Steady Flow: rad conv. where. E c T gz L q 2. p v 2 V. Integrate from surface to top of atmosphere: rad TOA rad conv surface

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Steady Flow: rad conv. where. E c T gz L q 2. p v 2 V. Integrate from surface to top of atmosphere: rad TOA rad conv surface"

Transcription

1 The Three-Dimensional Circulation 1

2 Steady Flow: F k ˆ F k ˆ VE 0, rad conv where 1 E c T gz L q 2 p v 2 V Integrate from surface to top of atmosphere: VE F FF F 0 rad TOA rad conv surface 2

3 What causes lateral enthalpy transport by atmosphere? 1: Large-scale, quasi-steady overturning motion in the Tropics, 2: Eddies with horizontal dimensions of ~ 3000 km in middle and high latitudes 3

4 Observed Characteristics of the Time Mean Tropical Atmosphere Monthly and seasonal means Zonal means 4

5 Objective Analysis Provides Best Guess as to the State of the Atmosphere 1. Start with First Guess Analysis 2. Ingest Data -Radiosondes -Surface Observations -Ship Reports and Buoy Observations -Aircraft Observations -Satellite Observations 3. Data Assimilation -Blend data to produce an initialized (balanced) analysis (or not...) 4. Run General Circulation Model to Obtain next First Guess 5

6 6

7 Mean January Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR), Shading at 10 W m -2 intervals, starting at 260 W m -2 7

8 Mean April Outgoing Longwave Radiation, Shading at 10 W m -2 intervals, starting at 260 W m -2 8

9 Mean July Outgoing Longwave Radiation, Shading at 10 W m -2 intervals, starting at 260 W m -2 9

10 Mean October Outgoing Longwave Radiation, Shading at 10 W m -2 intervals, starting at 260 W m -2 10

11 Mean January 200 hpa Total Wind, Outgoing Longwave Radiation Wind (vectors, largest around 70 m s -1 ) OLR (shading at 10 W s -2 intervals) 11

12 Mean April 200 hpa Total Wind, Outgoing Longwave Radiation Wind (vectors, largest around 70 m s -1 ) OLR (shading at 10 W s -2 intervals) 12

13 Mean July 200 hpa Total Wind, Outgoing Longwave Radiation Wind (vectors, largest around 70 m s -1 ) OLR (shading at 10 W s -2 intervals) 13

14 Mean October 200 hpa Total Wind, Outgoing Longwave Radiation Wind (vectors, largest around 70 m s -1 ) OLR (shading at 10 W s -2 intervals) 14

15 Mean January 850 hpa Total Wind, Outgoing Longwave Radiation Wind (vectors, largest around 10 m s -1 ) OLR (shading at 10 W s -2 intervals) 15

16 Mean April 850 hpa Total Wind, Outgoing Longwave Radiation Wind (vectors, largest around 10 m s - 1 ) OLR (shading at 10 W s -2 intervals) 16

17 Mean July 850 hpa Total Wind, Outgoing Longwave Radiation Wind (vectors, largest around 10 m s -1 ) OLR (shading at 10 W s -2 intervals) 17

18 Mean October 850 hpa Total Wind, Outgoing Longwave Radiation Wind (vectors, largest around 10 m s - 1 ) OLR (shading at 10 W s -2 intervals) 18

19 19

20 Vorticity v u V x y Divergence u v D V x y Streamfunction 2 Velocity 2 D Potential 20

21 Non-divergent (Rotational) Wind u v y x Divergent Wind u v x y 21

22 Mean January 200 hpa Streamfunction Contour interval l10x m 2 s -1 22

23 Mean January 200 hpa Velocity Potential and Divergent Wind Contour interval 1.0 X 10 6 m 2 s -1 Largest vector is about 5 m s -1 23

24 Mean January 200 hpa Divergent Wind, Outgoing Longwave Radiation Div. Wind (vectors, largest around 15 m s -1 ) OLR (shading at 10 W s -2 intervals) 24

25 Mean April 200 hpa Divergent Wind, Outgoing Longwave Radiation Div. Wind (vectors, largest around 15 m s -1 ) OLR (shading at 10 W s -2 intervals) 25

26 Mean July 200 hpa Divergent Wind, Outgoing Longwave Radiation Div. Wind (vectors, largest around 15 m s -1 ) OLR (shading at 10 W s -2 intervals) 26

27 Mean October 200 hpa Divergent Wind, Outgoing Longwave Radiation Div. Wind (vectors, largest around 15 m s -1 ) OLR (shading at 10 W s -2 intervals) 27

28 28

29 Annual Mean Precipitation 29

30 30

31 31

32 January Zonal Mean Meridional Wind from ECMWF Contour interval.2 m s -1 Shading Red Positive (Southerly) 32

33 April Zonal Mean Meridional Wind from ECMWF Contour interval.2 ms -1 Shading Red Positive (Southerly) 33

34 July Zonal Mean Meridional Wind ECMWF from Contour interval.2 m s -1 Shading Red Positive (Southerly) 34

35 October Zonal Mean Meridional Wind ECMWF from Contour interval.2 m s -1 Shading Red Positive (Southerly) 35

36 January Zonal Mean OLR, Vertical and Meridional Wind, from ECMWF latitude Contour interval 1 mm s -1 Shading Red Positive (Upward) 36

