Preliminary Summary Report of Serious or Near Serious CAL FIRE Injuries, Illnesses and Accidents GREEN SHEET. Near Serious Accident 12/9/2017
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1 Preliminary Summary Report of Serious or Near Serious CAL FIRE Injuries, Illnesses and Accidents GREEN SHEET Near Serious Accident 12/9/2017 Thomas Incident 17-CA-VNC California Southern Region SUMMARY On the evening of December 9, 2017, the Thomas Fire in Ventura County, California made a significant run to the west. Four handcrews, two Type 6 engines and two Crew Strike Team Leaders took refuge in and around a clearing. One Emergency Crew Transport (ECT) sustained minor damage. All personnel were able to take refuge and suffered no injuries during the event. A local government dozer and all-terrain vehicle (ATV), staged in a different but proximal Temporary Refuge Area (TRA) were impacted by the fire and sustained significant damage. The operators of the dozer and ATV were off-duty for the night. Approximately an hour later and three miles to the southwest, an excavator with a masticating head, staged for the night, was also destroyed by fire. A Board of Review has not approved this Informational Summary Report. It is intended to enhance safety and training, aid in preventing future occurrences, and to inform interested parties. Because the report is published in a short time frame, the information contained herein is subject to revision as further investigation is conducted and/or additional information is developed.
2 Page 2 of 10 CONDITIONS Weather Beginning the last week of November, the area began drying out due to a persistent high pressure system that stalled out over the Great Basin area. This high pressure brought unseasonably high temperatures with low relative humidity (RH), and northeast winds to the southern California area. On December 1, 2017, the NWS (Oxnard office) put out a Fire Weather Warning for the Ventura and Santa Barbara areas, and upgraded it to a Red Flag Warning on December 2, The Red Flag Warning remained in effect throughout the incident. These warnings were issued due to high northeast winds with very low RH. Overnight humidity recovery was extremely poor, with values rarely getting above the low teens. On December 9, 2017, the weather forecast for 6:00 P.M. through 2:00 A.M., was for northeast winds of 8-15 mph with gusts to 25 and RH of 6-12%. This nighttime weather pattern and Red Flag Warning had been consistent throughout the incident. Temperature: 52 Fahrenheit Relative Humidity: 6-12% Winds: Forecasted northeast 8-15 mph with observed at 30 mph. Visibility: 10 miles, with deteriorating visibility in localized conditions due to smoke, dust and debris due to winds. Fuels The Energy Release Component (ERC) levels at the Casitas RAWs had been at record levels due to the extended period of no precipitation, dry northeast winds, and very low RH levels. The ERC levels had been climbing sharply since mid-november and were 75, which is well above the 97 th percentile, and well above the historic level.
3 Page 3 of 10 On November 30, 2017, the live fuel moistures for the Ojai area were recorded at 55% (critical levels are below 60%). This drop is well below the historic averages, and matches the record low for the past 17 years. Fuel Type Scrub Oaks six feet in height, annual grasses at two feet, and Chaparral at four feet. Road Conditions Single track dirt road (USFS Road 4N05), which was recently improved by dozers for contingency a line. Observations at the incident site: the road has an approximate slope of 28% with 3 main turns within 1000ft, and an elevation increase of 280ft. Topography East of the incident site there was an average slope of 45%, from USFS Road 4N05, down into Coyote Creek, and a 22% slope on the west side down and into Sulphur Creek. Fire Behavior Observed fire behavior included spot fires which quickly grew ahead of the main fire and merged together. Multiple fire runs out of the canyon to the east of the incident site were observed with flame lengths estimated between 50 to 100 feet. To the south of the incident site, one area was described as area ignition on the east side of the canyon from the Coyote Creek drainage to USFS Road 4N05. with the TRA, as indicated with the red arrows. SEQUENCE OF EVENTS The imagery on the left indicates the estimated direction and strength of the winds at 11:00 P.M. on December 9, This demonstrates how the wind increased as it rose out of Coyote Creek in direct alignment On Saturday, December 9, 2017, a contingency group (Louis Contingency) was working on the western flank of the Thomas Incident on the Los Padres National Forest, in Ventura County, California, approximately one mile east of the Santa Barbara County line. Throughout the day, resources were added to Louis Contingency and later in the evening the contingency group s designator was changed to Division CC.
