Climatic Classification of an Industrial Area of Eastern Mediterranean (Thriassio Plain: Greece)
|
|
- Bonnie Day
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1
2 Climatic Classification of an Industrial Area of Eastern Mediterranean (Thriassio Plain: Greece) A. Mavrakis Abstract The purpose of this work is to investigate the possible differentiations of the climatic parameters of an industrial basin of the Eastern Mediterranean. For this purpose, the monthly average values of temperature, relative humidity and precipitation as well as the climatic indices of Kerner, Johansson, de Martonne, Pinna, SPI and the Discomfort Index were examined. The data cover the period from 1958 to In order to detect a possible trend in the aforementioned data we used the nonparametric test of Mann Kendall. The results for the climatic indices show a trend towards characterizing the climate as warmer and drier, but also an increase of the variation range of the climatic values. The results for the meteorological parameters show a warming trend, declining rainfall and a very significant reduction in relative humidity. The latter conclusion is consistent with intense land use change in the area of interest, and is due to a shift in the management of surface waters used for crops irrigation in the region. 1 Introduction The Thriassio Plain is located 20 km northwest of Athens and includes the municipalities of Elefsis, Aspropyrgos, Mandra and the community of Magoula. Although Thriassio Plain extends over an area of 500 km 2, all activities are concentrated in an area of 120 km 2. The presence of several mountains in close proximity to the sea and the local climatic conditions produce local regressive atmospheric circulation patterns that greatly inhibit the capability of atmospheric self-cleaning through dispersion and transport mechanisms. Temperature inversion heights are especially low during the cold period of the year, frequently being lower A. Mavrakis (*) Institute of Urban Environment and Human Resources, Department of Economic and Regional Development, Panteion University, 136 Syngrou Av., Athens , Greece mavrakisan@yahoo.gr C.G. Helmis and P.T. Nastos (eds.), Advances in Meteorology, Climatology and Atmospheric Physics, Springer Atmospheric Sciences, DOI / _85, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
3 600 A. Mavrakis than the surrounding hills and comparable to the highest chimneys of the large industrial compounds. This means that air pollutants are trapped within a shallow layer resulting in high (daily and hourly) pollution concentrations. The Thriassio Plain exhibits the higher (a) industrial activity concentration, (b) fuel consumption and (c) pollution related to the production processes, in Greece (Mavrakis et al. 2011). The area after WWII was industrialized urbanized and became a logistics center while agriculture was abandoned without any plan. This kind of development caused serious pollution problems making the area an example to avoid. The purpose of this work is to investigate possible differentiations of the climatic parameters of the area due to that kind of development. For this purpose, we examine monthly and annual mean values of temperature, relative humidity and precipitation as well as the climatic indices of Kerner, Johansson, de Martonne, Pinna, Discomfort Index (Zambakas 1992) and the SPI (McKee et al. 1995). 2 Data and Methodology The data used, covering the period from 1958 to 2008, were provided from the Hellenic National Meteorological Service and refer to Elefsis station (LGEL). Data includes monthly and annual average values of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and annual (sum) precipitation. The Kerner Oceanity Index identifies if the air masses have an oceanic origin, utilizing the fact that air masses in marine climates are colder during spring than in autumn. The index is expressed as: Z ¼ 100 ðt O T A Þ=R (1) where: T O and T A are the mean air temperatures of October and April respectively and R is the annual temperature range (difference between average temperatures in the warmest and coldest month) in C. Small values of the index indicate a continental climate while values higher than 10 indicate oceanic climate. Johansson Continentality Index is used to discriminate between continental and oceanic climates. The index is calculated by the following formula: K ¼ð1:7 R=sin Þ 20:4 (2) where R, is the annual temperature range, in C, and j is the station s latitude. The de Martonne index is a measure of the aridity of a region and is given by the following relationship: I ¼ P= ðt þ 10Þ (3)
4 Climatic Classification of an Industrial Area of Eastern Mediterranean 601 where P is the monthly sum of precipitation and T the monthly mean air temperature. When the value of I is lower than 20 then the land in this month needs to be irrigated (de Martonne 1926). Pinna has proposed the following index (Zambakas 1992): I ¼ 1=2ððP = T þ 10Þþð12 Px = Tx10ÞÞ (4) where P, T are the annual precipitation and mean air temperature and Px, Tx are the precipitation and mean air temperature of the driest month. This index describes, in a better way, the regions and seasons where irrigation is necessary since it takes into account the precipitation and air temperature of the driest month. For I < 10, the climate is characterized as dry and for 10 I 20 the climate is considered semidry Mediterranean with formal Mediterranean vegetation. