of water is placed in an open outdoor area so that the evaporation rate can be observed. The water will most likely evaporate fastest when the weather is A) cool, humid, and windy B) cool, dry, and calm C) warm, humid, and calm D) warm, dry, and windy 22. Which atmospheric conditions are necessary for condensation? A) saturated air and dewpoint temperature much lower than air temperature B) unsaturated air and dewpoint temperature much higher than air temperature C) saturated air and equal dewpoint and air temperatures D) unsaturated air and equal dewpoint and air temperatures 23. When clouds form, heat energy is released into the atmosphere by A) expanding air B) falling precipitation C) condensation nuclei D) condensing water vapor 24. Which two processes lead to cloud formation in rising air? A) compressing and cooling B) compressing and warming C) expanding and cooling D) expanding and warming 25. Which substance is a form of precipitation? A) frost B) hail C) fog D) dew Page 6

7 26. Which cross section best represents how surface winds form by midaftemoon near a shoreline on a hot summer day? [Diagrams are not drawn to scale.] A) B) C) Page 7

8 D) 27. Base your answer to the following question on the information on the four station models shown below. The weather data were collected at Niagara Falls, Syracuse, Utica, and New York City at the same time. New York City was experiencing a wind blowing from the south at 10 knots with hazy conditions limiting visibility to of a mile. On the station model below for New York City, place, in the proper location and format, the information below. wind direction wind speed present weather visibility Page 8

9 Base your answers to questions 28 through 30 on the weather map in your answer booklet and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows air temperatures (in F) at locations in the northeastern United States and part of Canada. Syracuse, New York, is labeled. Line AB represents a stationary frontal boundary. 28. Convert the air temperature at Syracuse from degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius. 29. Write the two-letter weather map symbol for the type of air mass that is most likely located north of frontal boundary AB. 30. On the map, draw the isotherm for 0 F. Extend each end of the isotherm to the edge of the map. Page 9

10 Answer Key Weather and Energy Review 1. A B C D A B C D 3. A B C D 4. A B C D 5. A B C D 6. A B C D 7. A B C D 8. A B C D 9. A B C D 10. A B C D 11. A B C D 12. A B C D 13. A B C D 14. A B C D 15. A B C D 16. A B C D 17. A B C D 18. A B C D 19. A B C D 20. A B C D 21. A B C D 22. A B C D 23. A B C D 24. A B C D 25. A B C D 26. A B C D any value from 20ºC to 24ºC 29. cp or ca or mp. Page 10