Lecture 4 Air Temperature. Measuring Temperature. Measuring Temperature. Surface & Air Temperature. Environmental Contrasts 3/27/2012

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Lecture 4 Air Temperature. Measuring Temperature. Measuring Temperature. Surface & Air Temperature. Environmental Contrasts 3/27/2012"

Transcription

1 Lecture 4 Air Temperature Geo210 An Introduction to Physical Geography Temperature Concepts and Measurement Temperature the average kinetic energy (motion) of molecules of matter Temperature Scales Fahrenheit U.S., Jamaica water freezes absolute zero Celsius most of world uses 0 - water freezes C - Absolute Zero Kelvin scientific world water freezes 0 K absolute zero Michael Paluzzi Measuring Temperature Thermometer Alcohol cold climates Freezes at 170 F Mercury Freezes at F As liquid is heated, it expands Min-max thermometer Current (62 F) Minimum (58 F) maximum (76 F) daily temperatures are displayed Measuring Temperature Instrument Shelter Stored outside Out of direct sunlight in small enclosures White reflectance 4-6 above ground Grassy surface Temps recorded at set intervals Hourly, daily, etc. Environmental Contrasts Urban and Rural Temperatures Surface materials influence temperature strongly Transpiration: the process by which plants lose water to the atmosphere by evaporation through leaf pores Evapotranspiration: the combined water flow to the atmosphere by evaporation from soil and transpiration from plants Surface & Air Temperature The Urban Heat Island City centers tend to be several degrees warmer than surrounding suburbs and countryside. Urban Heat Island: area at the center of a city that has a higher temperature than surrounding regions 1

2 1. Latitude Affects insolation Insolation amount of solar radiation received Farther from the equator, weaker the suns rays are Salvador, Brazil 13 S lat New Orleans, 30 N Edinburgh, Scotland 56 N, 134 meters Montreal 45.5 N, 57 m Barrow, AK 71 N 2. Altitude High altitude has greater daily range Nighttime cooling is greater High altitude has lower annual average Atmosphere is less dense at higher altitudes Fewer air molecules sun s rays stronger Concepcion, Bolivia 16, 490 m La Paz, Bolivia 16, 4100m Air Temperature Cycles Mean Air Temperature Peru 15 S 15 day period in July As elevation increases Daily temperature decreases Temperature range increases 3. Cloud Cover 50% of earth covered by clouds at any given time Helping to moderate temperatures cooler days, warmer nights when cloudy Lower daytime temperatures blocking suns rays High albedo - reflectance Raise nighttime temperatures insulating the ground Places lacking cloud cover cool rapidly Alexander von Humboldt (early 1800 s) declines in temperature as he ascended to higher elevations Altitudinal zonation - the relationship between cooler temperatures at higher elevations and changes in vegetation based on the normal lapse rate Normal lapse rate: temperature is the average decrease in temp with altitude through the troposphere (up to 11 miles from the surface). 3.5 F/1000 (6.5 C/1000m) Basically - as altitude increases, temps decrease Normal Lapse Rate 2

3 : reversal of normal temperature pattern so that air temperature increases with altitude Evaporation Most evaporation occurs over the oceans (84%) Water heat is absorbed in water vapor Results in lower temperatures Land less heat is absorbed (due to less evaporation) Less moderated than over water Transparency Land opaque light is absorbed heating the ground surface Min and max temps occur at the surface Temps remain relatively constant below the surface Water transparent light penetrates to avg. of 60 m Specific heat heat capacity of a substance Water has a higher specific heat (4x) Therefore more energy is needed to raise the temperature of water Takes longer for water to warm than land This is why the ocean is cold in the early summer months Movement Land rigid does not move no mixing between layers Water fluid capable of movement Currents result in mixing cooler and warmer water Surface water and deeper water mix 3

4 Ocean currents and sea surface temperatures Ocean temperature impacts land temperatures Warm ocean current brings warm water north to southeastern Iceland 65 Latitude but average is above freezing all year long Seasonal shift in ocean temperatures Marine effect exhibit moderate influences of the ocean (ex. Vancouver, BC) Continental effects areas less affected by the sea, therefore have greater range between max and min temperatures (Winnipeg, Manitoba) Both 49 N Vancouver - 28 F temp. range Winnipeg - 64 F Temp range Marine effect San Francisco, CA Continental effects Wichita, Kansas Both 37 N San Francisco - 16 F temp. range Wichita - 49 F Temp range Earth s Temperature Patterns January Temperature Map Thermal equator moves southward Isotherm connecting all points of highest mean temperature Isotherm an isoline connecting points of equal temperature (contour line) Movement more pronounced over large continents In the Northern Hemispheric summer - north of the geographical equator and moves south in the winter. Earth s Temperature Patterns July Temperature Map Thermal equator moves northward More pronounced over large continents Global Temperature Ranges Greatest in the vast interiors of large continents (North America & Asia). (Continental Effect) Least in maritime regions (Marine Effect) Global annual temperature ranges (Jan. vs. July means) 4

