Regional Wind Vulnerability. Extratropical Cyclones Differ from Tropical Cyclones in Ways That Matter
|
|
- Griffin Benson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Regional Wind Vulnerability in Europe AIRCurrents Edited Editor s note: European winter storms cause significant damage. Their expected annual insured losses far surpass those of any other peril in the region. To manage the risk, companies need catastrophe models that can take into account not only the specific characteristics of the hazard, but also the different vulnerabilities in Europe s different regions. by Robert Zalisk Generating reliable estimates of damage and loss for winter storms in Europe is a challenge. Both the hazard itself known more precisely as extratropical cyclones (ETCs) and the vulnerabilities of the building stock across Europe have complexities and variabilities that do not readily conform to traditional modeling practices. Conventional techniques do not adequately capture the complex three-dimensional wind fields of extratropical cyclones. Similarly, the geography, climate, and wind patterns that characterize the various regions of Europe contribute to idiosyncratic local building practices and hence to different vulnerabilities to ETCs. Winter storm Kyrill (2007), for example, crossed the United Kingdom and traveled all the way to Poland and the Baltic states. Figure 1 below shows the tracks of several of the major ETCs of the recent past: Anatol, Lothar, and Martin (all in December of 1999), Erwin (2005), Kyrill (2007), Klaus (2009), and Xynthia (2010). Extratropical Cyclones Differ from Tropical Cyclones in Ways That Matter The characteristics of extratropical cyclones differ from those of their tropical counterparts in ways that are significant for estimating potential insured losses. The wind speeds of ETCs are low relative to those of hurricanes, rising only to roughly 120 to 175 kilometers per hour, the equivalent of Category 1 or Category 2 strength on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. Additionally, however, ETCs can extend far inland often with wind fields that actually intensify rather than diminish. Consequently, European extratropical cyclones have very large damage footprints. Figure 1. Tracks of Anatol, Lothar, Martin, Erwin, Kyrill, Klaus, and Xynthia, , illustrate the deep inland penetration of ETCs. (Source: AIR)
2 Relatively Small Individual Claims Can Quickly Add Up In light of their low to moderate wind speeds, ETCs generally produce relatively minor damage 1 (mostly nonstructural, such as to a building s roof covering, and/or cladding) but, importantly, over very large areas. Major ETC events can impact millions of residential, commercial, and agricultural structures. vulnerability of buildings across the continent. Each country has developed construction practices and, more recently, building codes that respond to its particular historical experience. Thus, buildings in regions that frequently experience severe winter storms tend to be less vulnerable to them because they have been subject over time to more robust local construction practices and more stringent building codes. In France, for example, for a given wind speed, buildings in Normandy which lies open to the sea and is highly exposed to winter storms are, in general, less vulnerable than buildings in south-central France, which historically have been relatively sheltered from ETCs. Similarly, the building stock in the northern areas of the United Kingdom, particularly Scotland, consistently resists damage from wind events better than the building stock in other regions of the UK. As in France, the most vulnerable buildings in the UK are in the southeast, where extreme winds are relatively uncommon but tend to cause severe damage when they do occur. Figure 2. Typical damage patterns in residential (top-left), small commercial (topright), small industrial (bottom-left), and agricultural structures (bottom-right) from European winter storms. (Source: AIR) Even though individual claims in such cases may average only between one and two thousand Euros, because of the high insurance penetration throughout most of Europe, total losses from such events can quickly rise to billions of Euros. Winter storm Anatol (1999), for example, initiated more than half a million claims across Denmark, Sweden, Germany, and the Baltic states claims that came to insured losses of more than 2 billion (in 1999 Euros). 2 In the case of ETC Kyrill a few years later, insured losses came to more than 6 billion (in 2007 Euros). 3 Just how these losses add up and where depends on regional differences in building vulnerability. Regional Differences in Vulnerability Europe experiences considerable diversity of storm climate. From the UK to the Baltic nations, storms strike one region more or less often than they strike another, and with higher or lower intensity. Over decades indeed, centuries such local weather patterns have produced differences in the These differences in vulnerabilities are reflected and in some measure have been systematized in the collection of structural design codes (Eurocodes) that began to be developed and adopted in Europe in the 1990s. Published by the European Committee for Standardization, the codes are designed to ensure that buildings meet certain safety requirements. Under the Eurocode directive, design wind loads are based on the wind speed gusts of a storm that could occur in a region once in fifty years that is, structures must be designed to be able to withstand the highest wind speeds such an event would generate. Each country has developed a basic design wind speed map based on its own local wind speed history. The map outlines the various areas or zones throughout the country that have had a similar historical storm experience. The Eurocode uses standardized design wind loads and corresponding design requirements across different countries. Figure 3 below shows the geographical contours of the different design wind gust speeds consolidated for all of Europe. 2