37 April Zonal Mean OLR, Vertical and Meridional Wind, from ECMWF latitude Contour interval 1 mm s -1 Shading Red Positive (Upward) 37

38 July Zonal Mean OLR, Vertical and Meridional Wind, from ECMWF latitude Contour interval 1 mm s -1 Shading Red Positive (Upward) 38

39 October Zonal Mean OLR, Vertical and Meridional Wind, from ECMWF latitude Contour interval 1 mm s -1 Shading Red Positive (Upward) 39

40 January Zonal Mean Zonal Wind from NCEP Contour interval 5 m s -1 Shading Red Positive (Westerly) 40

41 July Zonal Mean Zonal Wind from NCEP Contour interval l5 ms -1 Shading Red Positive (Westerly) 41

42 Annual Mean 42

43 December, January, February 43

44 June, July, August 44

45 MIT OpenCourseWare Tropical Meteorology Spring 2011 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: 45

Dynamics of the Atmosphere

Dynamics of the Atmosphere 12.810 Dynamics of the Atmosphere Course description: Discusses the dynamics of the atmosphere, with emphasis on the large scale. Instructor: Paul O Gorman Email: pog@mit.edu Office: 54-1712 Questions:

More information

Lecture 8. Monsoons and the seasonal variation of tropical circulation and rainfall

Lecture 8. Monsoons and the seasonal variation of tropical circulation and rainfall Lecture 8 Monsoons and the seasonal variation of tropical circulation and rainfall According to the second hypothesis, the monsoon is a manifestation of the seasonal variation of the tropical circulation

More information

The feature of atmospheric circulation in the extremely warm winter 2006/2007

The feature of atmospheric circulation in the extremely warm winter 2006/2007 The feature of atmospheric circulation in the extremely warm winter 2006/2007 Hiroshi Hasegawa 1, Yayoi Harada 1, Hiroshi Nakamigawa 1, Atsushi Goto 1 1 Climate Prediction Division, Japan Meteorological

More information

The Arctic Energy Budget

The Arctic Energy Budget The Arctic Energy Budget The global heat engine [courtesy Kevin Trenberth, NCAR]. Differential solar heating between low and high latitudes gives rise to a circulation of the atmosphere and ocean that

More information

WATER VAPOR FLUXES OVER EQUATORIAL CENTRAL AFRICA

WATER VAPOR FLUXES OVER EQUATORIAL CENTRAL AFRICA WATER VAPOR FLUXES OVER EQUATORIAL CENTRAL AFRICA INTRODUCTION A good understanding of the causes of climate variability depend, to the large extend, on the precise knowledge of the functioning of the

More information

Brief Overview of the Global Atmosphere

Brief Overview of the Global Atmosphere Brief Overview of the Global Atmosphere Images on pages 3, 5 through 9, 19, 77 through 80 and 90 are copyrighted by Academic Press, NY, 1999. The images are in a chapter entitled "Quasi-equilibrium thinking"

More information

Atmospheric circulation analysis for seasonal forecasting

Atmospheric circulation analysis for seasonal forecasting Training Seminar on Application of Seasonal Forecast GPV Data to Seasonal Forecast Products 18 21 January 2011 Tokyo, Japan Atmospheric circulation analysis for seasonal forecasting Shotaro Tanaka Climate

More information

Tropical Meteorology. Roger K. Smith INDO IR

Tropical Meteorology. Roger K. Smith INDO IR Tropical Meteorology Roger K. Smith INDO IR 01010510 1 GMS IR 01022621 GOES IR 00112909 2 Introduction to the tropics The zonal mean circulation (Hadley circulation) The data network in the tropics (field

More information

ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 23 April 2012

ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 23 April 2012 ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 23 April 2012 Outline Overview Recent Evolution and Current Conditions Oceanic Niño Index

More information

P4.2 THE THREE DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE AND TIME EVOLUTION OF THE DECADAL VARIABILITY REVEALED IN ECMWF REANALYSES

P4.2 THE THREE DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE AND TIME EVOLUTION OF THE DECADAL VARIABILITY REVEALED IN ECMWF REANALYSES P4.2 THE THREE DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE AND TIME EVOLUTION OF THE DECADAL VARIABILITY REVEALED IN ECMWF REANALYSES Taehyoun Shim 1, Gyu-Ho Lim* 1 and Dong-In Lee 2 1 School of Earth and Environmental Sciences,

More information

CHAPTER 2 DATA AND METHODS. Errors using inadequate data are much less than those using no data at all. Charles Babbage, circa 1850

CHAPTER 2 DATA AND METHODS. Errors using inadequate data are much less than those using no data at all. Charles Babbage, circa 1850 CHAPTER 2 DATA AND METHODS Errors using inadequate data are much less than those using no data at all. Charles Babbage, circa 185 2.1 Datasets 2.1.1 OLR The primary data used in this study are the outgoing

More information

General Circulation. Nili Harnik DEES, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

General Circulation. Nili Harnik DEES, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory General Circulation Nili Harnik DEES, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory nili@ldeo.columbia.edu Latitudinal Radiation Imbalance The annual mean, averaged around latitude circles, of the balance between the