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) normalizes anomalies in the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation, thus enabling the comparison of drought severity among areas reflecting different hydrological regimes and quantifies the precipitation deficit for multiple time scales. These time scales reflect the impact of drought on the availability of the different water resources. The index was calculated using the SPI_SL_6 program (NDMC 2011). SPI was applied for five time scales in order to map the monthly, seasonal and annual variations of the phenomenon and examine in depth the effect of drought episodes. In particular, it was calculated for 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months. For the calculation of Discomfort Index (DI) we used the formula (Paliatsos and Nastos 1999): DI ¼ Ta 0:55 ð1 0:01RHÞðTa 14:5Þ (5) where Ta is the air temperature, in C, and RH is the relative humidity (in %). In order to detect possible trends in the aforementioned data we used the non parametric test of Mann Kendall (Sneyers 1990). 3 Results Temperature is the main meteorological parameter that determines the climatic character of an area. In Thriassio, the hottest months are July and August with climatic ( ) average temperature 28.6 and 28.2 C respectively. The highest temperature was recorded on 10th July 1977 (48.0 C) and the second higher temperature was recorded on 26th June 2007 (46.5 C) (Mavrakis et al. 2011). The absolute minimum temperature ( 7.5 C) was recorded on February 21st 2008, while the next lower ( 5.0 C) on 6th January The warmest and driest years were 2007 and During the summer of 2007, four heat waves events were observed (Theoharatos et al. 2010). Moreover, during 2007 low values of total rainfall were recorded while the average monthly value of the ambient temperature exceeded the average of the period under review by 0.7 C. The annual temperature range appears to be higher during the last 15 years compared to the respective
5 602 A. Mavrakis values in previous years, indicating a general tendency for warmer climate (hot summers and colder winders). The annual temperature range, namely the difference between average temperatures in the warmest and coldest month, is 19.4 C, which is in the range of the optimum temperature for human activity (18 20 C). There isn t any clear crossing of the stepwise curves u(t) and u (t) and the Mann-Kendall test gives a value of 1.19, indicating a non-statistically significant trend (Fig. 1a). The relative humidity shows a clear continuous decline during the last 20 years (Fig. 1b) confirmed by a statistically significant value ( 3.62) of the Mann-Kendall test, whereas the crossing of the stepwise curves u(t) and u (t) suggests the turn point year to be The average precipitation shows a declining trend (Fig. 1c), but this doesn t concern the annual precipitation (Fig. 1d). The Mann-Kendall statistic is 0.47 and 0.11 respectively, which are not statistically significant. The starting point of the decrease seems to be around 1977 (for monthly precipitation) and 1972 (for annual). The Kerner index (Fig. 1e) shows a positive yet non-significant trend (Mann- Kendall value 1.18) whereas the crossing of the stepwise curves u(t) and u 0 (t) indicates 1989 as a possible turn point year. According to the results, the climate of Thriassio Plain cannot be characterized as a marine climate, despite its proximity to the sea (Bay of Elefsis). Although the appearance of the sea breeze is very regular in Thriassio, it does not appear to affect significantly the climate of the region, maybe due to the specific geomorphology of the terrain (Mavrakis 2009). According to the Johansson index (Fig. 1f), the climate is characterized as marine when K varies between 0 and 33, as continental when K varies between 34 and 66, and as exceptionally continental when K varies between 67 and 100. According to results, Thriassio Plain is very continental. The estimated values were K > 90: 41 years and K < 90: 7 years. For a number of years we cannot draw any conclusion. Mann-Kendall test value was 1.19 and the crossing of the stepwise curves u(t) and u 0 (t) suggests the turn point year to be The de Martonne climate index shows a normal course with the absence of extreme fluctuations. During 2 years (1964 and 1989) the calculated values were 7.2 and 6 respectively, while annual precipitation was less than 200 and 150 mm, suggesting significant dryness of the area, to such an extent as to reach the stage of desertification. Furthermore, a very impressive result is that the climate is characterized as Mediterranean only during 2 years, while in one case the climate is classified as semihumid. In most cases we are led to the designation semi. Mann-Kendall test value was 0.16 and the crossing of the stepwise curves u(t) and u 0 (t) suggests the turn point year to be 1972 and The Pinna index best describes the areas and the seasons that the irrigation is necessary. The application of the Pinna index gives values of I >5: 41 years and I <5: 9 years (semi-dry Mediterranean climates with typical Mediterranean vegetation). Mann-Kendall test value was 0.09 and the crossing of the stepwise curves u(t) and u 0 (t) suggests turn point years to be 1972 and SPI index (Fig. 1i) gives us the most significant signal concerning temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation. Mann-Kendall test value was 7.63 and the crossing of the stepwise curves u(t) and u 0 (t) suggests the turn point year to be in This means that the area is becoming arid. The latter conclusion is consistent with the intense land use changes that happened during last decades.