3 Figure 3. Building design wind gust speeds at a height of 10 meters (derived from EN [ABI, 2003]). Countries in green denote those included in the AIR Extratropical Cyclone Model for Europe. Europe also exhibits variations in vulnerability that are attributable to influences other than weather histories. These can result from differences in insurance coverage, different claims adjustment practices, how rigorously building codes are enforced, lower or higher levels of building stock maintenance (economically poorer regions having less well-maintained buildings) and even different rates of fraud 4. Modeling Regional Vulnerability Thus, Europe s diversity presents something of a challenge to the risk manager and to the modeler. Two buildings described in claims as being virtually identical each a twostory wood-frame residential structure, for example would exhibit different vulnerabilities if one were located in the south of France and the other in Norway. The AIR Extratropical Cyclone Model for Europe addresses the issue through the use of regional-specific damage functions that capture the effects of regional construction practices on building vulnerability. AIR engineers base these functions on the Eurocode design wind speeds; while the design wind speed maps outline regions of local weather activity, they thus also indicate areas of different local construction practice. Figure 4 below illustrates how the AIR model identifies regional variations in vulnerability in Europe. Figure 4. Regional vulnerabilities implemented in the AIR model. Buildings in regions that frequently experience higher winds tend to be less vulnerable. (Source: AIR) The illustration places Europe s highest vulnerabilities in areas such as south-central France, where building codes use lower design wind speeds than in areas like Scotland, where very high wind speeds are common and where, over time, buildings were built to withstand them. In the south of France, homes tend to be of lighter masonry and stucco, with low-to-medium pitched roofs covered with tile. Homes in Scotland are of heavier masonry, with medium-to-high pitched roofs that feature better connections between their roof coverings and their roof framing. Other regional differences in vulnerability are captured implicitly. The physical, or engineering-based, models normally used to determine the resistance of structural and non-structural building components have inherent uncertainties at the low to moderate wind speeds of ETCs. These limits make establishing a direct relationship between wind loads and building resistance by engineering analysis problematic. Thus, both post-disaster survey information and extensive claims data analyses are also needed to develop reliable damage functions. When correlated with locations, survey 3
4 findings together with loss experience data reflect the specific array of conditions and practices that are common to a particular place (such as how building codes are enforced and how buildings are maintained). Thus to the extent that this information is used to develop the damage functions for a region, the functions implicitly capture all such local factors that may affect vulnerability. To develop damage functions for its European ETC model, AIR has used post-disaster survey findings from all major European winter storms starting with Anatol in 1999, as well as more than three billion Euros of claims provided by nearly twenty different insurance companies. The claims cover the major countries of Europe and storms that date back to ETC Daria in Closing Comments Version 13 of AIR s Extratropical Cyclone Model for Europe, which will be released later this year, adds six countries in central Europe and the Baltic region to the 12 existing modeled countries of Western Europe thereby covering virtually all of Europe that is impacted by ETCs. Supported lines of business include residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, greenhouse, forestry, and automobile. Europe is a large and diverse region, one with considerable diversity in storm climate and seasonal storm intensity. To provide companies with the ability to assess the risk from winter storms in all their manifestations, the AIR model recognizes and accounts for differences in building codes and construction practices, as well as other influences that result in different vulnerabilities from region to region across the European continent. 4
5 References 1 It should be noted that within ETCs, surface winds can sometimes be enhanced by substructures, such as sting jets and gravity waves. In such cases, wind speeds and damage can be severe. Such substructures and their effects, however, tend to be highly localized. 2 Munich Re Group (2002). 3 Swiss Re (2008). 4 See the AIR Current Anatomy of a Damage Function: Dispelling the Myths. About AIR Worldwide AIR Worldwide (AIR) is the scientific leader and most respected provider of risk modeling software and consulting services. AIR founded the catastrophe modeling industry in 1987 and today models the risk from natural catastrophes and terrorism in more than 50 countries. More than 400 insurance, reinsurance, financial, corporate and government clients rely on AIR software and services for catastrophe risk management, insurance-linked securities, site-specific seismic engineering analysis, and property replacement cost valuation. AIR is a member of the ISO family of companies and is headquartered in Boston with additional offices in North America, Europe and Asia. For more information, please visit www. air-worldwide.com AIR Worldwide. All rights reserved. 5