More information

Chapter 1 Climate in 2016

Chapter 1 Climate in 2016 Chapter 1 Climate in 2016 1.1 Global climate summary Extremely high temperatures were frequently observed in many regions of the world, and in particular continued for most of the year in various places

More information

ENSO Outlook by JMA. Hiroyuki Sugimoto. El Niño Monitoring and Prediction Group Climate Prediction Division Japan Meteorological Agency

ENSO Outlook by JMA. Hiroyuki Sugimoto. El Niño Monitoring and Prediction Group Climate Prediction Division Japan Meteorological Agency ENSO Outlook by JMA Hiroyuki Sugimoto El Niño Monitoring and Prediction Group Climate Prediction Division Outline 1. ENSO impacts on the climate 2. Current Conditions 3. Prediction by JMA/MRI-CGCM 4. Summary

More information

ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 24 September 2012

ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 24 September 2012 ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 24 September 2012 Outline Overview Recent Evolution and Current Conditions Oceanic Niño

More information

Dynamics of the Atmosphere. General circulation of the atmosphere

Dynamics of the Atmosphere. General circulation of the atmosphere 12.810 Dynamics of the Atmosphere General circulation of the atmosphere 1 Spinup of the general circulation in an idealized model Fig. 1 Schneider, General circulation of the atmosphere, 2006 2 Sigma 0.2

More information

ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 5 August 2013

ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 5 August 2013 ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 5 August 2013 Outline Overview Recent Evolution and Current Conditions Oceanic Niño Index

More information

GPC Exeter forecast for winter Crown copyright Met Office

GPC Exeter forecast for winter Crown copyright Met Office GPC Exeter forecast for winter 2015-2016 Global Seasonal Forecast System version 5 (GloSea5) ensemble prediction system the source for Met Office monthly and seasonal forecasts uses a coupled model (atmosphere

More information

ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 11 November 2013

ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 11 November 2013 ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 11 November 2013 Outline Overview Recent Evolution and Current Conditions Oceanic Niño Index

More information

INFLUENCE OF LARGE-SCALE ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE FLUXES ON THE INTERANNUAL TO MULTIDECADAL RAINFALL VARIABILITY OF THE WEST AFRICAN MONSOON

INFLUENCE OF LARGE-SCALE ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE FLUXES ON THE INTERANNUAL TO MULTIDECADAL RAINFALL VARIABILITY OF THE WEST AFRICAN MONSOON 3C.4 INFLUENCE OF LARGE-SCALE ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE FLUXES ON THE INTERANNUAL TO MULTIDECADAL RAINFALL VARIABILITY OF THE WEST AFRICAN MONSOON Andreas H. Fink*, and Sonja Eikenberg University of Cologne,

More information

Lecture 1. Amplitude of the seasonal cycle in temperature

Lecture 1. Amplitude of the seasonal cycle in temperature Lecture 6 Lecture 1 Ocean circulation Forcing and large-scale features Amplitude of the seasonal cycle in temperature 1 Atmosphere and ocean heat transport Trenberth and Caron (2001) False-colour satellite

More information

ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 25 February 2013

ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 25 February 2013 ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 25 February 2013 Outline Overview Recent Evolution and Current Conditions Oceanic Niño Index

More information

Interannual variability of top-ofatmosphere. CERES instruments

Interannual variability of top-ofatmosphere. CERES instruments Interannual variability of top-ofatmosphere albedo observed by CERES instruments Seiji Kato NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA SORCE Science team meeting, Sedona, Arizona, Sep. 13-16, 2011 TOA irradiance

More information

ENSO: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by: Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 30 October 2017

ENSO: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by: Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 30 October 2017 ENSO: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions Update prepared by: Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 30 October 2017 Outline Summary Recent Evolution and Current Conditions Oceanic Niño Index (ONI)

More information

NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE. On the Seasonality of the Hadley Cell

NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE. On the Seasonality of the Hadley Cell 1522 JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES VOLUME 60 NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE On the Seasonality of the Hadley Cell IOANA M. DIMA AND JOHN M. WALLACE Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington,

More information

Introduction to Climate ~ Part I ~

Introduction to Climate ~ Part I ~ 2015/11/16 TCC Seminar JMA Introduction to Climate ~ Part I ~ Shuhei MAEDA (MRI/JMA) Climate Research Department Meteorological Research Institute (MRI/JMA) 1 Outline of the lecture 1. Climate System (

More information

NOAA 2015 Updated Atlantic Hurricane Season Outlook

NOAA 2015 Updated Atlantic Hurricane Season Outlook NOAA 2015 Updated Atlantic Hurricane Season Outlook Dr. Gerry Bell Lead Seasonal Forecaster Climate Prediction Center/ NOAA/ NWS Collaboration With National Hurricane Center/ NOAA/ NWS Hurricane Research

More information

ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP July 26, 2004

ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP July 26, 2004 ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP July 26, 2004 Outline Overview Recent Evolution and Current Conditions Oceanic NiZo Index

More information

CHAPTER 4. THE HADLEY CIRCULATION 59 smaller than that in midlatitudes. This is illustrated in Fig. 4.2 which shows the departures from zonal symmetry

