Chapter 3 Packet. and causes seasons Earth tilted at 23.5 / 365 1/4 days = one year or revolution

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1 Name Chapter 3 Packet Sequence Section 1 Seasons and Weather : and causes seasons Earth tilted at 23.5 / 365 1/4 days = one year or revolution solstice - begins summer in N. hemisphere, longest day winter solstice - shortest day of the year - the days / nights are equal in length(begins spring / autumn hours equal one rotation creating day and night condition of atmosphere at a particular location and time - weather conditions at particular location over a long period of time (30 years) or avg. weather over an extended time - Precipitation Types : Convectional, Orographic (rain shadow), and Precipitation falls as - rain,, sleet, and hail Extreme Weather : hurricanes (typhoons/cyclones) / / blizzards / droughts / floods Section 2, p. 54 Climate s 4 influences : wind currents : wind and ocean currents, latitude,, and topography hot air flows to and cold air moves toward the (Coriolis effect where winds turn to right in Northern Hemisphere and in Southern Hemisphere they turn to the left since the earth rotates) ocean currents : currents flow away from the equator toward the poles and water flows back toward the equator Zones of latitude 1) low or 2) middle or 3) high or polar Elevation : OR air temperature drops about 3.5 for every 1000 or landforms (land elevation, layout, shape), affects climate warming of the waters off the west coast affects of S. Am. creates more rain for the Americas, Australia but dry conditions for Asia - wind blows warmer water to the lands on the western Pacific rim and increases rain in areas around India, dry on Pacific Am. coast - the layer of gases released by the burning of fossil fuels that traps solar energy, causing global temperature to increase p. 59 & - most important factors to determine climate

2 Wind with moisture Rainshadow Orographic Windward Lush Vegetation Leeward / Dry Frontal Convectional condensation air cools precipitation Cold dry air Warm moist air sun s heat air rises evaporation

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5 Lable each of the Main Climates, using the World Climate Chart. Each climate is used once.

6 The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming If it were not for greenhouse gases trapping heat in the atmosphere, the Earth would be a very cold place. Greenhouse gases keep the Earth warm through a process called the greenhouse effect. The Earth gets energy from the sun in the form of sunlight. The Earth's surface absorbs some of this energy and heats up. That's why the surface of a road can feel hot even after the sun has gone down because it has absorbed a lot of energy from the sun. The Earth cools down by giving off a different form of energy, called infrared radiation. But before all this radiation can escape to outer space, greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb some of it, which makes the atmosphere warmer. As the atmosphere gets warmer, it makes the Earth's surface warmer, too. More than 100 years ago, people around the world started burning large amounts of coal, oil, and natural gas to power their homes, factories, and vehicles. Today, most of the world relies on these fossil fuels for their energy needs. Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide, a heattrapping gas, into the atmosphere, which is the main reason why the climate is changing. Heat-trapping gases are also called greenhouse gases. They exist naturally in the atmosphere, where they help keep the Earth warm enough for plants and animals to live. But people are adding extra greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. These extra gases are causing the Earth to get warmer, setting off all sorts of other changes around the world on land, in the oceans, and in the atmosphere. And these changes affect people, plants, and animals in many ways. Carbon dioxide (54.7%) is the most important greenhouse gas emitted by humans, but several other gases contribute to climate change such as Methane (30%), fluorinated gases (.6%) and other gases (9.8%). Greenhouse gases come from all sorts of everyday activities, such as using electricity, heating homes and driving around town. The graph to the right shows which activities produce the most greenhouse gases in the US. These greenhouse gases don't just stay in one place after they're added to the atmosphere. As air moves around the world, greenhouse gases become globally mixed, which means the concentration of a greenhouse gas like carbon dioxide is roughly the same no matter where you measure it. Even though some countries produce more greenhouse gases than others, emissions from every country contribute to the problem. That's one reason why climate change requires global action. Which of the following statements are true? A. The Earth's average temperature has increased since the late 1800s, when people started burning a lot of coal, oil, and natural gas. B. Worldwide, was the warmest decade ever recorded. C. In the US, seven of the top 10 warmest years on record have occurred since 1990.