The Pillowcase Project Learn. Practice. Share.

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1 The Pillowcase Project Learn. Practice. Share. PART 6: LOCAL HAZARD SUPPLEMENT (10 MINUTES) Winter Storm Preparedness Learning Objectives Students will be able to describe different types of winter storms. Students will understand how to protect themselves from the cold during a winter storm. Students will learn the best ways to help their family stay safe during a winter storm. Key Facts for Presenters Winter storms can take different forms: freezing rain (rain that freezes on contact with the ground), sleet (rain that freezes in mid-air and falls as ice pellets), snow, and blizzards (snow accompanied by winds of 35 miles per hour or greater). The severity and impact of winter storms is determined partly by location; a snowfall that is only an inconvenience for a Northern community could be a major disaster for a Southern community. Weather scientists issue a winter storm WATCH when conditions indicate that a storm may occur within the next 36 to 48 hours. During a winter storm WATCH, families should make preparations for loss of mobility and power, and stay informed about weather conditions. Weather scientists issue a winter storm WARNING when a storm has begun or is expected within 24 hours. During a winter storm WARNING, families should avoid travel and remain indoors until the storm ends. To protect against heat loss when outside during or after a winter storm, family members should dress in layers and wear a hat that covers the ears. The air captured between layers of clothing affords insulation. A hat is important because half a person s body heat can be lost from the head. Extended exposure to the cold during or after a winter storm can cause frostbite (freezing of body tissues, especially the nose, ears, fingers, and toes) and/or hypothermia (the lowering of body temperature 3º Fahrenheit or more). Numbness is a warning of frostbite, the shivers a warning of hypothermia both signs that the person should immediately go inside to warm up. Families who lose heat and/or power in a winter storm should use flashlights instead of candles and guard against the home fire risks of using a fireplace or stove to generate heat; keep a trickle of water running at all faucets to prevent pipes from freezing; and minimize food spoilage by eating refrigerated food first (within 4 hours), frozen food next (within 2 days), and food from the cupboard last. Families who lose heat and/or power for an extended period during a winter storm should evacuate to a designated community shelter. Drivers who are stuck on the road in a winter storm should remain in their vehicle, sheltered from the weather, rather than go looking for help. If possible, phone for assistance. 1

2 PRESENTER NOTES SCRIPT ÎÎSince winter storms happen almost every winter in our area, I m pretty sure that all of you know there are different kinds of winter storms. Can anyone tell us the difference between freezing rain and sleet? Explain the how freezing rain and sleet occur: ÎÎClouds are made up of millions of tiny water droplets smaller than a speck of flour. When these droplets combine, they get heavy and fall as rain. ÎÎIf it s very cold outside, the rain will freeze when it hits the ground. We call that freezing rain. ÎÎBut if the air is cold when the rain falls, it can freeze in the air and fall as pellets of ice that we call sleet. ÎÎHow do freezing rain and sleet cause problems in the winter? Tell students that icy roads and sidewalks can cause accidents, and ice on power lines can cause loss of electricity. ÎÎHow about a snowstorm and a blizzard what s the difference between those types of winter storms? Explain how a snowstorm differs from a blizzard: ÎÎWe can get lots of snow from both a snowstorm and a blizzard. ÎÎSnow happens when the rain falls slowly from the clouds and freezes into little crystals on the way down. ÎÎIf it s just snow, we call it a snowstorm. But if there is a strong wind blowing when the snow falls 35 miles per hour or more we call it a blizzard. ÎÎWhat kinds of problems do snowstorms and blizzards cause during the winter? Tell students that deep snow can close school and roads, and force people to stay in their homes, where they might lose heat and electricity if the snow brings down power lines. ÎÎSo what can we do to stay safe during a winter storm? 2

3 PRESENTER NOTES SCRIPT Explain how to stay safe from the cold during a winter storm: ÎÎGood ideas! Whatever kind of winter storm comes our way, the most important thing we can do is stay warm. That means stay inside if you can, but especially stay warm if you go outside to work or play. ÎÎYour body is naturally warm remember, your temperature is 98.6º Fahrenheit so you can stay warm outside if you keep that heat from escaping into the cold air. ÎÎA hat helps a lot, especially a hat that covers your ears. ÎÎAnd wear the right clothes. Not big, heavy clothes. You should dress in layers of loosefitting clothes a shirt and a sweater under your coat, gloves under your mittens, two pairs of socks inside your boots. The air that gets trapped between the layers helps keep your body heat from escaping into the cold air. Plus, if you get warm, you can take off a layer so you don t get too sweaty. ÎÎHas anyone ever heard of frostbite? Tell students that frostbite happens when a part of your body gets frozen. It usually happens to parts of your body that stick out into the cold, like your ears and nose and fingers and toes. If you feel tingly or numb anywhere while you re out in the cold, go inside immediately. You could be getting frostbite. Encourage the students teacher to explore the effects of frostbite and hypothermia in class. ÎÎHow about hypothermia? That s a big word does anyone know what it means? Tell students that hypothermia happens when the body is losing heat faster than it can make heat. It s like the opposite of having a fever, but just as dangerous. If you start shivering outside in the cold, that could be the start of hypothermia. Go inside immediately and warm up. Transition: ÎÎSo we ve learned how to stay warm during a winter storm. Now let s find out how to be prepared for a winter storm. ÎÎHow do you know when a winter storm is coming? Prompt students to respond weather reports. Explain how to stay safe during a winter storm WATCH and a winter storm WARNING. Î Î That s right we get weather reports that tell us when a winter storm is on the way. Next time you hear a report about a winter storm, listen for these words winter storm WATCH and winter storm WARNING. 3