CHAPTER 4. THE HADLEY CIRCULATION 59 smaller than that in midlatitudes. This is illustrated in Fig. 4.2 which shows the departures from zonal symmetry Chapter 4 THE HADLEY CIRCULATION The early work on the mean meridional circulation of the tropics was motivated by observations of the trade winds. Halley (1686) and Hadley (1735) concluded that the trade

More information

Global Ocean Monitoring: A Synthesis of Atmospheric and Oceanic Analysis

Global Ocean Monitoring: A Synthesis of Atmospheric and Oceanic Analysis Extended abstract for the 3 rd WCRP International Conference on Reanalysis held in Tokyo, Japan, on Jan. 28 Feb. 1, 2008 Global Ocean Monitoring: A Synthesis of Atmospheric and Oceanic Analysis Yan Xue,

More information

Primary Factors Contributing to Japan's Extremely Hot Summer of 2010

Primary Factors Contributing to Japan's Extremely Hot Summer of 2010 temperature anomalies by its standard deviation for JJA 2010 Primary Factors Contributing to Japan's Extremely Hot Summer of 2010 Nobuyuki Kayaba Climate Prediction Division,Japan Meteorological Agancy

More information

General Circulation of Basic Atmospheric Parameters over a Low Latitude Station (Hyderabad)

General Circulation of Basic Atmospheric Parameters over a Low Latitude Station (Hyderabad) IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) e-issn: 2278-4861.Volume 7, Issue 3 Ver. III (May. - Jun. 2015), PP 01-05 www.iosrjournals.org General Circulation of Basic Atmospheric Parameters over a Low

More information

ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 15 July 2013

ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 15 July 2013 ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 15 July 2013 Outline Overview Recent Evolution and Current Conditions Oceanic Niño Index

More information

no eddies eddies Figure 3. Simulated surface winds. Surface winds no eddies u, v m/s φ0 =12 φ0 =0

no eddies eddies Figure 3. Simulated surface winds. Surface winds no eddies u, v m/s φ0 =12 φ0 =0 References Held, Isaac M., and Hou, A. Y., 1980: Nonlinear axially symmetric circulations in a nearly inviscid atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 37, 515-533. Held, Isaac M., and Suarez, M. J., 1994: A proposal

More information

ENSO: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by: Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 9 November 2015

ENSO: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions. Update prepared by: Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 9 November 2015 ENSO: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions Update prepared by: Climate Prediction Center / NCEP 9 November 2015 Outline Summary Recent Evolution and Current Conditions Oceanic Niño Index (ONI)

More information

Climate Forecast Applications Network (CFAN)

Climate Forecast Applications Network (CFAN) Forecast of 2018 Atlantic Hurricane Activity April 5, 2018 Summary CFAN s inaugural April seasonal forecast for Atlantic tropical cyclone activity is based on systematic interactions among ENSO, stratospheric

More information

The Impact of the Extratropical Transition of Typhoon Dale (1996) on the Early Wintertime Stratospheric Circulation

The Impact of the Extratropical Transition of Typhoon Dale (1996) on the Early Wintertime Stratospheric Circulation The Impact of the Extratropical Transition of Typhoon Dale (1996) on the Early 1996-97 Wintertime Stratospheric Circulation Andrea L. Lang 1, Jason M. Cordeira 2, Lance F. Bosart 1 and Daniel Keyser 1

More information

Characteristics of Global Precipitable Water Revealed by COSMIC Measurements

Characteristics of Global Precipitable Water Revealed by COSMIC Measurements Characteristics of Global Precipitable Water Revealed by COSMIC Measurements Ching-Yuang Huang 1,2, Wen-Hsin Teng 1, Shu-Peng Ho 3, Ying-Hwa Kuo 3, and Xin-Jia Zhou 3 1 Department of Atmospheric Sciences,

More information

C

C C 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.0-0.2-0.6 Fig. 1. SST-wind relation in the North Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Left panel: COADS SST (color shade), surface wind vectors, and SLP regressed upon the Pacific Decadal Oscillation

More information

ROSSBY WAVE PROPAGATION

ROSSBY WAVE PROPAGATION ROSSBY WAVE PROPAGATION (PHH lecture 4) The presence of a gradient of PV (or q.-g. p.v.) allows slow wave motions generally called Rossby waves These waves arise through the Rossby restoration mechanism,

More information

Introduction to Isentropic Coordinates: a new view of mean meridional & eddy circulations. Cristiana Stan

Introduction to Isentropic Coordinates: a new view of mean meridional & eddy circulations. Cristiana Stan Introduction to Isentropic Coordinates: a new view of mean meridional & eddy circulations Cristiana Stan School and Conference on the General Circulation of the Atmosphere and Oceans: a Modern Perspective

More information

Representation of the stratosphere in ECMWF operations and ERA-40

Representation of the stratosphere in ECMWF operations and ERA-40 Representation of the stratosphere in ECMWF operations and ERA-40 History Time series of forecast verification statistics Wind increments, PV and parametrized gravity-wave drag Forecast accuracy: The Antarctic

More information

CPTEC and NCEP Model Forecast Drift and South America during the Southern Hemisphere Summer