6 Climatic Classification of an Industrial Area of Eastern Mediterranean 603 Fig. 1 Mann-Kendal test for annual: (a) air temperature, (b) relative humidity, (c) average precipitation, (d) annual precipitation, (e) Kerner index, (f) Johansson index, (g) de Martonne index, (h) Pinna index, (i) SPI index and (j) Discomfort Index
7 604 A. Mavrakis Finally for DI index (Fig. 1j) Mann-Kendall statistic is 1.38 (non significant) and the crossing of the stepwise curves u(t) and u 0 (t) suggests possible turn point years in 1982 and Conclusions The analysis of the meteorological parameters shows a warming trend, less precipitation and a strong, statistically significant reduction in relative humidity. According to Kerner and Johansson climatic indices, the area exhibits continental characteristics. A more realistic description of the climate was achieved by applying the de Martonne index that classifies the climate of Thriassio Plain as semi-arid. The same result was confirmed by Pinna index. According to the SPI index there is a strong and statistically significant reduction of precipitation both in temporal and spatial terms. The aforementioned indices indicated that possible turning points could be identified during: 1964, 1972, 1977, 1986, 1989, 2000 and The tendency towards a warmer and drier climate, suggested by the above analysis is consistent with intense land use change in the area of interest, and is due to a shift in the management of surface water used for crop irrigation in the region. This result could be a strong indication of the future climate of the area. From all the above results, it is reasonable to wonder about whether desertification is becoming a major problem of the area. References De Martonne E (1941) Nouvelle carte mondiale de l indice s aridité. Météorol 3 26 Mavrakis A (2009) Assessment of the spatial distribution of air pollution and its relation with land uses: the case of the Thriassion Plain. PhD thesis, Department of Economic and Regional Development, Panteion University. Mavrakis A, Spanou A, Pantavou K, Katavoutas G, Theoharatos G, Christides A, Verouti E (2011) Biometeorological and air quality assessment in an industrialized area of eastern Mediterranean-Thriassion Plain-Greece. Int J Biometeorol. doi: /s McKee TB, Doesken NJ, Kleist J (1995) Drought monitoring with multiple time scales. In: Ninth conference on applied climatology. American Meteorological Society, Boston, pp National Drought Mitigation Center (2011) SPI-SL_6 program. Available at edu/monitoringtools/downloadablespiprogram.aspx. Accessed on 2 October 2011 Paliatsos A, Nastos P (1999) Relation between air pollution episodes and Discomfort Index in the greater Athens area, Greece. Global Nest Int J 1(2):91 97 Sneyers R (1990) On the statistical analysis of series of observations. WMO Tech No 143, p 192 Theoharatos G, Pantavou K, Mavrakis A, Spanou A, Katavoutas G, Efstathiou P, Mpekas P, Asimakopoulos D (2010) Heat waves observed in 2007 in Athens, Greece: synoptic conditions, bioclimatological assessment, air quality levels and health effects. Environ Res 110 (2): doi: /j.envres Zambakas J (1992) General climatology. Department of Geology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
What is Climate? Understanding and predicting climatic changes are the basic goals of climatology.
What is Climate? Understanding and predicting climatic changes are the basic goals of climatology. Climatology is the study of Earth s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climatic
More informationDROUGHT MONITORING BULLETIN
DROUGHT MONITORING BULLETIN 24 th November 2014 Hot Spot Standardized Precipitation Index for time period from November 2013 to April 2014 was, due to the lack of precipitation for months, in major part
More informationAnalysis of Relative Humidity in Iraq for the Period
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2015 1 Analysis of Relative Humidity in Iraq for the Period 1951-2010 Abdulwahab H. Alobaidi Department of Electronics,
More informationEnergy Systems, Structures and Processes Essential Standard: Analyze patterns of global climate change over time Learning Objective: Differentiate
Energy Systems, Structures and Processes Essential Standard: Analyze patterns of global climate change over time Learning Objective: Differentiate between weather and climate Global Climate Focus Question
More informationSPI: Standardized Precipitation Index
PRODUCT FACT SHEET: SPI Africa Version 1 (May. 2013) SPI: Standardized Precipitation Index Type Temporal scale Spatial scale Geo. coverage Precipitation Monthly Data dependent Africa (for a range of accumulation
More informationTHE ASSESSMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC DROUGHT DURING VEGETATION SEASON (ACCORDING TO STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION INDEX SPI) IN CENTRAL-EASTERN POLAND
Journal of Ecological Engineering Volume 16, Issue 1, Jan. 2015, pages 87 91 DOI: 10.12911/2299899/591 Research Article THE ASSESSMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC DROUGHT DURING VEGETATION SEASON (ACCORDING TO STANDARDIZED
More informationOur climate system is based on the location of hot and cold air mass regions and the atmospheric circulation created by trade winds and westerlies.
CLIMATE REGIONS Have you ever wondered why one area of the world is a desert, another a grassland, and another a rainforest? Or have you wondered why are there different types of forests and deserts with
More informationAir temperature and selected air pollutant variation during the partial solar eclipse of 11 August 1999, over the greater Attica area, Greece
Air temperature and selected air pollutant variation during the partial solar eclipse of 11 August 1999, over the greater Attica area, Greece A. Mavrakis 1, S. Lykoudis 2 & G. Theoharatos 3 1 Environmental
More informationMarche Region Climate Analysis. (source).
Marche Region. Climate Analysis by Danilo Tognetti 1, Leonesi Stefano 2 Globally, after three years of broken warmth records, was not the hottest one. Neverthelesss came second in the list of the hottest
More informationKeywords: lightning climatology; lightning flashes; Macedonia Greece.
