Indian National (Weather) SATellites for Agrometeorological Applications

Transcription

1 Indian National (Weather) SATellites for Agrometeorological Applications Bimal K. Bhattacharya Agriculture-Terrestrial Biosphere- Hydrology Group Space Applications Centre (ISRO) Ahmedabad , India bkbhattacharya@sac.isro.gov.in

2 1990 INSAT-1D VHRR 1992 INSAT-2A VHRR INSAT-2B VHRR 1999 INSAT-2E VHRR, CCD (1 KM) METSAT-1 VHRR 2 Km(vis); 8 Km(IR & WV) INSAT-3A VHRR 2 Km(vis); 8 Km(IR & WV) CCD 1 Km 1995/1997 IRS-P3 WiFS, MOS X-Ray IRS-P4 (OCEANSAT-1) OCM, MSMR IRS-P6(RESOURCESAT) PRESENT LISS /140 Km IRS-P5 (CARTOSAT-I) LISS 4-5.8M/ 27Km PAN 2.5 m stereo AWiFS - 55M/ 730 Km 2007 IRS-1C/1D LISS-3 (23/70M) STEERABLE PAN (5.8 M) WiFS (188M) IRS-P7 (CARTOSAT-II) PAN 0.85 m

3 Suite of Indian geostationary Sensors Satellite Sensor Bands ( m) Spatial res. Kalpana -1 VHRR VIS ( ) 2km x 2km VHRR WV ( ), Thermal IR ( ) 8km x 8km INSAT 3A CCD Red ( ), NIR( ), SWIR ( ) 1km x 1km INSAT 3D Imager VIS( ), SWIR( ) 1km x 1km (2011) MIR( ) 4km x 4km WV( ), TIR1( ), TIR2( ) 4km x 4km Sounder 19 channels 10km x 10km Geo-HR Imager Red, NIR, SWIR 100m X 100m (2015) Thermal IR 1 km X 1km KALPANA - 1 VHRR INSAT 3A CCD Optical band Water Vapour band Thermal Infrared band Optical bands VIS : 2km WV-day : 8km TIR-day : 8km TIR-night : 8km CCD FCC : 1km

4 Flow of INSAT 3A CCD NDVI operational product generation F C C 0300 GMT 0400 GMT 0500 GMT 0700 GMT 0900 GMT RED DN SWIR DN NIR DN F C C MODIS ozone (Dobson) Cloud masking Level 1A correction Molecular scattering (Rayleigh) Level 1B & 1C correction Cloud masking DEM (m) MODIS AOD (tau 550 ) Before noon (<1200 hrs) Mie scattering N D V I MODIS precipitable water (cm) Afternoon (>1200 hrs)

5 VEGETATION DYNAMICS FROM INSAT 3A CCD 25 May to 9June June to 25 June June to 11 July July to 27 July July to 12 Aug Aug to 28 Aug Aug to13 Sept Sept to 29 Sept Sept to 15 Oct Oct to 31Oct 08 1 Nov to 16 Nov Nov to 2 Dec 08 3 Dec to 18 Dec 08 2 Feb to 17 Feb Feb to 05 Mar 09 6 Mar to 21Mar Mar to 6 April 09 7 April to 22 April April to 30 April

6 Flow Chart for rainfall estimation from INSAT VHRR (Gairola et al. 2008) INSAT TIR, WV Data 3 Hourly Image Conversion from Grey Count to TBs Look Up Table for Calibration IR and WV - Cloud Classification Grid Average of IR TBs ( x ) Satellite Microwave Rainfall (TRMM/SSMI) Collocation of IR TBs and MW Rainfall Grid Avg. Rainfall ( x ) Estimation of Rainfall Rainfall product Model PW & RH Forecast PW & RH Correction Corrected Rainfall Estimation Rainfall Validation/ Fine Tuning (DWR/SFRG) Final Rain Rate, Daily, Pentad, monthly & Seasonal Rainfall

7 Experimental product Land surface temperature (LST) Original VHRR thermal IR data Precipitable water K Correction for atmospheric water vapour & surface emissivity cm Characteristic vertical tropospheric air temperature profiles and AIRS sounder based surface air temperature Surface Emissivity K1VHRR LST K K1VHRR LST (K) at 0.08 o grid r = 0.93, n = 1446 RMSE = 2.30 K 1:1 Line Aggregated MODIS AQUA LST(K) at 0.08 o grid

8 Agromet Applications Late season drought detection from NDVI Identification of cold wave zone Disaster (flood) Evapotranspiration monitoring for stress detection & productivity mapping

9 Late season agricultural drought detection from INSAT 3A CCD NDVI 30 th Sept to 15 th Oct th Sept to 15 th Oct 2009 IMD June-Sept 2009 NDVI ranges th Oct to 31 st Oct th Oct to 31 st Oct 2009

10 Capturing Coldwave spell over Northwestern India during January and February 2008 using nighttime thermal infrared data from Kalpana-1 VHRR 19 Jan Jan Jan 08 o C Feb 08 7 Feb 08 8 Feb 08 9 Feb 08

11 Capturing damaging events : Koshi flood 2008 from 3A CCD 22 Aug Aug Sept Sept Sept Sept 2008

12 Nov05_dekad2 Nov05_dekad3 Dec05_dekad1 Jan06_dekad1 Feb06_dekad1 Feb06_dekad2 Feb06_dekad3 Mar06_dekad1 Mar06_dekad2 Nov05_dekad2 Nov05_dekad3 Dec05_dekad1 Jan06_dekad1 Feb06_dekad1 Feb06_dekad2 Feb06_dekad3 Mar06_dekad1 Mar06_dekad2 Nov05_dekad2 Nov05_dekad3 Dec05_dekad1 Jan06_dekad1 Feb06_dekad1 Feb06_dekad2 Feb06_dekad Trans Gangetic Plain Agriculture 7.5 Forest Forest AET (mm d -1 ) AET (mm d-1) AET (mm d -1 ) Mar06_dekad1 Mar06_dekad2 Monthly Actual and Relative Evapotranspiration during rabi season using surface energy balance approach AET November AET December AET January AET February AET March Desert Desert RET November RET December RET January RET February RET March mm d >1.0

13 Automated Microclimate in situ observational Network Using INSAT Communication Transponder A recent Initiative from ISRO

14 Defining 10 m INSAT- uplinked micrometeorological tower for short (2-3m) vegetation Agro- Met Station (AMS)

15 Micromet tower network in India C R O P G R A S S W E T L A N D Selection criteria : fetch ratio (1:50 to 1:100), Agroclimate, vegetation, soil type D E S E R T

16 Forecasting Agricultural out put using Space, Agrometeorology and Land based observations (FASAL) Conventional Econometry Agro Meteorology Cropped area Land Observations Crop condition RS, Mod. Re. Temporal Remote Sensing RS, High Re. Single date Crop acreage Crop yield MULTIPLE IN-SEASON FORECAST Pre- Season Early- Season Mid- Season State Pre- Harvest State Pre- Harvest District Revised Incorporati ng damage

17 Thank you..