4 PRESENTER NOTES Encourage students to have their families listen to local news for upto-date storm information. SCRIPT Tell students that weather scientists put out a winter storm WATCH when they think a storm might happen in the next day or two (36-48 hours). That gives people time to get food and any other supplies they will need if they get stuck at home during a big storm. Tell students that weather scientists put out a winter storm WARNING if a storm has already started or they expect it to start in the next 24 hours. Everyone should stay at home during a winter storm WARNING until the storm is over. If appropriate, talk with students about Red Cross shelters available in their area during winter storms. ÎÎAround here, most of us have been stuck at home during a winter storm. Has that ever happened to any of you? Call for a show of hands. ÎÎWhat did your family do to stay safe during the storm emergency? Explain how to stay safe at home during a winter storm emergency: ÎÎThat s what I thought. Most people in our area know what to do during a big winter storm, even when there s no heat or electricity. ÎÎFor example, most people are extra careful about using a fireplace or stove to keep their home warm during a winter storm. You can help at your home by making sure that there is nothing that could catch on fire within three feet of anything that gets really hot that s a home fire safety rule! And be sure to use flashlights, not candles. That s another rule! ÎÎYou can also share this trick for keeping the pipes in your home from freezing when it s very cold just keep a little trickle of water running from every faucet. ÎÎAnd you can help everyone in your home avoid eating food that gets spoiled because the refrigerator and freezer aren t working. Just follow this rule eat the food in the fridge first (within 4 hours), then the food in the freezer (within 2 days), and the food in your cupboards last. Tell students: ÎÎAnd that reminds me we should talk about what to do if you re caught on the road in a big winter storm. I know that you guys don t drive yet, but this is something else you can share with the grownups in your home. Explain how to stay safe on the road during a winter storm emergency: ÎÎRemind them to stay off the road if they can when there is a winter storm WARNING. ÎÎIf they have to drive in a storm and get stuck on the road, they should stay in the car and wait for help. It can be dangerous to get out of the car and go looking for help. Lead students in one of the Practice Activities below. ÎÎSo, are you ready to practice what we ve learned about being prepared for winter storms. 4

5 PRESENTER NOTES SCRIPT Lead students in one of the Sharing Activities below. ÎÎNow let s share what we ve learned. Wrap-up with a review: ÎÎWhat are two ways to stay warm outside during a winter storm? A: Wear a hat and wear layers of clothing. ÎÎWhat are two things that might happen if you get too cold outside? A: Frostbite and hypothermia. ÎÎWhat should you do if there s a winter storm WARNING? A: Stay at home until the storm is over. Transition: Î Î So, now you re prepared for winter storms. But remember, you need to share what you ve learned to help everyone be prepared. So later today, tell someone why it s important to wear a hat when it s cold outside. Even better, when you go home, share you ve learned and make a plan to stay safe during our next big winter storm! WINTER STORM PREPAREDNESS ACTIVITIES Practice Activities Practice Dash Divide students into teams of 5-6 for a takeoff on Jeopardy. Explain that you will read an answer and that the student teams will compete by having one team member race toward you for the chance to give the correct question. The first student to arrive gives the question and wins a point for his/her team if correct, or loses a point if incorrect. Encourage the students to figure out the correct question as a team before sending their runner toward you. Example answers and questions: 1. Rain that freezes into ice pellets What is sleet? 2. Rain that freezes into ice crystals What is snow? 3. Feeling tingly or numb What is a sign that you might have frostbite? 4. Shivering What is a sign that you might have hypothermia? 5. Layers of loose-fitting clothes How should you dress to go outside when it s cold? 6. Flashlights, not candles What should you use for light if a winter storm knocks out the electricity in your home? 5