International Scientific Conference GEOBALCANICA 2018 A 10-YEAR CLIMATOLOGY OF LIGHTNING FOR MACEDONIA, GREECE Paraskevi Roupa 1 Theodore Karacostas 2 1 Hellenic National Meteorological Service, Greece
More informationAnalysis of Meteorological drought condition for Bijapur region in the lower Bhima basin, India
Analysis of Meteorological drought condition for Bijapur region in the lower Bhima basin, India Mamatha.K PG Student Department of WLM branch VTU, Belagavi Dr. Nagaraj Patil Professor and Head of the Department
More informationINVESTIGATING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON SURFACE SOIL PROFILE TEMPERATURE (CASE STUDY: AHWAZ SW OF IRAN)
INVESTIGATING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON SURFACE SOIL PROFILE TEMPERATURE (CASE STUDY: AHWAZ SW OF IRAN) Kazem Hemmadi 1, Fatemeh Zakerihosseini 2 ABSTRACT In arid and semi-arid regions, warming of soil
More informationDrought Assessment under Climate Change by Using NDVI and SPI for Marathwada
Available online at www.ijpab.com ISSN: 2320 7051 Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. SPI: 6 (1): 1-5 (2018) Research Article Drought Assessment under Climate Change by Using NDVI and SPI for Marathwada A. U. Waikar
More informationSpatio-temporal pattern of drought in Northeast of Iran
Spatio-temporal pattern of drought in Northeast of Iran Akhtari R., Bandarabadi S.R., Saghafian B. in López-Francos A. (ed.). Drought management: scientific and technological innovations Zaragoza : CIHEAM
More informationResearch note UDC: 911.2:511.58(497.16) DOI:
www.gi.sanu.ac.rs, www.doiserbia.nb.rs, Research note UDC: 911.2:511.58(497.16) DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/ijgi180423009b INDICATORS OF SPECIFICITY OF CLIMATE: THE EXAMPLE OF PODGORICA (MONTENEGRO) Dragan
More informationClimate Classification
Chapter 15: World Climates The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12 th Lutgens Tarbuck Lectures by: Heather Gallacher, Cleveland State University Climate Classification Köppen classification:
More informationMarche Region Climate Analysis by Danilo Tognetti 1
Marche Region. 2016 Climate Analysis by Danilo Tognetti 1 With the contribution of eight consecutive high monthly temperature records set from January to August, and the remainder of the months ranking
More informationJ8.4 TRENDS OF U.S. SNOWFALL AND SNOW COVER IN A WARMING WORLD,
J8.4 TRENDS OF U.S. SNOWFALL AND SNOW COVER IN A WARMING WORLD, 1948-2008 Richard R. Heim Jr. * NOAA National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina 1. Introduction The Intergovernmental Panel
More informationAnalysis of Rainfall and Other Weather Parameters under Climatic Variability of Parbhani ( )
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 06 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.706.295
More informationSPI analysis over Greece using high resolution precipitation gridded datasets
European Water 60: 319-326, 2017. 2017 E.W. Publications SPI analysis over Greece using high resolution precipitation gridded datasets E.G. Feloni 1*, K.G. Kotsifakis 1, P.T. Nastos 2 and E.A. Baltas 1
More informationDEPARTMENT OF EARTH & CLIMATE SCIENCES Name SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY Nov 29, ERTH 360 Test #2 200 pts
DEPARTMENT OF EARTH & CLIMATE SCIENCES Name SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY Nov 29, 2018 ERTH 360 Test #2 200 pts Each question is worth 4 points. Indicate your BEST CHOICE for each question on the Scantron
More informationUrban-rural humidity and temperature differences in the Beijing area
Theor Appl Climatol (9) 9:1 7 DOI 1.17/s7 ORIGINAL PAPER Urban-rural humidity and temperature differences in the Beijing area Weidong Liu & Huanling You & Junxia Dou Received: 5 June 7 /Accepted: 7 March
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 21 Climate 21.1 Factors That Affect Climate Factors That Affect Climate Latitude As latitude increases, the intensity of solar energy decreases. The
More informationMeteorology. Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer
Chapter 3 Worksheet 1 Meteorology Name: Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 1) If the maximum temperature for a particular day is 26 C and the minimum temperature is 14 C, the daily
More informationChapter outline. Reference 12/13/2016
Chapter 2. observation CC EST 5103 Climate Change Science Rezaul Karim Environmental Science & Technology Jessore University of science & Technology Chapter outline Temperature in the instrumental record
More informationClimate briefing. Wellington region, May Alex Pezza and Mike Thompson Environmental Science Department
Climate briefing Wellington region, May 2016 Alex Pezza and Mike Thompson Environmental Science Department For more information, contact the Greater Wellington Regional Council: Wellington PO Box 11646
More informationLecture 28: Observed Climate Variability and Change
Lecture 28: Observed Climate Variability and Change 1. Introduction This chapter focuses on 6 questions - Has the climate warmed? Has the climate become wetter? Are the atmosphere/ocean circulations changing?
More informationClimate change in Croatia: observations and modeling
Climate change in Croatia: observations and modeling Lidija Srnec Meteorological and Hydrological Service Zagreb, CROATIA Selected chapters: Observed climate changes in Croatia (Ksenija Cindrić, Marjana
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 21 Climate 21.1 Factors That Affect Climate Factors That Affect Climate Latitude As latitude increases, the intensity of solar energy decreases. The
More informationClimate Change Impact on Air Temperature, Daily Temperature Range, Growing Degree Days, and Spring and Fall Frost Dates In Nebraska
EXTENSION Know how. Know now. Climate Change Impact on Air Temperature, Daily Temperature Range, Growing Degree Days, and Spring and Fall Frost Dates In Nebraska EC715 Kari E. Skaggs, Research Associate
More informationExtreme temperatures in Greece during 2007: Could this be a return to the future?