CPTEC and NCEP Model Forecast Drift and South America during the Southern Hemisphere Summer CPTEC and NCEP Model Forecast Drift and South America during the Southern Hemisphere Summer José Antonio Aravéquia 1 Pedro L. Silva Dias 2 (1) Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Research National

More information

The meteorology of monsoons

The meteorology of monsoons 978--521-84799-5 - The Asian Monsoon: Causes, History and Effects 1 The meteorology of monsoons 1.1 Introduction Monsoon circulations are major features of the tropical atmosphere, which, primarily through

More information

HEIGHT-LATITUDE STRUCTURE OF PLANETARY WAVES IN THE STRATOSPHERE AND TROPOSPHERE. V. Guryanov, A. Fahrutdinova, S. Yurtaeva

HEIGHT-LATITUDE STRUCTURE OF PLANETARY WAVES IN THE STRATOSPHERE AND TROPOSPHERE. V. Guryanov, A. Fahrutdinova, S. Yurtaeva HEIGHT-LATITUDE STRUCTURE OF PLANETARY WAVES IN THE STRATOSPHERE AND TROPOSPHERE INTRODUCTION V. Guryanov, A. Fahrutdinova, S. Yurtaeva Kazan State University, Kazan, Russia When constructing empirical

More information

The General Circulation of the Atmosphere: A Numerical Experiment

The General Circulation of the Atmosphere: A Numerical Experiment The General Circulation of the Atmosphere: A Numerical Experiment Norman A. Phillips (1956) Presentation by Lukas Strebel and Fabian Thüring Goal of the Model Numerically predict the mean state of the

More information

P2.18 Recent trend of Hadley and Walker circulation shown in water vapor transport potential

P2.18 Recent trend of Hadley and Walker circulation shown in water vapor transport potential P.8 Recent trend of Hadley and Walker circulation shown in water vapor transport potential Seong-Chan Park and *Byung-Ju Sohn School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National University, Seoul,

More information

Eliassen-Palm Theory

Eliassen-Palm Theory Eliassen-Palm Theory David Painemal MPO611 April 2007 I. Introduction The separation of the flow into its zonal average and the deviations therefrom has been a dominant paradigm for analyses of the general

More information

1. Introduction. 2. Verification of the 2010 forecasts. Research Brief 2011/ February 2011

1. Introduction. 2. Verification of the 2010 forecasts. Research Brief 2011/ February 2011 Research Brief 2011/01 Verification of Forecasts of Tropical Cyclone Activity over the Western North Pacific and Number of Tropical Cyclones Making Landfall in South China and the Korea and Japan region

More information

The Influence of Intraseasonal Variations on Medium- to Extended-Range Weather Forecasts over South America

The Influence of Intraseasonal Variations on Medium- to Extended-Range Weather Forecasts over South America 486 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW The Influence of Intraseasonal Variations on Medium- to Extended-Range Weather Forecasts over South America CHARLES JONES Institute for Computational Earth System Science (ICESS),

More information

The ECMWF coupled data assimilation system

The ECMWF coupled data assimilation system The ECMWF coupled data assimilation system Patrick Laloyaux Acknowledgments: Magdalena Balmaseda, Kristian Mogensen, Peter Janssen, Dick Dee August 21, 214 Patrick Laloyaux (ECMWF) CERA August 21, 214

More information

General Circulation of the Atmosphere. René Garreaud

General Circulation of the Atmosphere. René Garreaud General Circulation of the Atmosphere René Garreaud www.dgf.uchile.cl/rene General circulation of the Atmosphere Low latitude areas receive more solar energy than high latitudes (because of earth sphericity).

More information

Climate of an Earth- like Aquaplanet: the high- obliquity case and the <dally- locked case

Climate of an Earth- like Aquaplanet: the high- obliquity case and the <dally- locked case Climate of an Earth- like Aquaplanet: the high- obliquity case and the

More information

Vertical wind shear in relation to frequency of Monsoon Depressions and Tropical Cyclones of Indian Seas

Vertical wind shear in relation to frequency of Monsoon Depressions and Tropical Cyclones of Indian Seas Vertical wind shear in relation to frequency of Monsoon Depressions and Tropical Cyclones of Indian Seas Prince K. Xavier and P.V. Joseph Department of Atmospheric Sciences Cochin University of Science

More information

(c) (a) (d) (b) JJA DJF. V850 Hulu Cave. V850 Hulu Cave V1000 V1000. Dongge Cave. Dongge Cave. Lake Huguang Maar.

(c) (a) (d) (b) JJA DJF. V850 Hulu Cave. V850 Hulu Cave V1000 V1000. Dongge Cave. Dongge Cave. Lake Huguang Maar. NCEP-DOE (1981-2010) TraCE21ka (a) (c) JJA Dongge Cave V850 Hulu Cave Dongge Cave V850 Hulu Cave (b) (d) DJF Lake Huguang Maar V1000 Lake Huguang Maar V1000 Supplementary Figure 1 Climatology of EASM and

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Figure S1. Summary of the climatic responses to the Gulf Stream. On the offshore flank of the SST front (black dashed curve) of the Gulf Stream (green long arrow), surface wind convergence associated with

More information

Benguela Niño/Niña events and their connection with southern Africa rainfall have been documented before. They involve a weakening of the trade winds