5 Air Temperature & the Human Body Wind chill is the temperature felt on exposed skin due to the combination of air temperature and wind speed. Air Temperature & the Human Body The Heat index combines air temperature and relative humidity to determine an apparent temperature Basically it s how hot it actually feels. 5

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 8e (Christopherson) Chapter 5 Global Temperatures. Multiple Choice Questions

Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 8e (Christopherson) Chapter 5 Global Temperatures. Multiple Choice Questions Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography, 8e (Christopherson) Chapter 5 Global Temperatures Multiple Choice Questions 1) Which of the following is true regarding global temperatures? A) While

More information

5) The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 C is called: Page Ref: 69

5) The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 C is called: Page Ref: 69 Homework #2 Due 9/19/14 1) If the maximum temperature for a particular day is 26 C and the minimum temperature is 14 C, what would the daily mean temperature be? (Page Ref: 66) 2) How is the annual mean

More information

ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY and GLOBAL TEMPERATURES. Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College

ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY and GLOBAL TEMPERATURES. Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY and GLOBAL TEMPERATURES Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College RADIATION FROM the SUN SOLAR RADIATION Primarily shortwave (UV-SIR) Insolation Incoming

More information

- continental vs. marine regimes

- continental vs. marine regimes (1 of 14) Further Reading: Chapter 05 of the text book Outline - continental vs. marine regimes - temperature structure of the atmosphere - seasonal variations - urban heat island (2 of 14) Introduction

More information

Chapter 3: Temperature

Chapter 3: Temperature Chapter 3: Temperature Elements of WAC (Basic Measurable Properties) 1. Temperature of Air 2. Humidity of Air 3. Cloud Cover (type and amount) 4. Precipitation (type and amount) 5. Air Pressure 6. Wind

More information

HEAT, TEMPERATURE, AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION

HEAT, TEMPERATURE, AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION CHAPTER 4 HEAT, TEMPERATURE, AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Heat is *a. the name given to the energy transferred between objects at different temperatures. b. the equivalent of

More information

Energy: Warming the earth and Atmosphere. air temperature. Overview of the Earth s Atmosphere 9/10/2012. Composition. Chapter 3.

Energy: Warming the earth and Atmosphere. air temperature. Overview of the Earth s Atmosphere 9/10/2012. Composition. Chapter 3. Overview of the Earth s Atmosphere Composition 99% of the atmosphere is within 30km of the Earth s surface. N 2 78% and O 2 21% The percentages represent a constant amount of gas but cycles of destruction

More information

GEOGRAPHY EYA NOTES. Weather. atmosphere. Weather and climate

GEOGRAPHY EYA NOTES. Weather. atmosphere. Weather and climate GEOGRAPHY EYA NOTES Weather and climate Weather The condition of the atmosphere at a specific place over a relatively short period of time Climate The atmospheric conditions of a specific place over a

More information

Meteorology. Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer

Meteorology. Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer Chapter 3 Worksheet 1 Meteorology Name: Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 1) If the maximum temperature for a particular day is 26 C and the minimum temperature is 14 C, the daily

More information

The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Energy Chapter 3 and 4

The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Energy Chapter 3 and 4 The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Energy Chapter 3 and 4 Size of the Earth s Atmosphere Atmosphere produced over 4.6 billion years of development Protects us from radiation Completely surrounds the earth

More information

Earth is tilted (oblique) on its Axis!

Earth is tilted (oblique) on its Axis! MONDAY AM Radiation, Atmospheric Greenhouse Effect Earth's orbit around the Sun is slightly elliptical (not circular) Seasons & Days Why do we have seasons? Why aren't seasonal temperatures highest at

More information

Temperature Variation on Earth. Goal: Explain our atmosphere s interaction with the Sun s radiation

Temperature Variation on Earth. Goal: Explain our atmosphere s interaction with the Sun s radiation Temperature Variation on Earth Goal: Explain our atmosphere s interaction with the Sun s radiation Review: What happens to Solar Radiation? 50%- absorbed by land & sea 20%- absorbed by atmosphere and clouds

More information

The Atmosphere. Importance of our. 4 Layers of the Atmosphere. Introduction to atmosphere, weather, and climate. What makes up the atmosphere?