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 36, L10813, doi:10.1029/2009gl038538, 2009 Extreme temperatures in Greece during 2007: Could this be a return to the future? Konstantia Tolika, 1 Panagiotis Maheras,
More informationImpacts of the climate change on the precipitation regime on the island of Cyprus
Impacts of the climate change on the precipitation regime on the island of Cyprus Michael Petrakis, Christos Giannakopoulos, Giannis Lemesios Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development,
More informationWMO technical conference on climate services building on clips legacy
WMO technical conference on climate services building on clips legacy conjunction with the Sixteenth Session of WMO Commission for Climatology (CCl-16) and the 35 th Meeting of the Joint Scientific Committee
More informationUniversal thermal climate index (UTCI) and synoptic circulation patterns over the metropolitan city of Athens, Greece
Global NEST Journal, Vol 20, No X, pp XX-XX Copyright 2018 Global NEST Printed in Greece. All rights reserved Universal thermal climate index (UTCI) and synoptic circulation patterns over the metropolitan
More informationInfluence Of Mild Winters On Groundwater In Bulgaria
BALWOIS Ohrid, FY Republic of Macedonia, 5-9 May Influence Of Mild Winters On Groundwater In Bulgaria Teodossiia Andreeva National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology ( NIMH ) Sofia, Bulgaria Tatiana
More informationLECTURE #14: Extreme Heat & Desertification
GEOL 0820 Ramsey Natural Disasters Spring, 2018 LECTURE #14: Extreme Heat & Desertification Date: 27 February 2018 (lecturer: Dr. Shawn Wright) I. Start of Part 2 of the Course weather-related disasters
More informationHIGHLIGHTS. Selected stations in eight parishes received below-normal rainfall in November.
AGROMET BULLETIN Volume 6. No. 11 November 2018 Weather Summary November 2018 HIGHLIGHTS Selected stations in eight parishes received below-normal rainfall in November. Drier conditions were noticeable
More informationAnalysis of Historical Pattern of Rainfall in the Western Region of Bangladesh
24 25 April 214, Asian University for Women, Bangladesh Analysis of Historical Pattern of Rainfall in the Western Region of Bangladesh Md. Tanvir Alam 1*, Tanni Sarker 2 1,2 Department of Civil Engineering,
More informationHIGHLIGHTS. All thirteen parishes received below-normal rainfall in July.
AGROMET BULLETIN Volume 6. No. 7 July 2018 HIGHLIGHTS All thirteen parishes received below-normal rainfall in July. Except for Trelawny and St. Catherine, all other parishes recorded meteorological drought
More informationSeasonal forecasting of climate anomalies for agriculture in Italy: the TEMPIO Project
Seasonal forecasting of climate anomalies for agriculture in Italy: the TEMPIO Project M. Baldi(*), S. Esposito(**), E. Di Giuseppe (**), M. Pasqui(*), G. Maracchi(*) and D. Vento (**) * CNR IBIMET **
More informationThe Global Scope of Climate. The Global Scope of Climate. Keys to Climate. Chapter 8
The Global Scope of Climate Chapter 8 The Global Scope of Climate In its most general sense, climate is the average weather of a region, but except where conditions change very little during the course
More informationTHE STUDY OF NUMBERS AND INTENSITY OF TROPICAL CYCLONE MOVING TOWARD THE UPPER PART OF THAILAND
THE STUDY OF NUMBERS AND INTENSITY OF TROPICAL CYCLONE MOVING TOWARD THE UPPER PART OF THAILAND Aphantree Yuttaphan 1, Sombat Chuenchooklin 2 and Somchai Baimoung 3 ABSTRACT The upper part of Thailand
More informationINFLUENCE OF THE AVERAGING PERIOD IN AIR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
INFLUENCE OF THE AVERAGING PERIOD IN AIR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT Hristomir Branzov 1, Valentina Pencheva 2 1 National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Sofia, Bulgaria, Hristomir.Branzov@meteo.bg
More informationTREND AND VARIABILITY ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL SERIES AND THEIR EXTREME
TREND AND VARIABILITY ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL SERIES AND THEIR EXTREME EVENTS J. Abaurrea, A. C. Cebrián. Dpto. Métodos Estadísticos. Universidad de Zaragoza. Abstract: Rainfall series and their corresponding
More informationClimate Chapter 19. Earth Science, 10e. Stan Hatfield and Ken Pinzke Southwestern Illinois College
Climate Chapter 19 Earth Science, 10e Stan Hatfield and Ken Pinzke Southwestern Illinois College The climate system A. Climate is an aggregate of weather B. Involves the exchanges of energy and moisture
More informationApril Figure 1: Precipitation Pattern from for Jamaica.