Benguela Niño/Niña events and their connection with southern Africa rainfall have been documented before. They involve a weakening of the trade winds Benguela Niño/Niña events and their connection with southern Africa rainfall have been documented before. They involve a weakening of the trade winds in the equatorial western Atlantic in the early monsoon,

More information

( δx ) = δ dx = δu, etc. Course , General Circulation of the Earth's Atmosphere Prof. Peter Stone Section 2: Analysis Techniques

( δx ) = δ dx = δu, etc. Course , General Circulation of the Earth's Atmosphere Prof. Peter Stone Section 2: Analysis Techniques Course 12.812, General Circulation of the Earth's Atmosphere Prof. Peter Stone Section 2: Analysis Techniques Pressure Coordinates: Most meteorological measurements are made in pressure coordinates, e.g.,

More information

An Assessment of Contemporary Global Reanalyses in the Polar Regions

An Assessment of Contemporary Global Reanalyses in the Polar Regions An Assessment of Contemporary Global Reanalyses in the Polar Regions David H. Bromwich Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center and Atmospheric Sciences Program, Department of Geography The

More information

Pacific Storm Track at Different Horizontal Resolutions Snap-shot of Column Liquid Water Content

Pacific Storm Track at Different Horizontal Resolutions Snap-shot of Column Liquid Water Content Color Plates Pacific Storm Track at Different Horizontal Resolutions Snap-shot of Column Liquid Water Content Fig. 2.8 A snapshot of the cyclone frontal-system by a nonhydrostatic model run with two very

More information

Is Antarctic climate most sensitive to ozone depletion in the middle or lower stratosphere?

Is Antarctic climate most sensitive to ozone depletion in the middle or lower stratosphere? Click Here for Full Article GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 34, L22812, doi:10.1029/2007gl031238, 2007 Is Antarctic climate most sensitive to ozone depletion in the middle or lower stratosphere? S.

More information

Introduction to tropical meteorology and deep convection

Introduction to tropical meteorology and deep convection Introduction to tropical meteorology and deep convection TMD Lecture 1 Roger K. Smith University of Munich A satpix tour of the tropics The zonal mean circulation (Hadley circulation), Inter- Tropical

More information

Meridional structure of the downwelling branch of the BDC Susann Tegtmeier

Meridional structure of the downwelling branch of the BDC Susann Tegtmeier Meridional structure of the downwelling branch of the BDC Susann Tegtmeier Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR), Germany SPARC Brewer-Dobson Circulation Workshop, Grindelwald, June 2012 no

More information

OSSE to infer the impact of Arctic AMVs extracted from highly elliptical orbit imagery

OSSE to infer the impact of Arctic AMVs extracted from highly elliptical orbit imagery OSSE to infer the impact of Arctic AMVs extracted from highly elliptical orbit imagery L. Garand 1 Y. Rochon 1, S. Heilliette 1, J. Feng 1, A.P. Trishchenko 2 1 Environment Canada, 2 Canada Center for

More information

The effect of ocean mixed layer depth on climate in slab ocean aquaplanet ABSTRACT

The effect of ocean mixed layer depth on climate in slab ocean aquaplanet ABSTRACT Climate Dynamics manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) 1 2 The effect of ocean mixed layer depth on climate in slab ocean aquaplanet experiments. 3 Aaron Donohoe Dargan Frierson 4 5 Manuscript

More information

Pacific HYCOM. E. Joseph Metzger, Harley E. Hurlburt, Alan J. Wallcraft, Luis Zamudio and Patrick J. Hogan

Pacific HYCOM. E. Joseph Metzger, Harley E. Hurlburt, Alan J. Wallcraft, Luis Zamudio and Patrick J. Hogan Pacific HYCOM E. Joseph Metzger, Harley E. Hurlburt, Alan J. Wallcraft, Luis Zamudio and Patrick J. Hogan Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies,

More information

Maintenance of Circulation Anomalies during the 1988 Drought and 1993 Floods over the United States

Maintenance of Circulation Anomalies during the 1988 Drought and 1993 Floods over the United States Department of Physical Sciences - Daytona Beach College of Arts & Sciences 9-1-1998 Maintenance of Circulation Anomalies during the 1988 Drought and 1993 Floods over the United States Alan Z. Liu Embry

More information

Today s Lecture (Lecture 5): General circulation of the atmosphere

Today s Lecture (Lecture 5): General circulation of the atmosphere Climate Dynamics (Summer Semester 2017) J. Mülmenstädt Today s Lecture (Lecture 5): General circulation of the atmosphere Reference Hartmann, Global Physical Climatology (1994), Ch. 2, 3, 6 Peixoto and

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Intensification of Northern Hemisphere Subtropical Highs in a Warming Climate Wenhong Li, Laifang Li, Mingfang Ting, and Yimin Liu 1. Data and Methods The data used in this study consists of the atmospheric

More information

Department of Meteorology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii

Department of Meteorology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 478 J O U R N A L O F C L I M A T E VOLUME 0 Horizontal and Vertical Structures of the Northward-Propagating Intraseasonal Oscillation in the South Asian Monsoon Region Simulated by an Intermediate Model*

More information

Four ways of inferring the MMC. 1. direct measurement of [v] 2. vorticity balance. 3. total energy balance