AIR Extratropical Cyclone Model for Europe
AIR Extratropical Cyclone Model for Europe In 2007, Kyrill roared across Europe, causing widespread damage that resulted in insured losses of more than EUR 4 billion. In 1990, a cluster of storms culminated
More informationThe AIR Bushfire Model for Australia
The AIR Bushfire Model for Australia In February 2009, amid tripledigit temperatures and drought conditions, fires broke out just north of Melbourne, Australia. Propelled by high winds, as many as 400
More informationAIR Extratropical Cyclone Model for Europe
AIR Extratropical Cyclone Model for Europe In 2007, Kyrill roared across Europe causing widespread damage resulting in insured losses of more than EUR 4.5 billion. Sometimes several storms can strike in
More informationAt the Midpoint of the 2008
At the Midpoint of the 2008 Atlantic Hurricane Season Editor s note: It has been an anxious couple of weeks for those with financial interests in either on- or offshore assets in the Gulf of Mexico and
More informationModeling Great Britain s Flood Defenses. Flood Defense in Great Britain. By Dr. Yizhong Qu
Modeling Great Britain s Flood Defenses AIRCurrents Editor s note: AIR launched its Inland Flood Model for Great Britain in December 2008. The hazard module captures the physical processes of rainfall-runoff
More informationTHE AIR SEVERE THUNDERSTORM MODEL FOR AUSTRALIA
THE AIR SEVERE THUNDERSTORM MODEL FOR AUSTRALIA In Australia, severe thunderstorms occur more frequently and cost more annually than any other atmospheric peril. The industry s first comprehensive severe
More informationAIRCURRENTS: EUROPEAN WINDSTORM MODELS: QUESTIONS YOU SHOULD ASK
DECEMBER 2012 AIRCURRENTS: EUROPEAN WINDSTORM MODELS: QUESTIONS YOU SHOULD ASK EDITOR S NOTE: European winter windstorm losses, on average, surpass those of any other peril in the region. Against the background
More informationThe AIR Tropical Cyclone Model for Mexico
The AIR Tropical Cyclone Model for Mexico In September 214, Hurricane Odile made landfall near Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, as a Category 3 hurricane, then moved up the center of Baja California, bringing strong
More informationThe AIR Severe Thunderstorm Model for the United States
The AIR Severe Thunderstorm Model for the United States In 2011, six severe thunderstorms generated insured losses of over USD 1 billion each. Total losses from 24 separate outbreaks that year exceeded
More informationThe AIR Severe Thunderstorm Model for Europe
The AIR Severe Thunderstorm Model for Europe In 2013 Andreas was the costliest severe thunderstorm outbreak to ever strike Europe and it still is. If Andreas were to recur today, it would cause about EUR
More informationExposure Disaggregation: Introduction. By Alissa Le Mon
Exposure Disaggregation: Building Better Loss Estimates 10.2010 Editor s note: In this article, Alissa Le Mon, an analyst in AIR s exposures group, discusses how AIR s innovative disaggregation techniques
More informationThe AIR Tropical Cyclone Model for India
The AIR Tropical Cyclone Model for India Tropical cyclones have caused millions, and even billions, of dollars in damage in India. The growing number of properties on the coast, together with growing insurance
More informationTHE NEW STORM SURGE MODULE IN AIR S U.S. HURRICANE MODEL
THE NEW STORM SURGE MODULE IN AIR S U.S. HURRICANE MODEL Hurricane Ike storm surge devastation of Bolivar Peninsula near Galveston, Texas. (Source: Chuck Davis, flickr) When a hurricane comes onshore,
More informationThe AIR Crop Hail Model for Canada
The AIR Crop Hail Model for Canada In 2016, the Canadian Prairie Provinces experienced one of the most active and longest hail seasons in at least 25 years. The number of hailstorms more than doubled the
More informationPreview Mode: ON Earthquake Risk in Stable, Intraplate Regions: the Case. of Perth, Australia. Historical Seismicity in the Perth Region
Preview Mode: ON Earthquake Risk in Stable, Intraplate Regions: the Case Editor s note: There is often a tendency to discount earthquake risk in of Perth, Australia 02.2010 AIRCurrents regions where earthquakes
More informationA RETROSPECTIVE ON 10 YEARS OF MODELING HURRICANE RISK IN A WARM OCEAN CLIMATE
AIR ISSUE BRIEF A RETROSPECTIVE ON 10 YEARS OF MODELING HURRICANE RISK IN A WARM OCEAN CLIMATE After tremendous losses from consecutive hurricane seasons in 2004 and 2005 seasons that saw the likes of
More informationAIRCURRENTS THE TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE AND STRESS TRANSFER STRESS TRANSFER
THE TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE AND STRESS TRANSFER AIRCURRENTS 11.2011 Edited Editor s Note: The March 11th Tohoku Earthquake was unprecedented in Japan s recorded history. In April, AIR Currents described the
More informationCaribbean Tropical Cyclone Modeling
Caribbean Tropical Cyclone Modeling Filmon Habte, PhD 2018 RAA Catastrophe Risk Management Conference Orlando, Florida February 14, 2018 Agenda Hurricane risk in the Caribbean 2017 hurricane season Lessons
More informationReturn periods of losses associated with European windstorm series in a changing climate
Return periods of losses associated with European windstorm series in a changing climate J.G. Pinto (a,b) M.K. Karremann (b) M. Reyers (b) M. Klawa (c) (a) (b) (c) Univ. Reading, UK Univ. Cologne, Germany
More informationPacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment And Financing Initiative
Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment And Financing Initiative TIMOR-LESTE September Timor-Leste is expected to incur, on average, 5.9 million USD per year in losses due to earthquakes and tropical cyclones.