April 2018 Introduction This rainfall summary is prepared by the Climate Branch of the Meteorological Service, Jamaica. The Meteorological Service maintains a network of approximately one hundred and seventy
More informationRainfall Trend in Semi Arid Region Yerala River Basin of Western Maharashtra, India
Rainfall Trend in Semi Arid Region Yerala River Basin of Western Maharashtra, India Abhijit M. Zende 1, Dr. R. Nagarajan 2, Kamalkishor R. Atal 3 1&2 Centre of Studies in Resource Engineering, Indian Institute
More informationANALYSIS OF FLOODS AND DROUGHTS IN THE BAGO RIVER BASIN, MYANMAR, UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE
ANALYSIS OF FLOODS AND DROUGHTS IN THE BAGO RIVER BASIN, MYANMAR, UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE Myo Myat Thu* MEE15631 ABSTRACT 1 Supervisor: Dr. Maskym Gusyev** Dr. Akira Hasegawa** This study investigates floods
More informationModule 11: Meteorology Topic 3 Content: Climate Zones Notes
Introduction Latitude is such an important climate factor that you can make generalizations about a location's climate based on its latitude. Areas near the equator or the low latitudes are generally hot
More informationHIGHLIGHTS. The majority of stations experienced above-normal rainfall in November.
AGROMET BULLETIN Volume 5. No. 11 November 2017 HIGHLIGHTS The majority of stations experienced above-normal rainfall in November. Near-normal to above-normal rainfall is forecast for December through
More informationWeather and Climate of the Rogue Valley By Gregory V. Jones, Ph.D., Southern Oregon University
Weather and Climate of the Rogue Valley By Gregory V. Jones, Ph.D., Southern Oregon University The Rogue Valley region is one of many intermountain valley areas along the west coast of the United States.
More informationA summary of the weather year based on data from the Zumwalt weather station
ZUMWALT PRAIRIE WEATHER 2016 A summary of the weather year based on data from the Zumwalt weather station Figure 1. An unusual summer storm on July 10, 2016 brought the second-largest precipitation day
More informationThe agroclimatic resource change in Mongolia
The agroclimatic resource change in Mongolia Azzaya D, Gantsetseg B, Munkhzul D Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology,Juulchny gudamj-5, Ulaanbaatar-46, Mongolia, 210646, meteoins@magicnet.mn, azzaya23@yahoo.com
More informationDROUGHT IN MAINLAND PORTUGAL
DROUGHT IN MAINLAND Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior Instituto de Meteorologia, I. P. Rua C Aeroporto de Lisboa Tel.: (351) 21 844 7000 e-mail:informacoes@meteo.pt 1749-077 Lisboa Portugal
More informationIndices and Indicators for Drought Early Warning
Indices and Indicators for Drought Early Warning ADRIAN TROTMAN CHIEF, APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY CARIBBEAN INSTITUTE FOR METEOROLOGY AND HYDROLOGY IN COLLABORATION WITH THE NATIONAL DROUGHT MITIGATION
More informationCHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION There is now unequivocal evidence from direct observations of a warming of the climate system (IPCC, 2007). Despite remaining uncertainties, it is now clear that the upward trend
More informationAssessment of the Impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Events on Rainfall Amount in South-Western Nigeria
2016 Pearl Research Journals Journal of Physical Science and Environmental Studies Vol. 2 (2), pp. 23-29, August, 2016 ISSN 2467-8775 Full Length Research Paper http://pearlresearchjournals.org/journals/jpses/index.html
More informationSeasonal prediction of extreme events
Seasonal prediction of extreme events C. Prodhomme, F. Doblas-Reyes MedCOF training, 29 October 2015, Madrid Climate Forecasting Unit Outline: Why focusing on extreme events? Extremeness metric Soil influence
More informationClimate Downscaling 201
Climate Downscaling 201 (with applications to Florida Precipitation) Michael E. Mann Departments of Meteorology & Geosciences; Earth & Environmental Systems Institute Penn State University USGS-FAU Precipitation
More informationClimate Change in Colorado: Recent Trends, Future Projections and Impacts An Update to the Executive Summary of the 2014 Report
Climate Change in Colorado: Recent Trends, Future Projections and Impacts An Update to the Executive Summary of the 2014 Report Jeff Lukas, Western Water Assessment, University of Colorado Boulder - Lukas@colorado.edu
More informationWhat is the IPCC? Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC WG1 FAQ What is the IPCC? Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change The IPCC is a scientific intergovernmental body set up by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and by the United Nations
More informationMozambique. General Climate. UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles. C. McSweeney 1, M. New 1,2 and G. Lizcano 1
UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles Mozambique C. McSweeney 1, M. New 1,2 and G. Lizcano 1 1. School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford. 2.Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research http://country-profiles.geog.ox.ac.uk
More informationProject Name: Implementation of Drought Early-Warning System over IRAN (DESIR)
Project Name: Implementation of Drought Early-Warning System over IRAN (DESIR) IRIMO's Committee of GFCS, National Climate Center, Mashad November 2013 1 Contents Summary 3 List of abbreviations 5 Introduction
More informationMPACT OF EL-NINO ON SUMMER MONSOON RAINFALL OF PAKISTAN
MPACT OF EL-NINO ON SUMMER MONSOON RAINFALL OF PAKISTAN Abdul Rashid 1 Abstract: El-Nino is the dominant mod of inter- annual climate variability on a planetary scale. Its impact is associated worldwide
More informationAn ENSO-Neutral Winter
An ENSO-Neutral Winter This issue of the Blue Water Outlook newsletter is devoted towards my thoughts on the long range outlook for winter. You will see that I take a comprehensive approach to this outlook
More informationAttribution of Estonian phyto-, ornitho- and ichtyophenological trends with parameters of changing climate
Attribution of Estonian phyto-, ornitho- and ichtyophenological trends with parameters of changing climate Rein Ahas*, Anto Aasa, Institute of Geography, University of Tartu, Vanemuise st 46, Tartu, 51014,
More informationExtremes Events in Climate Change Projections Jana Sillmann
Extremes Events in Climate Change Projections Jana Sillmann Max Planck Institute for Meteorology International Max Planck Research School on Earth System Modeling Temperature distribution IPCC (2001) Outline
More informationHIGHLIGHTS. Central and some western stations experienced abovenormal rainfall and wet conditions.