Four ways of inferring the MMC. 1. direct measurement of [v] 2. vorticity balance. 3. total energy balance Four ways of inferring the MMC 1. direct measurement of [v] 2. vorticity balance 3. total energy balance 4. eliminating time derivatives in governing equations Four ways of inferring the MMC 1. direct

More information

Lab Activity: Climate Variables

Lab Activity: Climate Variables Name: Date: Period: Water and Climate The Physical Setting: Earth Science Lab Activity: Climate Variables INTRODUCTION:! The state of the atmosphere continually changes over time in response to the uneven

More information

The general circulation: midlatitude storms

The general circulation: midlatitude storms The general circulation: midlatitude storms Motivation for this class Provide understanding basic motions of the atmosphere: Ability to diagnose individual weather systems, and predict how they will change

More information

Fig Operational climatological regions and locations of stations

Fig Operational climatological regions and locations of stations 1. Explanatory notes 1.1 About the Annual Report on Climate System The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) has published the Annual Report on Climate System (CD-ROM version) since 1997. From 2008, a new

More information

Impact of METOP ASCAT Ocean Surface Winds in the NCEP GDAS/GFS and NRL NAVDAS

Impact of METOP ASCAT Ocean Surface Winds in the NCEP GDAS/GFS and NRL NAVDAS Impact of METOP ASCAT Ocean Surface Winds in the NCEP GDAS/GFS and NRL NAVDAS COAMPS @ Li Bi 1,2 James Jung 3,4 Michael Morgan 5 John F. Le Marshall 6 Nancy Baker 2 Dave Santek 3 1 University Corporation

More information

Adiabatic expansion Isothermal compression Adiabatic compression

Adiabatic expansion Isothermal compression Adiabatic compression Tropical Cyclones: Steady State Physics 1 Energy Production 2 Carnot Theorem: Maximum efficiency results from a pa rticular energy e cycle: Isothermal expansion Adiabatic expansion Isothermal compression

More information

The stratospheric response to extratropical torques and its relationship with the annular mode

The stratospheric response to extratropical torques and its relationship with the annular mode The stratospheric response to extratropical torques and its relationship with the annular mode Peter Watson 1, Lesley Gray 1,2 1. Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Oxford University 2. National

More information

An Examination of Anomalously Low Column Ozone in the Southern Hemisphere Midlatitudes During 1997

An Examination of Anomalously Low Column Ozone in the Southern Hemisphere Midlatitudes During 1997 San Jose State University From the SelectedWorks of Eugene C. Cordero April, 2002 An Examination of Anomalously Low Column Ozone in the Southern Hemisphere Midlatitudes During 1997 Eugene C. Cordero, San

More information

Identifying the MJO Skeleton in Observational Data

Identifying the MJO Skeleton in Observational Data . Identifying the MJO Skeleton in Observational Data Sam Stechmann, Wisconsin Andrew Majda, NYU World Weather Open Science Conference August 20, 2014 Montreal, Canada Theoretical prediction of MJO structure

More information

Arctic Climate Change. Glen Lesins Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie University Create Summer School, Alliston, July 2013

Arctic Climate Change. Glen Lesins Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie University Create Summer School, Alliston, July 2013 Arctic Climate Change Glen Lesins Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie University Create Summer School, Alliston, July 2013 When was this published? Observational Evidence for Arctic

More information

Intraseasonal Oscillations and Interannual Variability of the Indian Summer Monsoon

Intraseasonal Oscillations and Interannual Variability of the Indian Summer Monsoon 1180 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE Intraseasonal Oscillations and Interannual Variability of the Indian Summer Monsoon B. N. GOSWAMI AND R. S. AJAYA MOHAN Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute

More information

Impact of Eurasian spring snow decrement on East Asian summer precipitation

Impact of Eurasian spring snow decrement on East Asian summer precipitation Impact of Eurasian spring snow decrement on East Asian summer precipitation Renhe Zhang 1,2 Ruonan Zhang 2 Zhiyan Zuo 2 1 Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University 2 Chinese Academy of Meteorological

More information

High initial time sensitivity of medium range forecasting observed for a stratospheric sudden warming

High initial time sensitivity of medium range forecasting observed for a stratospheric sudden warming GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 37,, doi:10.1029/2010gl044119, 2010 High initial time sensitivity of medium range forecasting observed for a stratospheric sudden warming Yuhji Kuroda 1 Received 27 May

More information

Lecture on outline of JMA s interactive tool for analysis of climate system

Lecture on outline of JMA s interactive tool for analysis of climate system Lecture on outline of JMA s interactive tool for analysis of climate system November 4, 2008 Ushida Shingo Climate Prediction Division of JMA Introduction To announce advanced information about climate

More information

Patterns and impacts of ocean warming and heat uptake

Patterns and impacts of ocean warming and heat uptake Patterns and impacts of ocean warming and heat uptake Shang-Ping Xie Scripps Inst of Oceanography, UCSD Ocean warming & circulation change Ocean heat uptake & meridional overturning circulation Global

More information

Variations in the Mechanical Energy Cycle of the Atmosphere

Variations in the Mechanical Energy Cycle of the Atmosphere Variations in the echanical nergy Cycle of the Atmosphere Liming Li * Andrew P. Ingersoll Xun Jiang Yuk L. Yung Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 ast