More informationThe AIR Hurricane Model for Offshore Assets
The AIR Hurricane Model for Offshore Assets The combined insured losses to offshore assets caused by hurricanes in 2004 and 2005 alone were estimated at the time to be about USD 16 billion. Today, the
More informationThe Pressure s On: Increased. Introduction. By Jason Butke Edited by Meagan Phelan
The Pressure s On: Increased Realism in Tropical Cyclone Wind Speeds through Attention to Environmental Pressure 01.2012 By Jason Butke Introduction Because the Earth has a tilted axis and rotates, the
More informationPacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment And Financing Initiative
Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment And Financing Initiative PALAU September is expected to incur, on average,.7 million USD per year in losses due to earthquakes and tropical cyclones. In the next 5 years,
More informationPacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment And Financing Initiative
Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment And Financing Initiative VANUATU September 211 Country Risk Profile: VANUATU is expected to incur, on average, 48 million USD per year in losses due to earthquakes and
More informationPacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment And Financing Initiative
Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment And Financing Initiative TUVALU is expected to incur, on average,. million USD per year in losses due to earthquakes and tropical cyclones. In the next 5 years, has
More informationInitiative. Country Risk Profile: papua new guinea. Better Risk Information for Smarter Investments PAPUA NEW GUINEA.
Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment And Financing Initiative PAPUA NEW GUINEA September 211 Country Risk Profile: papua new is expected to incur, on average, 85 million USD per year in losses due to earthquakes
More informationcrafters.com/
Hurricanes are one of the most unfortunate natural disasters in the United States. They tear down, not just property, but the lives of many people. History has shown that hurricanes have a devastating
More information2/27/2015. Perils. Risk. Loss PRICING TORNADOES: USING CAT MODELS FOR GRANULAR RISK UNDERWRITING WHY MODEL TORNADO RISK? FIRST, YOU HAVE TO ANSWER:
PURPOSE OF RMS Tool for the Insurance Industry to help with: PRICING TORNADOES: USING CAT MODELS FOR GRANULAR RISK UNDERWRITING Kevin Van Leer, Product Manager Americas Climate National Summit Oklahoma
More informationAIR Tropical Cyclone Model for the Caribbean
AIR Tropical Cyclone Model for the Caribbean In October 212, Hurricane Sandy wreaked havoc across Jamaica, Cuba, and the Bahamas. The AIR Tropical Cyclone Model for the Caribbean incorporates the latest
More informationCURRENT AND FUTURE TROPICAL CYCLONE RISK IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC
CURRENT AND FUTURE TROPICAL CYCLONE RISK IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC COUNTRY RISK PROFILE: SAMOA JUNE 2013 Samoa has been affected by devastating cyclones on multiple occasions, e.g. tropical cyclones Ofa and
More informationUnderstanding Climatological Influences on Hurricane Activity: The AIR Near-term Sensitivity Catalog
Understanding Climatological Influences on Hurricane Activity: The AIR Near-term Sensitivity Catalog Copyright 2006 AIR Worldwide Corporation. All rights reserved. Restrictions and Limitations This document
More informationThe AIR Tropical Cyclone Model for the Carribean
The AIR Tropical Cyclone Model for the Carribean In October 212, Hurricane Sandy wreaked havoc across Jamaica, Cuba, and the Bahamas. The AIR Tropical Cyclone Model for the Caribbean incorporates the latest
More informationPRICING TORNADOES: USING CAT MODELS FOR GRANULAR RISK UNDERWRITING
PRICING TORNADOES: USING CAT MODELS FOR GRANULAR RISK UNDERWRITING Kevin Van Leer, Product Manager Americas Climate National Tornado Summit Oklahoma City, OK February 24, 2015 PURPOSE OF RMS Tool for the
More informationAhead of the Wave: The Change Coming to the Saffir-Simpson
Ahead of the Wave: The Change Coming to the Saffir-Simpson Classification System Editor s note: In 2009, the National Hurricane Center announced that it was updating the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
More informationAIR Earthquake Model for the PanEuropean Region
AIR Earthquake Model for the PanEuropean Region The powerful earthquakes that struck Turkey in 1999 and Italy s Abruzzo region in 2009 caused extensive damage. And recent studies suggest that a quake near
More informationThis Season s Reminder of
This Season s Reminder of Northeast Hurricane Risk 09.2009 By AIRCurrents Editor s note: The 2009 Atlantic Hurricane Season got off to a surprisingly slow start. Then, all within a week, mid-august brought
More informationRisk Assessment and Mitigation. Hurricane Checklist