The Atmosphere. Importance of our. 4 Layers of the Atmosphere. Introduction to atmosphere, weather, and climate. What makes up the atmosphere? The Atmosphere Introduction to atmosphere, weather, and climate Where is the atmosphere? Everywhere! Completely surrounds Earth February 20, 2010 What makes up the atmosphere? Argon Inert gas 1% Variable

More information

Temperature is one of the basic elements of weather

Temperature is one of the basic elements of weather Section 17.3 17.3 Temperature Controls 1 FOCUS Section Objectives 17.6 Explain what a temperature control is. 17.7 Compare and contrast the heating of land and water. 17.8 Explain why some clouds reflect

More information

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 16 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 16 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 16 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors

More information

Insolation and Temperature variation. The Sun & Insolation. The Sun (cont.) The Sun

Insolation and Temperature variation. The Sun & Insolation. The Sun (cont.) The Sun Insolation and Temperature variation Atmosphere: blanket of air surrounding earth Without our atmosphere: cold, quiet, cratered place Dynamic: currents and circulation cells June 23, 2008 Atmosphere important

More information

Energy Systems, Structures and Processes Essential Standard: Analyze patterns of global climate change over time Learning Objective: Differentiate

Energy Systems, Structures and Processes Essential Standard: Analyze patterns of global climate change over time Learning Objective: Differentiate Energy Systems, Structures and Processes Essential Standard: Analyze patterns of global climate change over time Learning Objective: Differentiate between weather and climate Global Climate Focus Question

More information

SEASONAL AND DAILY TEMPERATURES

SEASONAL AND DAILY TEMPERATURES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SEASONAL AND DAILY TEMPERATURES Chapter 3 Earth revolves in elliptical path around sun every 365 days. Earth rotates counterclockwise or eastward every 24 hours. Earth closest

More information

The inputs and outputs of energy within the earth-atmosphere system that determines the net energy available for surface processes is the Energy

The inputs and outputs of energy within the earth-atmosphere system that determines the net energy available for surface processes is the Energy Energy Balance The inputs and outputs of energy within the earth-atmosphere system that determines the net energy available for surface processes is the Energy Balance Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic

More information

Fluid Circulation Review. Vocabulary. - Dark colored surfaces absorb more energy.

Fluid Circulation Review. Vocabulary. - Dark colored surfaces absorb more energy. Fluid Circulation Review Vocabulary Absorption - taking in energy as in radiation. For example, the ground will absorb the sun s radiation faster than the ocean water. Air pressure Albedo - Dark colored

More information

1., annual precipitation is greater than annual evapotranspiration. a. On the ocean *b. On the continents

1., annual precipitation is greater than annual evapotranspiration. a. On the ocean *b. On the continents CHAPTER 6 HUMIDITY, SATURATION, AND STABILITY MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1., annual precipitation is greater than annual evapotranspiration. a. On the ocean *b. On the continents 2., annual precipitation

More information

Why the Earth has seasons. Why the Earth has seasons 1/20/11

Why the Earth has seasons. Why the Earth has seasons 1/20/11 Chapter 3 Earth revolves in elliptical path around sun every 365 days. Earth rotates counterclockwise or eastward every 24 hours. Earth closest to Sun (147 million km) in January, farthest from Sun (152

More information

Energy Balance and Temperature. Ch. 3: Energy Balance. Ch. 3: Temperature. Controls of Temperature

Energy Balance and Temperature. Ch. 3: Energy Balance. Ch. 3: Temperature. Controls of Temperature Energy Balance and Temperature 1 Ch. 3: Energy Balance Propagation of Radiation Transmission, Absorption, Reflection, Scattering Incoming Sunlight Outgoing Terrestrial Radiation and Energy Balance Net

More information

Energy Balance and Temperature

Energy Balance and Temperature Energy Balance and Temperature 1 Ch. 3: Energy Balance Propagation of Radiation Transmission, Absorption, Reflection, Scattering Incoming Sunlight Outgoing Terrestrial Radiation and Energy Balance Net

More information

Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle

Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle Planetary energy balance Greenhouse Effect Vertical energy balance Solar Flux and Flux Density Solar Luminosity (L) the constant flux of energy put out by the sun L = 3.9

More information

Detect patterns in the distribution of temperatures on the earth s surface

Detect patterns in the distribution of temperatures on the earth s surface Detect patterns in the distribution of temperatures on the earth s surface Greenhouse Effect Is this a Good thing or a BAD thing?????? Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect is often misunderstood and

More information

LAB MODULE 5: GLOBAL TEMPERATURE PATTERNS

LAB MODULE 5: GLOBAL TEMPERATURE PATTERNS LAB MODULE 5: GLOBAL TEMPERATURE PATTERNS Note: Please refer to the GETTING STARTED lab module to learn how to maneuver through and answer the lab questions using the Google Earth ( KEY TERMS You should

More information

Thermal / Solar. When air is warmed it... Rises. Solar Energy. Evaporation. Condensation Forms Clouds

