MAURITIUS METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES

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1 MAURITIUS METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES CLIMATE APRIL 2018 Introduction During the month of April, both summer and winter weather systems influenced the Mascarene Islands. A cold front influenced the weather from 15 to 16 and from 23 to 24 it was clouds associated with Severe Tropical Storm Fakir. Both ENSO and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) remained neutral. A wet phase of the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) was observed in the second fortnight. This contributed to the strengthening of the convective activity along the western equatorial Indian Ocean and around the same time tropical storm Fakir reached severe tropical storm intensity. 1. Rainfall Fig. 1: (a) Observed rainfall (b) rainfall anomaly (mm) Fig. 2: Regional rainfall distribution (based on 23 stations) Well above normal rainfall was recorded in April On two occasions during the first half of the month, Mauritius was influenced by unstable conditions which caused temporary flooding. This was namely from 04 to 06 and on 21 as shown in Figure 3(a) and (b). During the second half of the month, most of the rainfall was contributed by STS Fakir from 23 to 24. However, remnants of a cold front also gave showery weather from 16 to 17. A few regions had excess rainfall of over 350mm over the Central Plateau, and over 300 mm to the South (Figure 1(b)) and occasional flooding and water accumulations were observed. Highest 24- hour rainfall was observed on 04 in the region of Dubreuil which amounted to 220 mm.

2 (a) Unstable weather on 05 (b) Unstable weather on 21 (c) STS Fakir on 24 (d) Cool & Dry airmass on 27 Surface Temperature Fig 3: Weather systems during April 2018 A slight decrease in rainfall is observed in April rainfall during the last 50 years. April 2018 stands as the fifth wettest on record in the last 50 years and the wettest in the last 15 years. Fig. 4: Rainfall trend in the last 50 years for April.

3 2. Temperature Temperature was quite variable during the month. Even if on most days warm conditions were experienced, occasionally temperature plummeted below seasonal mean both at night and during the day. It was particularly warm to the extreme North, East, and Southeast and over part of Central Plateau where at certain stations it was warmer by over 4 C on certain days, notably on 12 and 19 (Fig. 7(a)). Highest daily maximum temperature reached 33.6 C at Port Louis. Warm events with consecutive warm days include 01-03, and Occasional drops in maximum temperatures were also observed. Cold days, over several stations, were observed from 04 to 05, on 14 and 24 and from 26 to 30. Most of the time the drop in maximum was due to cloud cover, particularly those associated with STS Fakir (Fig. 3(b)). However, in the last week, cold air associated with an anticyclone invaded the island (Fig. 3(d)). The number of cold days at some stations was as follows: 16eme Mille_Mon Bois (7), Moka (8), Belle Rive (5), Choisy (9), Le Morne (6) and Fuel (6). (a) Drops in minimum temperatures were mostly observed over the coastal areas (Fig. 6(b)). Widespread drop were observed during the period associated with the cold air advection during the last week. Mean monthly anomalies in daytime temperatures varied from -0.5 to +1.9 C and that of night time temperatures -0.9 to +1.3 C. Highest maximum temperature on record was observed during April 2018 at several stations namely at Mon Desert Mon Tresor (33 C), Gros Cailloux (33 C), Mon Loisir Rouillard (33 C), Nouvelle Decouverte (30.2 C) and Alma (29 C). (a) Fig. 5: (a) Maximum (b) Minimum temperature distribution

4 Some stations had up to 16 warm days (maximum temperature anomaly (anomax) >2 C). Stations Highest anomax ( C) Number of warm days. Union Park Riche en Eau Plaisance Belle Mare Providence Mon Desert Alma Queen Victoria Sauveterre Bois Cheri Reduit Mon Loisir Rouillard Vacoas Quatres Bornes Beau Songes (a ) (b ) Fig. 6: (a) Maximum (b) Minimum temperature anomaly Fig. 7: Daily maximum temperature anomalies at Vacoas and Plaisance Fig. 8: Daily minimum temperature anomalies at Vacoas and Plaisance

5 3. Sunshine and Humidity 4. Winds Fig. 9: Daily Relative Humidity: Vacoas (blue) and Plaisance (red) The monthly relative humidity was close to the mean both at Vacoas and Plaisance. Slightly more moist conditions prevailed during the first week while during the last week, with the advection of the cold air, the relative humidity dropped. This drop was quite marked in some regions located over the coastal areas and to the south. For instance, the humidity remained below 70% at Plaisance for the period 27 to 30. Fig. 10: Daily sunshine hours: Vacoas (blue) and Plaisance (red) Monthly mean sunshine hours were close at Vacoas (6.9 hours) while at Plaisance it was below by 0.8 hours. Persistent cloud cover from 04-05, 14 and 24 led to almost nil sunshine hours. This is in concurrence to the drop in maximum temperatures shown in Fig Winds Wind blew mainly from the eastern sector and occasionally reached 35 km/h (Fig. 11). Lighter winds were experienced mainly from the northern and western sectors. Southerly winds prevailed during the last week of the month and these accounted for the cold air advection. The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form is reserved by the Meteorological Services. Any part of this document may be reproduced provided complete source is acknowledged or after authorization from: Director, Meteorological Services, St Paul; Road Vacoas, Fig. 11: Wind frequency at Plaisance

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