More information

The Interannual Relationship between the Latitude of the Eddy-Driven Jet and the Edge of the Hadley Cell

The Interannual Relationship between the Latitude of the Eddy-Driven Jet and the Edge of the Hadley Cell 15 JANUARY 2011 K A N G A N D P O L V A N I 563 The Interannual Relationship between the Latitude of the Eddy-Driven Jet and the Edge of the Hadley Cell SARAH M. KANG Department of Applied Physics and

More information

Thai Meteorological Department, Ministry of Digital Economy and Society

Thai Meteorological Department, Ministry of Digital Economy and Society Thai Meteorological Department, Ministry of Digital Economy and Society Three-month Climate Outlook For November 2017 January 2018 Issued on 31 October 2017 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

More information

Lecture 11: Meridonal structure of the atmosphere

Lecture 11: Meridonal structure of the atmosphere Lecture 11: Meridonal structure of the atmosphere September 28, 2003 1 Meridional structure of the atmosphere In previous lectures we have focussed on the vertical structure of the atmosphere. Today, we

More information

http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/data/composites.html Red curve: Incoming solar radiation Blue curve: Outgoing infrared radiation. Three-cell model of general circulation Mid-latitudes: 30 to 60 latitude MID-LATITUDES

More information

Impact of the 2002 stratospheric warming in the southern hemisphere on the tropical cirrus clouds and convective activity

Impact of the 2002 stratospheric warming in the southern hemisphere on the tropical cirrus clouds and convective activity The Third International SOWER meeting,, Lake Shikotsu,, July 18-20, 2006 1 Impact of the 2002 stratospheric warming in the southern hemisphere on the tropical cirrus clouds and convective activity Eguchi,

More information

(after Stephens et al. 2012)

(after Stephens et al. 2012) Energy Balance Incoming solar radiation 34 Reflected solar radiation Outgoing longwave radiation 1 24 TOA 75 Atmospheric absorption Atmospheric reflection 77 Atmospheric window 4 165 35 Clear Sky Cloud

More information

Summary of 2005/2006 La Niña Event

Summary of 2005/2006 La Niña Event No. 5 July 2006 Contents Summary of 2005/2006 La Niña Event 1 Coming soon: Climate Change Monitoring Report 2005 4 Sea ice conditions in the Sea of Okhotsk in the 2005/2006 winter season 4 Summary of yellow

More information

Introduction to Isentropic Coordinates:! a new view of mean meridional & eddy circulations" Cristiana Stan

Introduction to Isentropic Coordinates:! a new view of mean meridional & eddy circulations Cristiana Stan Introduction to Isentropic Coordinates:! a new view of mean meridional & eddy circulations" Cristiana Stan School and Conference on the General Circulation of the Atmosphere and Oceans: a Modern Perspective!

More information

New filtering options in CAM

New filtering options in CAM AMWG, February, 2010 New filtering options in CAM Peter Hjort Lauritzen (NCAR) Art Mirin (LLNL) John Truesdale (NCAR) Kevin Raeder (NCAR) Jeff Anderson (NCAR) Why new filtering options in CAM4? 1. Excessive

More information

Researcher. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences. University of Wisconsin-Madison W. Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706

Researcher. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences. University of Wisconsin-Madison W. Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706 Researcher Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison 1225 W. Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706 http://www.aos.wisc.edu/~meteor75 rowe1@wisc.edu PUBLICATIONS Rowe, S.

More information

The benefits and developments in ensemble wind forecasting

The benefits and developments in ensemble wind forecasting The benefits and developments in ensemble wind forecasting Erik Andersson Slide 1 ECMWF European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Slide 1 ECMWF s global forecasting system High resolution forecast

More information

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS USING CLOUD MOTION WINDS AT ECMWF GRAEME KELLY. ECMWF, Shinfield Park, Reading ABSTRACT

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS USING CLOUD MOTION WINDS AT ECMWF GRAEME KELLY. ECMWF, Shinfield Park, Reading ABSTRACT NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS USING CLOUD MOTION WINDS AT ECMWF GRAEME KELLY ECMWF, Shinfield Park, Reading ABSTRACT Recent monitoring of cloud motion winds (SATOBs) at ECMWF has shown an improvement in quality.

More information

Figure I.1-1 Annual mean temperature anomalies 2016 Circles indicate temperature anomalies from the baseline averaged in 5 x 5 grid boxes.

Figure I.1-1 Annual mean temperature anomalies 2016 Circles indicate temperature anomalies from the baseline averaged in 5 x 5 grid boxes. Topics I Post-El Niño The annual anomaly of the global average surface temperature in 2016 was +0.45ºC above the 1981 2010 average, which was the highest since 1891. The mean surface temperature in Japan

More information

The JRA-55 Reanalysis: quality control and reprocessing of observational data

The JRA-55 Reanalysis: quality control and reprocessing of observational data The JRA-55 Reanalysis: quality control and reprocessing of observational data Kazutoshi Onogi On behalf of JRA group Japan Meteorological Agency 29 October 2014 EASCOF 1 1. Introduction 1. Introduction

More information