Thermal / Solar. When air is warmed it... Rises. Solar Energy. Evaporation. Condensation Forms Clouds Thermal / Solar Light from the Sun is transformed into what type of energy when it hits Earth's surface? Rises When air is warmed it... Solar Energy Water moves through the water cycle using what type

More information

The Atmosphere. All weather occurs here 99% of water vapor found here ~75 % of total mass of the atmosphere

The Atmosphere. All weather occurs here 99% of water vapor found here ~75 % of total mass of the atmosphere The Atmosphere Structure/Layers Contains 4 major layers See E.S.R.T pg 14 o Troposphere All weather occurs here 99% of water vapor found here ~75 % of total mass of the atmosphere o Stratosphere Contains

More information

Warming Earth and its Atmosphere The Diurnal and Seasonal Cycles

Warming Earth and its Atmosphere The Diurnal and Seasonal Cycles Warming Earth and its Atmosphere The Diurnal and Seasonal Cycles Or, what happens to the energy received from the sun? First We Need to Understand The Ways in Which Heat Can be Transferred in the Atmosphere

More information

also known as barometric pressure; weight of the air above the surface of the earth; measured by a barometer air pressure, high

also known as barometric pressure; weight of the air above the surface of the earth; measured by a barometer air pressure, high Weather Vocabulary Vocabulary Term Meaning/Definition air mass * large bodies of air that have the similar properties throughout such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure; causes most of the weather

More information

Climates of Earth. Lesson Outline LESSON 1. A. What is climate? 1. is the long-term average weather conditions that occur in a particular region.

Climates of Earth. Lesson Outline LESSON 1. A. What is climate? 1. is the long-term average weather conditions that occur in a particular region. Lesson Outline LESSON 1 A. What is climate? 1. is the long-term average weather conditions that occur in a particular region. 2. Climate depends on how average weather conditions throughout the year. B.

More information

Regents Earth Science Unit 7: Water Cycle and Climate

Regents Earth Science Unit 7: Water Cycle and Climate Regents Earth Science Unit 7: Water Cycle and Climate Name Section Coastal and Continental Temperature Ranges Lab # Introduction: There are large variations in average monthly temperatures among cities

More information

Weather Systems Study Guide:

Weather Systems Study Guide: Weather Systems Study Guide: 1. Draw a diagram of Earth s water cycle and label each part. 2. Explain how the water cycle works. 3. What happens in the troposphere and stratosphere? Atmosphere Level What

More information

How Do the Great Lakes Affect Temperature?

How Do the Great Lakes Affect Temperature? Temperature and Climate Activity 2 of Two How Do the Great Lakes Affect Temperature? In the activity "What happens to heat energy reaching the Great Lakes?" you learned that the pan of water was a good

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE. Tarbuck Lutgens

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE. Tarbuck Lutgens Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 17 The Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature 17.1 Atmosphere Characteristics Composition of the Atmosphere Weather is constantly changing, and it refers

More information

Which graph best shows the relationship between intensity of insolation and position on the Earth's surface? A) B) C) D)

Which graph best shows the relationship between intensity of insolation and position on the Earth's surface? A) B) C) D) 1. The hottest climates on Earth are located near the Equator because this region A) is usually closest to the Sun B) reflects the greatest amount of insolation C) receives the most hours of daylight D)

More information

Name the surface winds that blow between 0 and 30. GEO 101, February 25, 2014 Monsoon Global circulation aloft El Niño Atmospheric water

Name the surface winds that blow between 0 and 30. GEO 101, February 25, 2014 Monsoon Global circulation aloft El Niño Atmospheric water GEO 101, February 25, 2014 Monsoon Global circulation aloft El Niño Atmospheric water Name the surface winds that blow between 0 and 30 What is the atmospheric pressure at 0? What is the atmospheric pressure

More information

What is Climate? Understanding and predicting climatic changes are the basic goals of climatology.

What is Climate? Understanding and predicting climatic changes are the basic goals of climatology. What is Climate? Understanding and predicting climatic changes are the basic goals of climatology. Climatology is the study of Earth s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climatic

More information

Seasonal & Daily Temperatures

Seasonal & Daily Temperatures Seasonal & Daily Temperatures Photo MER Variations in energy input control seasonal and daily temperature fluctuations 1 Cause of the Seasons The tilt of the Earth s axis relative to the plane of its orbit

More information

Chapter 11 Lecture Outline. Heating the Atmosphere

Chapter 11 Lecture Outline. Heating the Atmosphere Chapter 11 Lecture Outline Heating the Atmosphere They are still here! Focus on the Atmosphere Weather Occurs over a short period of time Constantly changing Climate Averaged over a long period of time

More information

Guided Notes Weather. Part 1: Weather Factors Temperature Humidity Air Pressure Winds Station Models

