A.C.R.E and. C3S Data Rescue Capacity Building Workshops. December 4-8, 2017 Auckland, New Zealand. Session 3: Rescue of Large Format and Analog Data

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1 A.C.R.E and C3S Data Rescue Capacity Building Workshops December 4-8, 2017 Auckland, New Zealand Dr. Rick Crouthamel, D.Sc. Executive Director Session 3: Rescue of Large Format and Analog Data 4 December :30 PM 1:50 PM International Environmental Data Rescue Organization IEDRO

2 What is Weather Wizards? This citizen scientist/crowd-sourcing website enables volunteers from all over the globe to digitize rescued historic weather observations more rapidly, more accurately and less expensively than manual digitization digitized by volunteers or only by individuals designated by the data owners. Digitizing pluviograms [rainfall] [NOW] 3,600 of 7,000 from El Salvador (La Union and San Miguel)

3 Thanks to Copernicus funding, Weather Wizards soon will digitize. Barograms [SOON] Thermograms [SOON] Alpha-numeric forms [SOON] Later Pyroheliometer Records, Wind, Relative Humidity, Bathythermograph records, Streamflow records, Many other parameters

4 Why develop Weather Wizards? First a bit of history The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) established the Climate Database Modernization Program (CDMP) in the 1990s. IEDRO rescued (had digitally photographed) historic hydrometeorological observations from the National Meteorological and Hydrologic Services (NMHS) of 15 countries. We provided computers, cameras, training, etc. The NMHS staff did the imaging. The NMHSs sent the images to IEDRO. After checking each image for clarity and file name, we sent these images to the CDMP program where commercial companies keyed the rescued data into NOAA s world data bases Together we rescued and digitized millions of upper-air observations.

5 History continued In March 2013 the US Congress eliminated the $10 million annual funding as an economy move and digitization stopped! Perhaps the cessation of federal government funding was simply to prevent more historic climate data from being archived, data that illustrated global warming trends. Regardless of the motive, funding stopped and so did the digitization. In April 2013 IEDRO started the development of Weather Wizards to begin digitizing those critical data before they were lost forever.

6 History continued Why did IEDRO begin a digitization program? Without government or donor funding, commercial company digitization would be far too expensive. Let s look at alpha-numeric forms such as aviation observations. The cost of only historic hourly aviation observations Under the CDMP program, contractors were charging $0.02/key stroke. Approximately 100 key strokes are needed to key one hourly aviation observation A minimum of 24 observations are recorded each day There are 365 days in a year Even a small country has 25 observation sites Each site has at least 50 years of data $0.02 x 100 x 24 x 365 x 25 x 50 = $21,900,00.00 To commercially digitize only a small country s aviation observations would be $21,900,000

7 What are the choices in digitizing data? Commercial Keying of the data Too expensive for most NMHSs or donor organizations Allows non-nmhs personnel access to their data security issues Usually requires contracts, money up front, tracking of financial costs linked to production Manual keying of data by NMHS personnel Process is slow due to NMHS personnel having other duties and not adept at data entry Keying accuracy is questionable Quality control is laborious and requires additional personnel since initial digitization must be checked. Citizen Scientist / Crowd-sourcing digitization of data

8 What are the choices in digitizing data? Citizen Scientist / Crowd-sourcing digitization of data Speed Accuracy Security Cost Speed is rapid due to thousands of volunteers digitizing the data Accuracy is excellent [with Weather Wizards]due to quality validation by two levels of experts reviewing each digitized page Additional security is available. Data digitization can be restricted only to NMHS employees Total cost is minimal due to volunteers providing digitization. Cost of digitizing various hydrometeorological forms is cost effective

9 Why digitize pluviograms first? More people die from floods related events than all other natural disasters combined (except starvation) Weather Wizards is digitizing 6,800 pluviograms (from two sites in El Salvador closest to a mud slide that killed 200 people on November 9, 2009 (La Union and San Miguel). Rainfall amounts every 5 minutes will be available to mud slide modelers to correlate with other mud slide events to determine the amounts that trigger such events.

10 Who Developed Weather Wizards? The Weather Wizards platform was built for IEDRO through donations and with much pro bono work by Summit Business Technologies Summit Business Technologies, Inc Cloverleaf Drive, Suite 106 Millersville, Maryland USA Summit continues to Develop Weather Wizards capabilities to digitize barograms, thermograms, etc. Maintain the Weather Wizards server Load the images to be digitized Maintain the operation of the Weather Wizards system Seek ways to improve the operations and handle additional data formats

11

12 Questions Most Frequently Asked Why worry about analog strip charts instead of alpha-numeric forms which are more numerous? We believe there exist over 150,000,000 analog strip charts throughout the world in need of digitization Pluviograms, barograms, thermograms, humidity charts, wind registers, etc. To the best of our knowledge, few programs exist to digitize these analog charts Digitizing analog charts manually is very time consuming and difficult to validate

13 Weather Wizards Questions Most Frequently Asked There are a number of capable citizen scientist/crowd-sourcing websites capable of digitizing alpha-numeric data Old Weather is an online weather data project that digitizes weather observations recorded in ship log books dating from the mid-19th century onwards. Zooniverse is a citizen science web portal that among other things, digitizes climate data.

14 Weather Wizards The Way the Process Works Data Owners (National Meteorological and Hydrologic Services) NMHSs take digital images of the paper-based data which they need digitized. send samples of the specific form or strip chart to IEDRO via our Google Cloud. IEDRO determines the cost for Weather Wizards to handle that specific chart usually USD $1000 to USD $1500 (developing country rate). after receiving payment, Weather Wizards is modified to digitize that particular form. notifies the NMHS to send us the images they want digitized over the Google Cloud. loads all the images onto Weather Wizards with a unique project name and description. The images are then open to volunteers from all over the world to digitize the forms. returns the digitized data to the NMHS as well as destroying all the images from which the digitization was made once all digitization is completed.

15 Questions Most Frequently Asked Weather Wizards software is kept within IEDRO and not provided to any other organization. If IEDRO gave the software to any other organization IEDRO would be continually requested to assist in handling perceived problems real or imagined. We are not staffed to provide a help desk Personnel in the organization might attempt to modify the software to make it run better. Once IEDRO lost control of the software, there would no longer be a guarantee that the data digitized using it would be accurately digitized. No World Data Center would accept those digitized data without validation certification and most World Data Centers would not be willing to run their own validation tests.

16 WHAT WE NEED NOW Weather Wizards needs imaged historic data to digitize! We have an immediate need for images of precipitation strip charts (pluviograms) which can be in a JPEG format. Once taken, the images would be sent to IEDRO s Google Cloud from which they would be entered into Weather Wizards Other images which will be soon needed will be those of barograms, thermograms and alpha-numeric forms Limited funds are available for IEDRO to modify Weather Wizards to handle each new form format but priorities will be given to those form submissions that come with funding.

17 Thank You! Contact Information Rick Crouthamel, D.Sc. International Environmental Data Rescue Organization (IEDRO) mobile

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