4 Page 4 of 10 On Saturday morning, two strike teams of CAL FIRE handcrews (STL1, Crew 1, Crew 2 and STL2, Crew 3, Crew 4) were reassigned from the Rye Incident to the Thomas Incident. Shortly following their arrival to the Thomas Incident the strike teams were assigned to the Louis Contingency and once in the area were told to work near Chismahoo Mountain and keep the fire east of the ridge. Part of their instructions were to backfire the east side of the ridge and notify Louis Contingency if any spot fires were observed on the west. The crews identified a safety zone and identified the road would be their escape route to the safety zone. The strike teams then spread out and began their assignment. Crews 1 and 2 stayed on the north side near DP-60, and Crews 3 and 4 moved to the south near a clearing where two local government dozers were staged for the night while the operators were off-shift. Later, STL1 drove down (south) the road to STL2. Both of the strike teams were from the same camp and throughout the day, and through the night, were utilizing an assigned frequency to communicate in addition to the tactical and command frequencies. A third strike team of handcrews (STL3, Crew 5 and Crew 6) were assigned to the area. At approximately 5:30 P.M., the strike team met with Division CC and were told to position themselves below (south) of the other handcrew strike teams to ensure no spot fires developed over the line. Crew 5 and 6 spread out to watch the line. STL3 met with STL2 and discussed assignments. STL2 asked STL3 to have the crews keep an eye on the fire below them and explained where the safety zone and escape route was located. STL2 explained to STL3 it was large enough for all three strike teams to take refuge. At approximately 8:00 P.M., a task force was assigned to the division. Just before 9:00 P.M., they met with Division CC. The two Type 6 engines from the Task Force (E1 and E2) were assigned to assist STL2 with their firing operation. After the safety briefing, E1 and E2 joined STL2 by approximately 9:30 P.M. At approximately 9:00 P.M., Division CC transitioned from day shift to night shift. Night Division CC was already on the fireline in Division BB as a Strike Team Leader of engines. Night Division CC began the night shift by confirming all the resources assigned to the Division. Day Division CC was also the Louis Contingency Supervisor and all resources were consolidated into Night Division CC. During this time, STL3 advised Crew 5 to move up (north) on the line, closer to STL2 and Crew 3 and 4. The fire behavior was observed becoming more active to the west and STL3 wanted to make sure there was a lookout posted. Crew 5 observed increased fire activity to the east and the fire appeared to be spotting ahead of itself. At approximately 10:00 P.M., a dozer operator assigned to Division CC, who was working further to the south and east of the crews, reported on the tactical frequency an increase in the fire activity. Winds on the ridge near STL2 and Crews 3 and 4 were estimated at a constant 30 mph. Crews 1 and 2 were at the northern portion of
5 Page 5 of 10 the road, near DP-60, and the handcrew members were directed by their captains to consolidate at the ECTs. After hearing the radio traffic and observing the increased fire activity, Crew 5 notified STL3 they were going to continue up the road and find a safer vantage point. Crew 5 passed STL2 and observed the firing operation. Crew 5 continued up the road (north), observing a clearing along the road and then encountered a steep and difficult section of road. Crew 5 continued on the road and found a location to observe the fire in the canyon below the ridge. At approximately 11:00 P.M., the fire was reported to have crossed the drainage below and was making a run. STL2 notified Crews 3 and 4 to load the crews into the ECTs and prepare to move toward the safety zone. STL2 notified E1, E2 and STL1 to move to the safety zone. In the lead was STL2 followed by E1, E2, STL1 and Crew 3. At the same time, Crew 5, not knowing where the safety zone was, turned around (south) to drive back to the clearing observed on the way up. As Crew 5 was in the steep portion of the road they met with STL2 and subsequent vehicles. The road was too narrow for either to pass. STL2 notified everyone their road to the safety zone was blocked. Crew 4 was just about to leave the clearing when they heard the radio traffic and stayed in the clearing as a TRA. Crew 5 attempted to reverse course back up the hill and could not maintain traction. STL2 contacted Crew 1 to drive down behind Crew 5 and pull the ECT back up the road. Ten members of Crew 1 were left with Crew 2, and the captain, swamper and one other handcrew member arrived in the Crew 1 ECT. Multiple attempts were made to pull the Crew 5 ECT out of the way. Fire conditions continued to increase and the decision was made to back the five vehicles down the road and use the clearing as a TRA. Crew 4 backed down into the southern portion of the TRA and the captain instructed the crew to have their fire shelters at their ready. Crew 3 backed down in front of Crew 4. STL2, E1, E2 and STL1 backed down to