Guided Notes Weather. Part 1: Weather Factors Temperature Humidity Air Pressure Winds Station Models Guided Notes Weather Part 1: Weather Factors Temperature Humidity Air Pressure Winds Station Models. 1. What is weather? Weather: short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific area at a specific time

More information

A) usually less B) dark colored and rough D) light colored with a smooth surface A) transparency of the atmosphere D) rough, black surface

A) usually less B) dark colored and rough D) light colored with a smooth surface A) transparency of the atmosphere D) rough, black surface 1. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below which shows two identical houses, A and B, in a city in North Carolina. One house was built on the east side of a factory, and the other

More information

Surface Processes and the Hydrosphere Unit Heating the Earth s Atmosphere Chapter 11 (pg )

Surface Processes and the Hydrosphere Unit Heating the Earth s Atmosphere Chapter 11 (pg ) Name: Block: Surface Processes and the Hydrosphere Unit Heating the Earth s Atmosphere Chapter 11 (pg. 352 385) 11.1: Focus on the Atmosphere: Weather and Climate What is the difference between the weather

More information

3 Temperate and Polar Zones

3 Temperate and Polar Zones CHAPTER 3 3 Temperate and Polar Zones SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What biomes are found in the temperate zone? What biomes

More information

1. Base your answer to the following question on the weather map below, which shows a weather system that is affecting part of the United States.

1. Base your answer to the following question on the weather map below, which shows a weather system that is affecting part of the United States. 1. Base your answer to the following question on the weather map below, which shows a weather system that is affecting part of the United States. Which sequence of events forms the clouds associated with

More information

10.1 TEMPERATURE, THERMAL ENERGY AND HEAT Name: Date: Block: (Reference: pp of BC Science 10)

10.1 TEMPERATURE, THERMAL ENERGY AND HEAT Name: Date: Block: (Reference: pp of BC Science 10) 10.1 TEMPERATURE, THERMAL ENERGY AND HEAT Name: Date: Block: (Reference: pp. 424-435 of BC Science 10) kinetic molecular theory: explains that matter is made up of tiny that are constantly. These atoms

More information

Unit 3 Review Guide: Atmosphere

Unit 3 Review Guide: Atmosphere Unit 3 Review Guide: Atmosphere Atmosphere: A thin layer of gases that forms a protective covering around the Earth. Photosynthesis: Process where plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Trace

More information

Forecasts include: Temperature. Barometric (air) Pressure. Wind direction/speed Humidity

Forecasts include: Temperature. Barometric (air) Pressure. Wind direction/speed Humidity Meteorology I Intro. to Weather 1. What is Weather? A) Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place. B) Weather changes on a regular basis. C) Meteorologists forecast weather conditions

More information

Very Dynamic! Energy in the Earth s Atmosphere. How Does it Get Here? All Objects Radiate Energy!

Very Dynamic! Energy in the Earth s Atmosphere. How Does it Get Here? All Objects Radiate Energy! Energy in the Earth s Atmosphere Unit Essential Question: What are the different features of the atmosphere that characterize our weather. How does the atmosphere influence life and how does life influence

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 21 Climate 21.1 Factors That Affect Climate Factors That Affect Climate Latitude As latitude increases, the intensity of solar energy decreases. The

More information

Climate.tgt, Version: 1 1

Climate.tgt, Version: 1 1 Name: Key Concepts Choose the letter of the best answer. (5 points each) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Date: A city located in the middle of North America experiences extreme temperature changes during

More information

Earth s Heat Budget. What causes the seasons? Seasons

Earth s Heat Budget. What causes the seasons? Seasons Earth s Heat Budget Solar energy and the global heat budget Transfer of heat drives weather and climate Ocean circulation A. Rotation of the Earth B. Distance from the Sun C. Variations of Earth s orbit

More information

Chapter 3- Energy Balance and Temperature

Chapter 3- Energy Balance and Temperature Chapter 3- Energy Balance and Temperature Understanding Weather and Climate Aguado and Burt Influences on Insolation Absorption Reflection/Scattering Transmission 1 Absorption An absorber gains energy

More information

LAB J - WORLD CLIMATE ZONES

LAB J - WORLD CLIMATE ZONES Introduction LAB J - WORLD CLIMATE ZONES The objective of this lab is to familiarize the student with the various climates around the world and the climate controls that influence these climates. Students

More information

Earth s Heat Budget. What causes the seasons? Seasons

Earth s Heat Budget. What causes the seasons? Seasons Earth s Heat Budget Solar energy and the global heat budget Transfer of heat drives weather and climate Ocean circulation A. Rotation of the Earth B. Distance from the Sun C. Variations of Earth s orbit