AGROMET BULLETIN Volume 5. No. 3 March 2017 HIGHLIGHTS Central and some western stations experienced abovenormal rainfall and wet conditions. Below normal rainfall is forecast for most areas for April
More informationTHE USE OF STANDARDIZED INDICATORS (SPI AND SPEI) IN PREDICTING DROUGHTS OVER THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA TERRITORY
DOI 10.1515/pesd-2015-0032 PESD, VOL. 9, no. 2, 2015 THE USE OF STANDARDIZED INDICATORS (SPI AND SPEI) IN PREDICTING DROUGHTS OVER THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA TERRITORY Nedealcov M. 1, Răileanu V. 1, Sîrbu
More informationJournal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2017; 6(4): Sujitha E and Shanmugasundaram K
2017; 6(4): 452-457 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2017; 6(4): 452-457 Received: 01-05-2017 Accepted: 02-06-2017 Sujitha E Research Scholar, Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering,
More informationPOTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND DRYNESS / DROUGHT PHENOMENA IN COVURLUI FIELD AND BRATEŞ FLOODPLAIN
PRESENT ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, VOL. 5, no.2, 2011 POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND DRYNESS / DROUGHT PHENOMENA IN COVURLUI FIELD AND BRATEŞ FLOODPLAIN Gigliola Elena Ureche (Dobrin) 1
More informationSummer 2018 Southern Company Temperature/Precipitation Forecast
Scott A. Yuknis High impact weather forecasts, climate assessment and prediction. 14 Boatwright s Loop Plymouth, MA 02360 Phone/Fax 508.927.4610 Cell: 508.813.3499 ClimateImpact@comcast.net Climate Impact
More informationUrban heat island in the metropolitan area of São Paulo and the influence of warm and dry air masses during summer
Urban heat island in the metropolitan area of São Paulo and the influence of warm and dry air masses during summer Flavia N. D. Ribeiro1, Arissa S. umezaki1, Jhonathan F. T. de Souza1, Jacyra Soares2,
More informationStudy of Hydrometeorology in a Hard Rock Terrain, Kadirischist Belt Area, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh
Open Journal of Geology, 2012, 2, 294-300 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2012.24028 Published Online October 2012 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojg) Study of Hydrometeorology in a Hard Rock Terrain, Kadirischist
More informationExtreme Air Temperature at the Southwestern Slope of Pirin Mountain (Bulgaria)
Extreme Air Temperature at the Southwestern Slope of Pirin Mountain (Bulgaria) Nina Nikolova, Georgi Rachev, Dimitar Krenchev Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski Bulgaria Acknowledgements: The study
More informationChanges in Observed Air Temperature in Kuwait from 2001 to 2016
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES) Volume 6 Issue 10 Pages PP 67-74 2017 ISSN (e): 2319 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 1805 Changes in Observed Air Temperature in Kuwait from 2001 to 2016
More informationThe South Eastern Australian Climate Initiative
The South Eastern Australian Climate Initiative Phase 2 of the South Eastern Australian Climate Initiative (SEACI) is a three-year (2009 2012), $9 million research program investigating the causes and
More informationTrend analysis of precipitation and drought in the Aegean region, Turkey
METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS Meteorol. Appl. 24: 239 249 (2017) Published online 2 March 2017 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/met.1622 Trend analysis of precipitation and drought
More informationTropical Climates Zone
Tropical Climates Zone RAIN FOREST CENTRAL AFRICA, SOUTH AMERICA (AMAZON), CENTRAL AMERICA, S.E. ASIA HUMID/WARM ANNUAL RAINFALL 200 CM TYPE #1: TROPICAL DESERT N. AFRICA (SAHARA) & S.W. ASIA < 25 CM
More informationWHAT CAN MAPS TELL US ABOUT THE GEOGRAPHY OF ANCIENT GREECE? MAP TYPE 1: CLIMATE MAPS
WHAT CAN MAPS TELL US ABOUT THE GEOGRAPHY OF ANCIENT GREECE? MAP TYPE 1: CLIMATE MAPS MAP TYPE 2: PHYSICAL AND/OR TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPS MAP TYPE 3: POLITICAL MAPS TYPE 4: RESOURCE & TRADE MAPS Descriptions
More informationNational Wildland Significant Fire Potential Outlook
National Wildland Significant Fire Potential Outlook National Interagency Fire Center Predictive Services Issued: September, 2007 Wildland Fire Outlook September through December 2007 Significant fire
More informationData sources for FAO worldmaps of Koeppen climatologies and climatic net primary production
Data sources for FO worldmaps of Koeppen climatologies and climatic net primary production Jürgen Grieser, René Gommes, Stephen Cofield and Michele Bernardi The gromet Group, SDRN FO of the UN, Viale delle
More informationAssessing the Areal Extent of Drought
Assessing the l Extent of Drought George TSAKIRIS, Dialecti PANGALOU, Dimitris TIGKAS, Harris VANGELIS Lab. of Reclamation Works and Water Resources Management School of Rural and Surveying Engineering