a wider portion of the road and Crew 5 pulled up alongside them. The Crew 1 ECT with captain, swamper and one handcrew member pulled in behind Crew 5 and next to STL2. The winds were estimated in excess of 30 mph, and smoke with ember wash was pushing from the east. Fire began to develop over the TRA and the Crew 3 ECT was directly impinged by flames. Crew 3 recognized the direct flame impingement was not decreasing and quickly pulled the bus forward with limited to zero visibility. Crew 3 was able to remove the ECT from the immediate threat, but the fire then began to threaten Crew 4 ECT. Crew 4 was able to pull forward with no visibility and drove to the upper end of the TRA, approximately 40 feet from the Crew 3 ECT when the ECT became stuck in soft soil. The captain instructed the crew to exit the Crew 4 ECT and seek refuge in the Crew 3 ECT. The wind, smoke, heat and ember wash continued to impacting the rear of the Crew 3 ECT. The first handcrew member out of the Crew 4 ECT had opened a fire shelter to shield the radiant heat. Two other crewmembers had unfolded their fire shelters and were in various stages of being opened to block the radiant heat. All handcrew members were able to exit the Crew 4 ECT and seek
6 Page 6 of 10 refuge in the Crew 3 ECT. The Crew 4 captain entered the cab of the Crew 3 ECT, believing the Crew 4 ECT was on fire. The Crew 4 captain exited the cab, took a fire extinguisher to the Crew 4 ECT and proceeded to extinguish the flame around the ECT before returning to the Crew 3 ECT. During the time Crew 3 and Crew 4 took refuge at the TRA, Crew 2 and the Crew 1 crewmembers, remaining at DP-60, loaded into the Crew 2 ECT and drove to the designated safety zone where they remained without incident. STL2, having limited visibility and hearing radio traffic over the radio, believed the crews had been burned over and there had been fire shelters deployed. STL2 notified Night Division CC of the situation. Night Division CC was in a different TRA south of STL2 s location and had to continually move the vehicle as the fire made multiple different runs impacting the TRA. At one point, Night Division CC observed what could best be described as an area ignition. Once the fire front moved passed the vehicle, Night Division CC began to make access to STL2 s location. Night Division CC observed another clearing with a dozer and ATV fully involved. This was a local strike team of dozers which had been staged in the clearing for the night while the operators were off shift. Night Division CC observed a second dozer that was an exposure to the flames from the first dozer. Night Division CC entered the cab and contacted a dozer strike team over the radio to get instructions on how to start and move the dozer. Upon successfully moving the dozer out of danger, Night Division CC continued to STL2 s location, being delayed along the way due to fire activity.
7 Page 7 of 10 When fire conditions began to subside, Crew 4 moved from the Crew 3 ECT to the Crew 5 ECT. STL2 drove up the road with E1 and E2 to the safety zone, having to stop along the way for the fire to cross over the road. Once at the safety zone, they met with Crew 2. Later STL2 returned to the TRA. Night Division CC was able to locate the TRA and confirmed there were no injuries to any of the Division CC personnel. Three miles to the southwest, an excavator with masticating head was destroyed by this same fire front at approximately 1:15 A.M. INJURIES/DAMAGES There were no injuries. Crew 4 ECT was undamaged and the Crew 3 ECT sustained minor damage. To the south, the local government dozer sustained major damage and the ATV was destroyed. Three miles to the southwest, the excavator with masticating head was destroyed. SAFETY ISSUES FOR REVIEW Ensure instructions are clear and understood. Utilize radio frequencies only authorized for the incident. Ensure there is more than one escape route and safety zone pre-identified. INCIDENTAL ISSUES/LESSONS LEARNED (For Near Serious Accidents) Keep calm, think clearly and act decisively. The firefighters had developed a plan to access the safety zone via an escape route which was fully appropriate and achievable. When the escape route became compromised and recognizing the inherent dangers, they were able to utilize their knowledge of the area to develop a new plan of escape. They maintained situational awareness and were able to act decisively to the changing fire conditions. Continuous crew accountability occurred throughout the event.
8 Page 8 of 10 PHOTOS/SITE DIAGRAMS/MAPS
9 Page 9 of 10 Looking northwest on the ridge road (USFS Road 4N05) at near serious accident site at daybreak. Crew 3 ECT tracks in the soft dirt in the center of the photo when they escaped flame impingement. Crew 4 ECT in the upper left corner where it stopped after driving out of the fire.
10 Page 10 of 10 Looking northwest on the ridge road at near serious accident site. The fire made an advancing run from a major drainage on the right. Looking southeast on the ridge road at near serious accident site. The fire made an advancing run from the drainage on the left.
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