More information

THE ATMOSPHERE IN MOTION

THE ATMOSPHERE IN MOTION Funding provided by NOAA Sectoral Applications Research Project THE ATMOSPHERE IN MOTION Basic Climatology Oklahoma Climatological Survey Factor 1: Our Energy Source Hi, I m the Sun! I provide 99.9999+

More information

Name Period 4 th Six Weeks Notes 2013 Weather

Name Period 4 th Six Weeks Notes 2013 Weather Name Period 4 th Six Weeks Notes 2013 Weather Radiation Convection Currents Winds Jet Streams Energy from the Sun reaches Earth as electromagnetic waves This energy fuels all life on Earth including the

More information

Climate and the Atmosphere

Climate and the Atmosphere Climate and Biomes Climate Objectives: Understand how weather is affected by: 1. Variations in the amount of incoming solar radiation 2. The earth s annual path around the sun 3. The earth s daily rotation

More information

School Name Team # International Academy East Meteorology Test Graphs, Pictures, and Diagrams Diagram #1

School Name Team # International Academy East Meteorology Test Graphs, Pictures, and Diagrams Diagram #1 School Name Team # International Academy East Meteorology Test Graphs, Pictures, and Diagrams Diagram #1 Use the map above, and the locations marked A-F, to answer the following questions. 1. The center

More information

The main components of Earth that affects weather are: 1)

The main components of Earth that affects weather are: 1) Weather Dynamics Weather Dynamics: The main components of Earth that affects weather are: 1) 2) 3) What's the difference between weather and climate? Weather -. ex. weeks weather in St. John's ion January

More information

- global radiative energy balance

- global radiative energy balance (1 of 14) Further Reading: Chapter 04 of the text book Outline - global radiative energy balance - insolation and climatic regimes - composition of the atmosphere (2 of 14) Introduction Last time we discussed

More information

Factors That Affect Climate

Factors That Affect Climate Factors That Affect Climate Factors That Affect Climate Latitude As latitude (horizontal lines) increases, the intensity of solar energy decreases. The tropical zone is between the tropic of Cancer and

More information

Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle

Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle Planetary energy balance Greenhouse Effect Selective absorption Vertical energy balance Solar Flux and Flux Density Solar Luminosity (L) the constant flux of energy put out

More information

Solar Flux and Flux Density. Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle. Solar Energy Incident On the Earth. Solar Flux Density Reaching Earth

Solar Flux and Flux Density. Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle. Solar Energy Incident On the Earth. Solar Flux Density Reaching Earth Lecture 2: Global Energy Cycle Solar Flux and Flux Density Planetary energy balance Greenhouse Effect Selective absorption Vertical energy balance Solar Luminosity (L) the constant flux of energy put out

More information

Name: Regents Earth Science. Weather and Climate - Review Questions

Name: Regents Earth Science. Weather and Climate - Review Questions Name: Regents Earth Science Weather and Climate - Review Questions Date: Thayer - 279 1. People sometimes release substances into the atmosphere to increase the probability of rain by A) raising the air

More information

Meteorology. I. The Atmosphere - the thin envelope of gas that surrounds the earth.

Meteorology. I. The Atmosphere - the thin envelope of gas that surrounds the earth. Meteorology I. The Atmosphere - the thin envelope of gas that surrounds the earth. A. Atmospheric Structure - the atmosphere is divided into five distinct layers that are based on their unique characteristics.

More information

Chapter 2. Heating Earth's Surface & Atmosphere

Chapter 2. Heating Earth's Surface & Atmosphere Chapter 2 Heating Earth's Surface & Atmosphere Topics Earth-Sun Relationships Energy, Heat and Temperature Mechanisms of Heat Transfer What happens to Incoming Solar Radiation? Radiation Emitted by the

More information

Science Chapter 13,14,15

Science Chapter 13,14,15 Science 1206 Chapter 13,14,15 1 Weather dynamics is the study of how the motion of water and air causes weather patterns. Energy from the Sun drives the motion of clouds, air, and water. Earth s tilt at

More information

Seasonal & Diurnal Temp Variations. Earth-Sun Distance. Eccentricity 2/2/2010. ATS351 Lecture 3

Seasonal & Diurnal Temp Variations. Earth-Sun Distance. Eccentricity 2/2/2010. ATS351 Lecture 3 Seasonal & Diurnal Temp Variations ATS351 Lecture 3 Earth-Sun Distance Change in distance has only a minimal effect on seasonal temperature. Note that during the N. hemisphere winter, we are CLOSER to

More information

ARCH 1250 APPLIED ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES. CLASS TWO - CLIMATE Macroclimate and Microclimate

ARCH 1250 APPLIED ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES. CLASS TWO - CLIMATE Macroclimate and Microclimate APPLIED ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES CLASS TWO - Macroclimate and Microclimate Part 1: Climate Overview John Seitz, RA, LEED AP Assistant Adjunct Professor Professor Paul C. King, RA, AIA, ARA Assistant Professor