Risk Assessment and Mitigation Hurricane Checklist Hurricane Checklist Hurricanes are severe tropical storms with sustained winds of at least 74 miles per hour. Hurricane winds can reach 160 miles per
More informationAIRCURRENTS: TRACKING THE 2012 ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON USING THE CLIMATECAST U.S. HURRICANE RISK INDEX
JUNE 01 AIRCURRENTS: TRACKING THE 01 ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON USING THE CLIMATECAST U.S. HURRICANE RISK INDEX EDITOR S NOTE: This article by AIR s Director of Atmospheric Science, Dr. Peter Dailey, gives
More informationModelling the impact of climate change and weather related events. Seong Woh Choo Head of R&D and Chief Underwriting Officer
Modelling the impact of climate change and weather related events Seong Woh Choo Head of R&D and Chief Underwriting Officer 1 1 Introduction Risk to community and insurers Climatic cycles/change affecting
More informationHazus: Estimated Damage and Economic Losses. North Carolina and South Carolina United States
Hurricane Florence Advisory 53, 12 September 2018 1100 EST (1500Z) Hazus: Estimated Damage and Economic Losses North Carolina and South Carolina United States Caution: Due to the level of uncertainty associated
More informationWMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate Preliminary conclusions for 2018 and WMO Greenhouse Bulletin
WMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate Preliminary conclusions for 2018 and WMO Greenhouse Bulletin Dr Elena Manaenkova Deputy Secretary General World Meteorological Organisation Statement on
More informationComplete Weather Intelligence for Public Safety from DTN
Complete Weather Intelligence for Public Safety from DTN September 2017 White Paper www.dtn.com / 1.800.610.0777 From flooding to tornados to severe winter storms, the threats to public safety from weather-related
More information1990 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Impacts Assessment
1990 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Impacts Assessment Although the variability of weather and associated shifts in the frequency and magnitude of climate events were not available from the
More informationNW Pacific and Japan Landfalling Typhoons in 2000
NW Pacific and Japan Landfalling Typhoons in 2000 Pre-Season Forecast Issued 26th May, 2000 Produced under contract for TSUNAMI in collaboration with the UK Met. Office by Drs Paul Rockett, Mark Saunders
More informationHow Wind Technologies Work. WHITE PAPER 4 April 2017
How Wind Technologies Work WHITE PAPER 4 April 2017 ii Table of Contents Introduction... 1 The Challenge... 1 Purpose... 1 Limited Data Sources... 2 Using Point Measurements for Wind Verification... 2
More informationLessons Learned from the November 2008 Wildfires. Introduction. Images from the Tea, Sayre and Freeway Complex Fires
Lessons Learned from the November 2008 Wildfires AIRCurrents Editor s note: Strong winds, with near hurricane-force gusts, fanned three separate fires in Southern California last November, prompting the
More informationKCC White Paper: The 100 Year Hurricane. Could it happen this year? Are insurers prepared? KAREN CLARK & COMPANY. June 2014
KAREN CLARK & COMPANY KCC White Paper: The 100 Year Hurricane Could it happen this year? Are insurers prepared? June 2014 Copyright 2014 Karen Clark & Company The 100 Year Hurricane Page 1 2 COPLEY PLACE
More informationAn Unexpected Catastrophe: Anniversary of the 1989 Newcastle. The 1989 Earthquake. By Dr. Khosrow Shabestari and Dr. Peeranan Towashiraporn
An Unexpected Catastrophe: Anniversary of the 1989 Newcastle Earthquake Editor s note: Twenty years ago this month, the deadliest earthquake 12.2009 AIRCurrents on Australian soil occurred near Newcastle,
More informationTROPICAL CYCLONES IN A WARMER WORLD
TROPICAL CYCLONES IN A WARMER WORLD Dr Mark Saunders Benfield Hazard Research Centre Department of Space and Climate Physics University College London Workshop for Under 35s Reinsurance Group 14th October
More informationCurrent Details from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center
Current Details from the Joint Warning Center COORDINATES: 10.2 north, 148.1 east (previous location: 10.1 north, 148.3 east) LOCATION: 520 kilometers (325 miles) southeast of Andersen Air Force Base,
More informationFewer severe natural disasters in the first half of the year; overall losses below the average
Munich, 11 July 2018 Media Information Fewer severe natural disasters in the first half of the year; overall losses below the average The first half of 2018 was fortunate in that natural disasters across
More informationUS/Global Natural Catastrophe Update
US/Global Natural Catastrophe Update NAIC's CIPR Symposium on Implications of Increasing Catastrophe Volatility on Insurers Carl Hedde, SVP, Head of Risk Accumulation Munich Reinsurance America, Inc. Source:
More informationThe Wind Hazard: Messaging the Wind Threat & Corresponding Potential Impacts
The Wind Hazard: Messaging the Wind Threat & Corresponding Potential Impacts Scott Spratt Warning Coordination Meteorologist NWS Melbourne, FL David Sharp Science & Operations Officer NWS Melbourne, FL
More informationACTIVITY OF CATASTROPHIC WINDSTORM EVENTS IN EUROPE IN THE 21ST CENTURY
ACTIVITY OF CATASTROPHIC WINDSTORM EVENTS IN EUROPE IN THE 21ST CENTURY May 31, 2010 Copyright Notice This manual is copyrighted 2010 by All Rights Reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or
More informationCurrent Details from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center
Current Details from the Joint Warning Center COORDINATES: 19.6 north, 125.5 east (previous location: 17.9 north, 130.3 east) LOCATION: 737 kilometers (458 miles) southeast of Taipei, Taiwan MOVEMENT:
More informationBridge Risk Modeling
time good Bridge Risk Modeling Current Florida DOT Research condition bad Paul D. Thompson, Consultant Background Research team Florida State University John Sobanjo (PI) Paul D. Thompson (co-pi) Florida
More informationThe benefits and developments in ensemble wind forecasting
The benefits and developments in ensemble wind forecasting Erik Andersson Slide 1 ECMWF European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Slide 1 ECMWF s global forecasting system High resolution forecast
More informationCLIMATE READY BOSTON. Climate Projections Consensus ADAPTED FROM THE BOSTON RESEARCH ADVISORY GROUP REPORT MAY 2016
CLIMATE READY BOSTON Sasaki Steering Committee Meeting, March 28 nd, 2016 Climate Projections Consensus ADAPTED FROM THE BOSTON RESEARCH ADVISORY GROUP REPORT MAY 2016 WHAT S IN STORE FOR BOSTON S CLIMATE?
More informationUnderstanding Weather and Climate Risk. Matthew Perry Sharing an Uncertain World Conference The Geological Society, 13 July 2017
Understanding Weather and Climate Risk Matthew Perry Sharing an Uncertain World Conference The Geological Society, 13 July 2017 What is risk in a weather and climate context? Hazard: something with the
More informationReal-Time Loss Estimates for Severe Thunderstorm Damage: The Event of April 27-28, 2002
AIR Special Report July 2002 Real-Time Loss Estimates for Severe Thunderstorm Damage: The Event of April 27-28, 2002 Technical Document_LPSR_0207 I. Overview On April 27-28, 2002, a frontal system generated
More informationSEISMIC RISK ASSESSMENT IN ARMENIA
SEISMIC RISK ASSESSMENT IN ARMENIA Hovhannes Khangeldyan Head of National Crisis Management Center Rescue Service Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Armenia Tokyo, 2016 ARMENIA: GEOGRAPHICAL
More information[CLUB NAME] HURRICANE ACTIVATION PLAN [EXCERPT VERSION]
[CLUB NAME] HURRICANE ACTIVATION PLAN [EXCERPT VERSION] Club Main Phone: [number] Club Email Address: [email] Date of last update: [date] Updated by: [Name] Template Developed By: The Burgee Program and
More informationStorms. 3. Storm types 4. Coastal Sectors 5. Sorm Location and Seasonality 6. Storm Severity 7. Storm Frequency and grouping 8. The design storm event
1. Introduction Storms 2. The Impact of Storms on the coast 3. Storm types 4. Coastal Sectors 5. Sorm Location and Seasonality 6. Storm Severity 7. Storm Frequency and grouping 8. The design storm event
More informationThe Fundamentals of Moisture Calibration
The Fundamentals of Moisture The following guide will provide you with a basic knowledge of humidity calibration, help you to understand your requirements and select an appropriate solution. 1 Why Humidity
More information5.2 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS OF CONCERN
5.2 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS OF CONCERN 2015 HMP Update Changes The 2010 HMP hazard identification was presented in Section 6. For the 2015 HMP update, the hazard identification is presented in subsection
More informationCURRENT AND FUTURE TROPICAL CYCLONE RISK IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC
CURRENT AND FUTURE TROPICAL CYCLONE RISK IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC SOUTH PACIFIC JUNE 2013 The South Pacific region is prone to significant tropical cyclone risk. This project compared both current and future
More informationUse of climate reanalysis for EEA climate change assessment. Blaz Kurnik. European Environment Agency (EEA)
Use of climate reanalysis for EEA climate change assessment Blaz Kurnik European Environment Agency (EEA) 2016: EEA content priorities Circular economy Climate and Energy Sustainable Development Goals
More informationTSR TROPICAL STORM TRACKER LAUNCH
TSR TROPICAL STORM TRACKER LAUNCH The Old Library, Lloyd s s of London Friday 30th May 2003 10.30am - 11.30am Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) Founded in 2000, Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) offers a leading resource