6 Winter Storm Charades Lead students through a set of dances depicting the four types of winter storms. For freezing rain, students freeze in place. For sleet, they wiggle their fingers to represent falling ice pellets and make a ping, ping, ping sound. For snow, they pretend to catch snowflakes on their tongue. For a blizzard, they lean forward pretending to walk against a strong wind and make a swooshing sound. Show students the four dances, then call them out freezing rain, sleet, snow, blizzard changing the order and picking up speed as students go through the moves. End with freezing rain to stop the dancing and restore order. Sharing Activities Divide students into small groups of 5-6 each, and appoint a spokesperson for each group. Have all groups discuss one of the scenarios below and come up with ideas for what to do in that situation. Have the group spokesperson report on each group s ideas, then lead a whole group discussion to decide on the best way to handle the situation. Worried about Winter Sofia and her family live in a place where there are big snow storms almost every winter. But this winter, her cousin Emily was coming to stay with Sofia for a few weeks, and Emily had only seen winter storms on TV. Sofia knew that Emily would be worried about what might happen if a big ice storm or blizzard came along. She was already asking Sofia to tell her what it was like to be trapped in the house by three feet of snow and how they stayed warm when the power went out. Sofia remembered from The Pillowcase Project that learning how to be prepared for a winter storm and for what you might think or feel during a winter storm can help when an ice storm or blizzard really happens. What coping skills could Sofia teach Emily to help her cope with her thoughts and feelings about what might happen during a big winter storm? Answer: Taking slow breaths to calm down when you feel worried or scared. Sticking with a buddy so you don t feel alone. Singing a favorite song together or telling each other favorite stories, so you don t think so much about feeling scared. Reminding each other how working together helps everyone get through a tough situation. Remembering that Sofia s family is prepared for winter storms and will show Emily how to stay safe and warm if one happens. Listening to grownups for other ways to help each other feel safe. Winter Dress-Up How many different layers could you wear to stay warm when it s cold outside? Think about every part of your body your head, your chest and arms, your hands, your legs, your feet. Brainstorm all the different pieces of clothing you could put on each part of your body to stay warm. For example, on your head you could wear a hat and a hood what else? Make a list of clothes for each part of your body. See if your group can come up with the longest lists! Answer: Head hat, hood, scarf, earmuffs, ski mask; Chest and Arms thermal undershirt, t-shirt, long-sleeve shirt, sweat shirt, sweater, vest, jacket, coat; Hands gloves, mittens; Legs thermal underwear, leggings, sweat pants, long pants, snow pants; Feet socks, slippers, shoes, galoshes, boots. Students may come up with many additional inventive answers. 6

7 The Pillowcase Project Learn. Practice. Share. REPRODUCIBLE MASTER Winter Storm Preparedness Sharing Activities Read the activity assigned to your group. Then talk with the members of your group to come up with ideas for that situation. Help the spokesperson for your group take notes on the group s ideas. After your spokesperson shares your group s ideas with the class, join in the discussion to decide on the best ideas for the situation. Worried about Winter Sofia and her family live in a place where there are big snow storms almost every winter. But this winter, her cousin Emily was coming to stay with Sofia for a few weeks, and Emily had only seen winter storms on TV. Sofia knew that Emily would be worried about what might happen if a big ice storm or blizzard came along. She was already asking Sofia to tell her what it was like to be trapped in the house by three feet of snow and how they stayed warm when the power went out. Sofia remembered from The Pillowcase Project that learning how to be prepared for a winter storm and for what you might think or feel during a winter storm can help when an ice storm or blizzard really happens. What coping skills could Sofia teach Emily to help her cope with her thoughts and feelings about what might happen during a big winter storm? Winter Dress-Up How many different layers could you wear to stay warm when it s cold outside? Think about every part of your body your head, your chest and arms, your hands, your legs, your feet. Brainstorm all the different pieces of clothing you could put on each part of your body to stay warm. For example, on your head you could wear a hat and a hood what else? Make a list of clothes for each part of your body. See if your group can come up with the longest lists!

8 The Pillowcase Project Learn. Practice. Share. Student Pre-Assessment 1. Circle all of the items that should be in the emergency supplies kit you keep at home. First Aid Kit Fresh Fruit Radio Canned Food Flashlight 2. How often should a grownup test the smoke alarms in your home? A: Never B: Once a month C: Every Day D: Don t know 3. What should you take with you when you are escaping from a home fire? A: Nothing just get out fast B: Your pillowcase kit C: Your home fire escape plan D: Don t know 4. What can help you stay calm and relaxed during an emergency? A: Breathing with color B: Running around in circles C: Holding your breath D: Don t know 5. When it s cold outside, what should you do if your fingers start feeling numb and tingly? A: Go inside and warm up B: Take your gloves off and put your hands in your pockets C: Rub your fingers with snow D: Don t Know

9 The Pillowcase Project Learn. Practice. Share. Student Post-Assessment 1. Circle all of the items that should be in the emergency supplies kit you keep at home. First Aid Kit Fresh Fruit Radio Canned Food Flashlight 2. How often should a grownup test the smoke alarms in your home? A: Never B: Once a month C: Every Day D: Don t know 3. What should you take with you when you are escaping from a home fire? A: Nothing just get out fast B: Your pillowcase kit C: Your home fire escape plan D: Don t know 4. What can help you stay calm and relaxed during an emergency? A: Breathing with color B: Running around in circles C: Holding your breath D: Don t know 5. When it s cold outside, what should you do if your fingers start feeling numb and tingly? A: Go inside and warm up B: Take your gloves off and put your hands in your pockets C: Rub your fingers with snow D: Don t Know 6. Do you feel more prepared for an emergency? (Please circle yes or no) Yes No

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