More information

Page 1. Name:

Page 1. Name: Name: 1) What is the primary reason New York State is warmer in July than in February? A) The altitude of the noon Sun is greater in February. B) The insolation in New York is greater in July. C) The Earth

More information

Content. Climate Parameters used for the measurement and recording of weather phenomena The Psychrometric Chart

Content. Climate Parameters used for the measurement and recording of weather phenomena The Psychrometric Chart Climate Content Climate Parameters used for the measurement and recording of weather phenomena The Psychrometric Chart Climate Climate is a measure of the average pattern of variation in temperature, humidity,

More information

BIOGEOGRAPHY GEO 4300/5107C. The Environmental Setting (Geographic Template) Lecture 3: 8 January 2015

BIOGEOGRAPHY GEO 4300/5107C. The Environmental Setting (Geographic Template) Lecture 3: 8 January 2015 BIOGEOGRAPHY GEO 4300/5107C The Environmental Setting (Geographic Template) Lecture 3: 8 January 2015 Last Time Topics and Subdisciplines of Biogeography History of Biogeography Western biogeography first

More information

Contents. Section 1: Climate Factors. Section 2: Climate Types. Section 3: Climate Effects

Contents. Section 1: Climate Factors. Section 2: Climate Types. Section 3: Climate Effects Contents Section 1: Climate Factors 1. Weather or Climate?.... 2 2. Elements of Climate.... 4 3. Factors Affecting Climate.... 10 4. Comparing Climates.... 15 5. Quiz 1.... 20 Section 2: Climate Types

More information

Climate versus Weather

Climate versus Weather Climate versus Weather What is climate? Climate is the average weather usually taken over a 30-year time period for a particular region and time period. Climate is not the same as weather, but rather,

More information

* Defining Temperature * Temperature is proportional to the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules. * Temperature * Internal energy

* Defining Temperature * Temperature is proportional to the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules. * Temperature * Internal energy * Defining Temperature * We associate temperature with how hot or cold an object feels. * Our sense of touch serves as a qualitative indicator of temperature. * Energy must be either added or removed from

More information

World Geography Chapter 3

World Geography Chapter 3 World Geography Chapter 3 Section 1 A. Introduction a. Weather b. Climate c. Both weather and climate are influenced by i. direct sunlight. ii. iii. iv. the features of the earth s surface. B. The Greenhouse

More information

GEO1010 tirsdag

GEO1010 tirsdag GEO1010 tirsdag 31.08.2010 Jørn Kristiansen; jornk@met.no I dag: Først litt repetisjon Stråling (kap. 4) Atmosfærens sirkulasjon (kap. 6) Latitudinal Geographic Zones Figure 1.12 jkl TØRR ATMOSFÆRE Temperature

More information

Earth s Heat Budget. What causes the seasons?

Earth s Heat Budget. What causes the seasons? Earth s Heat Budget Solar Energy and the global Heat Budget Transfer of heat drives weather and climate Ocean circulation Should we talk about this? What causes the seasons? Before you answer, think. What

More information

L.O: THE ANGLE OF INSOLATION ANGLE INSOLATION: THE ANGLE SUNLIGHT HITS THE EARTH

L.O: THE ANGLE OF INSOLATION ANGLE INSOLATION: THE ANGLE SUNLIGHT HITS THE EARTH L.O: THE ANGLE OF INSOLATION ANGLE INSOLATION: THE ANGLE SUNLIGHT HITS THE EARTH 1. The graph below shows air temperatures on a clear summer day from 7 a.m. to 12 noon at two locations, one in Florida

More information

1/2/2016 WEATHER DEFINITION

1/2/2016 WEATHER DEFINITION WEATHER DEFINITION Weather state or condition of the variables of the atmosphere at a given time Weather variables temperature, air pressure, wind, moisture, cloud cover, precipitation, storms Weather

More information

RR#4 - Multiple Choice

RR#4 - Multiple Choice 1. The map below shows the amount of snowfall, in inches, produced by a lake-effect snowstorm in central New York State. The wind that produced this snowfall pattern most likely came from the 1) northeast

More information

Final Review Meteorology

Final Review Meteorology Final Review Meteorology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is an example of climate? a. A sudden snowstorm resulted

More information

1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures?