More information2014 Russell County Hazard Mitigation Plan Update STAKEHOLDERS AND TECHNICAL ADVISORS MEETING 2/6/14
2014 Russell County Hazard Mitigation Plan Update STAKEHOLDERS AND TECHNICAL ADVISORS MEETING 2/6/14 Welcome and Introductions We cannot direct the wind, but we can adjust our sails. 44 CFR 201.6; Local
More informationComparative Analysis of Hurricane Vulnerability in New Orleans and Baton Rouge. Dr. Marc Levitan LSU Hurricane Center. April 2003
Comparative Analysis of Hurricane Vulnerability in New Orleans and Baton Rouge Dr. Marc Levitan LSU Hurricane Center April 2003 In order to compare hurricane vulnerability of facilities located in different
More informationTHE CHANGING CLIMATE OF CATASTROPHE RISK UNDERWRITING
Source: NPS THE CHANGING CLIMATE OF CATASTROPHE RISK UNDERWRITING Mark C. Bove, CPCU, ARe Senior Research Meteorologist Munich Reinsurance America, Inc. Midwest / Western Regional Farm Bureau Underwriting
More informationPaul Bridge Meteorologist Vaisala/UKMO Work Groups/Committees: WMO/TRB/AMS
Paul Bridge Meteorologist Vaisala/UKMO Work Groups/Committees: WMO/TRB/AMS Introduction (a) Identify and establish, if possible, inventories of transport networks in the ECE region which are vulnerable
More information10. Severe Local Storms (Thunderstorms)
10. Severe Local Storms (Thunderstorms) Hail. Can be larger than softball (10 cm in diameter) Smaller damage ratios, but over large areas In USA causes more than $1 billion crop and property damage each
More informationTropical Cyclones: When Nature Attacks!! AOSC 200 Tim Canty. Tropical Cyclone: African Easterly Jet
Tropical Cyclones: When Nature Attacks!! AOSC 200 Tim Canty Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~tcanty/aosc200 Topics for today: Really powerful low pressure systems Lecture 25 Nov 27 2018 1 Tropical
More informationTen Years after Andrew: What Should We Be Preparing for Now?
AIR Special Report August 2002 Ten Years after Andrew: What Should We Be Preparing for Now? Technical Document_HASR_0208 I. Overview Ten years ago, on August 24, 1992, Hurricane Andrew tore across the
More informationAlignments of Master of Disaster (MoD) Lessons for Grades K-2 with the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) X X X X X X X X X X
Alignments of Master of Disaster (MoD) Lessons for Grades K-2 with the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) Relevant Next Generation Science Standards Performance Expectations* MoD Lesson Purpose K-PS2-1
More informationMODELLING CATASTROPHIC COASTAL FLOOD RISKS AROUND THE WORLD
MODELLING CATASTROPHIC COASTAL FLOOD RISKS AROUND THE WORLD Nicola Howe Christopher Thomas Copyright 2016 Risk Management Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. June 27, 2016 1 OUTLINE MOTIVATION What we
More informationClimate Change and Hurricane Loss: Perspectives for Investors. June By Karen Clark and John Lummis
Climate Change and Hurricane Loss: Perspectives for Investors By Karen Clark and John Lummis June 2015 2 COPLEY PLACE BOSTON, MA 02116 T: 617.423.2800 F: 617.423.2808 The Big Picture Climate change gets
More informationCambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education *7731101867* ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 0680/21 Paper 2 October/November 2014 1 hour 45 minutes Candidates
More informationGlobal Climate Change, Weather, and Disasters
Global Climate Change, Weather, and Disasters The Hype and the Available Data! K.E. Kelly Is Climate Change Causing Extreme Weather? New Republic www.greenpeace.org Zogby Analytics poll shortly after hurricane
More informationGlobal warming, U.S. hurricanes, and insured losses
Global warming, U.S. hurricanes, and insured losses Anticipating the hurricane peril in the United States American Meterological Society January 20-24, 2008 New Orleans James B. Elsner Florida State University
More informationSIXTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP on TROPICAL CYCLONES
WMO/CAS/WWW SIXTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP on TROPICAL CYCLONES Topic 4a : Updated Statement on the Possible Effects of Climate Change on Tropical Cyclone Activity/Intensity Rapporteur: E-mail: John McBride
More informationExtreme Weather and Risks to Infrastructure. Heather Auld & Neil Comer Risk Sciences International
Extreme Weather and Risks to Infrastructure Heather Auld & Neil Comer Risk Sciences International The Science is Valid and the Evidence grows Stronger AGREE Climate Change Disagree More Intense Rainfall
More informationWIND TRENDS IN THE HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS OF SCOTLAND AND THEIR RELATION TO THE NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION. European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
J 4A.11A WIND TRENDS IN THE HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS OF SCOTLAND AND THEIR RELATION TO THE NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION Gwenna G. Corbel a, *, John T. Allen b, Stuart W. Gibb a and David Woolf a a Environmental