More informationL.O Students will learn about factors that influences the environment
Name L.O Students will learn about factors that influences the environment Date 1. At the present time, glaciers occur mostly in areas of A) high latitude or high altitude B) low latitude or low altitude
More informationTropical Moist Rainforest
Tropical or Lowlatitude Climates: Controlled by equatorial tropical air masses Tropical Moist Rainforest Rainfall is heavy in all months - more than 250 cm. (100 in.). Common temperatures of 27 C (80 F)
More informationLecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 20 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens
Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 20 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors
More informationStudies on adaptation capacity of Carpathian ecosystems/landscape to climate change
` Studies on adaptation capacity of Carpathian ecosystems/landscape to climate change Science for the Carpathians CARPATHIAN CONVENTION COP5 Lillafüred, 10.10.2017-12.10.2017 Marcel Mîndrescu, Anita Bokwa
More informationSummary report for Ruamāhanga Whaitua Committee The climate of the Ruamāhanga catchment
Summary report for Ruamāhanga Whaitua Committee The climate of the Ruamāhanga catchment The Tararua and Rimutaka ranges have a large influence on the climate of the Ruamāhanga catchment. The ranges shelter
More informationComparative assessment of different drought indices across the Mediterranean
European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2016 Vienna, Austria, 17-22 April 2016 Session HS7.4: Change in climate, hydrology and society, Vol. 18, EGU2016-18537, 2016. Comparative assessment of different
More informationKeys to Climate Climate Classification Low Latitude Climates Midlatitude Climates High Latitude Climates Highland Climates Our Changing Climate
Climate Global Climates Keys to Climate Climate Classification Low Latitude Climates Midlatitude Climates High Latitude Climates Highland Climates Our Changing Climate Keys to Climate Climate the average
More informationAnalysis of gross alpha, gross beta activities and beryllium-7 concentrations in surface air: their variation and statistical prediction model
Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2006; 4 (3): 155-159 Analysis of gross alpha, gross beta activities and beryllium-7 concentrations in surface air: their variation and statistical prediction model F.Arkian 1*, M.
More informationDrought Monitoring in Mainland Portugal
Drought Monitoring in Mainland Portugal 1. Accumulated precipitation since 1st October 2014 (Hydrological Year) The accumulated precipitation amount since 1 October 2014 until the end of April 2015 (Figure
More informationChapter-1 Introduction
Modeling of rainfall variability and drought assessment in Sabarmati basin, Gujarat, India Chapter-1 Introduction 1.1 General Many researchers had studied variability of rainfall at spatial as well as
More informationWeather and Climate Summary and Forecast February 2018 Report
Weather and Climate Summary and Forecast February 2018 Report Gregory V. Jones Linfield College February 5, 2018 Summary: For the majority of the month of January the persistent ridge of high pressure
More informationDrought Assessment Using GIS and Remote Sensing in Amman-Zarqa Basin, Jordan
Drought Assessment Using GIS and Remote Sensing in Amman-Zarqa Basin, Jordan Nezar Hammouri 1) and Ali El-Naqa 2) 1) Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Hashemite University,
More informationWeather and Climate Summary and Forecast March 2018 Report
Weather and Climate Summary and Forecast March 2018 Report Gregory V. Jones Linfield College March 7, 2018 Summary: The ridge pattern that brought drier and warmer conditions from December through most
More informationMeteorology. Chapter 15 Worksheet 1
Chapter 15 Worksheet 1 Meteorology Name: Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 1) The Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle are examples of locations determined by: a) measuring systems.
More informationObserved Climate Variability and Change: Evidence and Issues Related to Uncertainty
Observed Climate Variability and Change: Evidence and Issues Related to Uncertainty David R. Easterling National Climatic Data Center Asheville, North Carolina Overview Some examples of observed climate
More informationThe New Normal or Was It?
The New Normal or Was It? by Chuck Coffey The recent drought has caused many to reflect upon the past and wonder what is in store for the future. Just a couple of years ago, few agricultural producers
More informationChapter 3 Climate and the General Circulation
Chapter 3 Climate and the General Circulation 1. Climate Defined 1.1. Weather and Climate When we talk about the weather, we are talking about the condition of the atmosphere at any particular time and
More information