1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures? CHAPTER 17 1 What Is Climate? SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is climate? What factors affect climate? How do climates differ

More information

2/22/ Atmospheric Characteristics

2/22/ Atmospheric Characteristics 17.1 Atmospheric Characteristics Atmosphere: the gaseous layer that surrounds the Earth I. In the past, gases came from volcanic eruptions A. Water vapor was a major component of outgassing B. Other gases

More information

Topic 5 Practice Test

Topic 5 Practice Test Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the diagram below, which represents the greenhouse effect in which heat energy is trapped in Earth's atmosphere 1. The Earth surface that best absorbs short-wave

More information

HEATING THE ATMOSPHERE

HEATING THE ATMOSPHERE HEATING THE ATMOSPHERE Earth and Sun 99.9% of Earth s heat comes from Sun But

More information

CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE MIDTERM EXAM ATM S 211 FEB 9TH 2012 V1

CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE MIDTERM EXAM ATM S 211 FEB 9TH 2012 V1 CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE MIDTERM EXAM ATM S 211 FEB 9TH 2012 V1 Name: Student ID: Please answer the following questions on your Scantron Multiple Choice [1 point each] (1) The gases that contribute to

More information

5. In which diagram is the observer experiencing the greatest intensity of insolation? A) B)

5. In which diagram is the observer experiencing the greatest intensity of insolation? A) B) 1. Which factor has the greatest influence on the number of daylight hours that a particular Earth surface location receives? A) longitude B) latitude C) diameter of Earth D) distance from the Sun 2. In

More information

Energy and Seasons A B1. 9. Which graph best represents the general relationship between latitude and average surface temperature?

Energy and Seasons A B1. 9. Which graph best represents the general relationship between latitude and average surface temperature? Energy and Seasons A B1 1. Which type of surface absorbs the greatest amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun? (1) smooth, shiny, and light colored (2) smooth, shiny, and dark colored (3) rough,

More information

Unit 2 Meteorology Test **Please do not write on this test** 5. El Nino & La Nina 6. Photosynthesis 7. Coriolis Effect 8.

Unit 2 Meteorology Test **Please do not write on this test** 5. El Nino & La Nina 6. Photosynthesis 7. Coriolis Effect 8. Matching (2 points each) 1. weather 2. climate 3. Greenhouse Effect 4. Convection Unit 2 Meteorology Test **Please do not write on this test** 5. El Nino & La Nina 6. Photosynthesis 7. Coriolis Effect

More information

A. Weather - the conditions of the variables of the atmosphere for any short period of time

A. Weather - the conditions of the variables of the atmosphere for any short period of time WEATHER & THE ATMOSPHERE A. Weather - the conditions of the variables of the atmosphere for any short period of time Meteorology - the study of weather and weather related variables - the variables: Topic

More information

Weather and Climate A B1

Weather and Climate A B1 Weather and Climate A B1 1. What causes the Coriolis effect? (1) Earth s tilt on its axis (2) the spin of Earth on its axis (3) the orbital motion of the Moon around Earth (4) the orbital motion of Earth

More information

surrounds Earth and protects it somewhat from solar radiation. Like all other matter, air has weight,

surrounds Earth and protects it somewhat from solar radiation. Like all other matter, air has weight, The air that we breathe comes from the atmosphere, a thin gaseous layer that surrounds Earth and protects it somewhat from solar radiation. Like all other matter, air has weight, but this weight varies

More information

Observation: predictable patterns of ecosystem distribution across Earth. Observation: predictable patterns of ecosystem distribution across Earth 1.

Observation: predictable patterns of ecosystem distribution across Earth. Observation: predictable patterns of ecosystem distribution across Earth 1. Climate Chap. 2 Introduction I. Forces that drive climate and their global patterns A. Solar Input Earth s energy budget B. Seasonal cycles C. Atmospheric circulation D. Oceanic circulation E. Landform

More information

March 11, A CCP Weather and Climate.notebook. Weather & Climate BEFORE YOU TEACH LESSON

March 11, A CCP Weather and Climate.notebook. Weather & Climate BEFORE YOU TEACH LESSON BEFORE YOU TEACH LESSON 1 Before You Teach Before You Read Reading Passage After You Read SMART Response Printable Reading Passage 2 Before You Read Reading Passage As a class, brainstorm the meanings

More information

Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore

Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore JET STREAM For the complete encyclopedic entry with media resources,

More information

Tropical Climates Zone

Tropical Climates Zone Tropical Climates Zone RAIN FOREST CENTRAL AFRICA, SOUTH AMERICA (AMAZON), CENTRAL AMERICA, S.E. ASIA HUMID/WARM ANNUAL RAINFALL 200 CM TYPE #1: TROPICAL DESERT N. AFRICA (SAHARA) & S.W. ASIA < 25 CM

More information

ESS 111 Climate & Global Change. Week 1 Weather vs Climate Structure of the Atmosphere Global Wind Belts

ESS 111 Climate & Global Change. Week 1 Weather vs Climate Structure of the Atmosphere Global Wind Belts ESS 111 Climate & Global Change Week 1 Weather vs Climate Structure of the Atmosphere Global Wind Belts Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a given place and time. For example, right now, the temperature

More information