More informationCoastal Resiliency: Planning for Natural Variability and Recovering from Extreme Events
Coastal Resiliency: Planning for Natural Variability and Recovering from Extreme Events Stephanie Showalter, J.D., M.S.E.L. Director, National Sea Grant Law Center University of Mississippi Coastal Hazards
More information1 City of Edmonton Quesnell Bridge, Roads and Associated Structures Assessment
1 City of Edmonton Quesnell Bridge, Roads and Associated Structures Assessment 1.1 Background Within the First National Engineering Vulnerability Assessment, the Public Infrastructure Engineering Vulnerability
More informationGC Briefing. Weather Sentinel Hurricane Florence. Status at 5 PM EDT (21 UTC) Today (NHC) Discussion. September 13, 2018
GC Briefing September 13, 2018 Weather Sentinel Hurricane Florence Tropical storm conditions have been reported for areas of North Carolina and will continue to spread inland to the west and south. Hurricane
More informationSteps to Reduce the Risk of Tornado Damage in Commercial Structures
Hanover Risk Solutions Steps to Reduce the Risk of Tornado Damage in Commercial Structures About 1,000 tornadoes occur each year in the United States, causing an average of $1.1 billion in property damage
More informationExploring the costs of sea level rise: should we focus on means or extremes?
Exploring the costs of sea level rise: should we focus on means or extremes? Robert Muir-Wood Chief Research Officer, RMS AAAS Chicago Feb 16 th 2009 Change Points in Cat 3-5 Hurricane Numbers (the drivers
More informationWednesday, November 15, 2017
Wednesday, November 15, 2017 Northern Europe: Physical Geography Objective: Locate and describe the various traditional regions of Western Europe. Outline how the physical geography varies from region
More informationWhat is the IPCC? Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC WG1 FAQ What is the IPCC? Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change The IPCC is a scientific intergovernmental body set up by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and by the United Nations
More informationCold Weather Preparation
0-0.0 January 2012 Country of Origin: United Kingdom Cold Weather Preparation Introduction In addition to the freezing of sprinkler pipes and general water pipes, low temperatures can damage boilers, compressors,
More informationExtreme Weather and Climate Change: Science and Politics
Extreme Weather and Climate Change: Science and Politics Roger A. Pielke, Jr. University of Colorado 31 May 2018 Canon Institute for Global Studies Tokyo, Japan CENTER FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
More information2016 WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC BASIN TROPICAL CYCLONE PREDICTIONS
June 2016 2016 WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC BASIN TROPICAL CYCLONE PREDICTIONS INTRODUCTION The Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre (GCACIC) at the School of Energy and Environment, City University
More informationTHE FUTURE OF U.S. WEATHER CATASTROPHES
Source: NASA THE FUTURE OF U.S. WEATHER CATASTROPHES Mark C. Bove, CPCU, ARe Senior Research Meteorologist Munich Reinsurance America, Inc. AIMU Marine Insurance Day 2 October 2015 Agenda Natural Catastrophes
More informationA pragmatic view of rates and clustering
North Building Atlantic the Chaucer Hurricane Brand A pragmatic view of rates and clustering North Atlantic Hurricane What we re going to talk about 1. Introduction; some assumptions and a basic view of
More informationNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information State Summaries 149-FL. Observed and Projected Temperature Change
19-FL FLORIDA Key Messages Under a higher emissions pathway, historically unprecedented warming is projected by the end of the 1st century. Rising temperatures will likely increase the intensity of naturally-occurring
More informationRisk. Management. Bulletin. Created by. Insurance Fully Managed Claims Service Financial Advice paveygroup.co.uk
Risk Management Bulletin Created by to the winter edition of our risk management bulletin. It s been designed to help you increase your risk management awareness to protect you and your business. Whether
More informationNatural Disasters. in Florida. Severe Thunderstorms
Natural Disasters in Florida SC.6.E.7.7 Investigate how natural disasters have affected human life in Florida. Severe Thunderstorms While the typical afternoon thunderstorm in Florida may not appear to
More informationTropical Cyclone Hazards. Presentation
Tropical Cyclone Hazards Presentation Kerry N Mallory AE5JY September 7, 2011 Tropical Cyclone Hazards The Four Primary Weapons of a Tropical Cyclone are: 1. Wind 2. Storm Surge 3. Rain/Freshwater Flooding
More information