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1 Answer Key Name: Period: Date: Chapter 1: Exploring Science Study Guide EL MOD Using your notes, handouts and classroom activities, complete this study guide as a way to practice for the Chapter 1 test. 1. Match the following vocabulary words with the correct definition on the right D Physical Science B Matter A Experiment C Bias A. A systematic investigation to test a hypothesis B. Anything that has mass and takes up space C. Expectations alter the way results are analyzed or conclusions are made D. The study of energy and matter E Hypothesis E. Testable idea based on background knowledge H Scientific Theory I Scientific Law G Properties J Composition F Technology F. The application of scientific knowledge G. Characteristics of matter H. An explanation based on repeated observations I. Scientific rule, describes the behavior of something in nature J. The makeup of matter 2. Circle the vocabulary term that best fits the statement. a. If a person is taller, then they will jump higher. Scientific Theory Hypothesis b. All matter is made of tiny atoms in constant motion. Scientific Law Scientific Theory c. A push or pull is required for an object to be set into motion. Scientific Law Scientific Theory

2 3. Cookie Baking Time! I wanted to see if the composition of a baking sheet had an effect on the amount of time it took to bake cookies. I made the cookie dough using the same amount of ingredients and mixed both for the same amount of time. I used a cookie scooper to measure out the dough so that each cookie was the same size. Tray #1 was made from Aluminum and Tray #2 was made from Teflon. For tray # 1, I used the Whirlpool 457 model oven and baked the cookies at 350 F. For tray #2 I used the Whirlpool 457 model oven and baked the cookies at 400 F. I used the same timer for both trays to measure how long it took to finish. What was the Independent Variable in this situation? No Yes/No- Was this a fair test? Composition of baking sheet Two things were changed: The composition of the baking sheet and the temperature of the oven Justify your answer in a sentence: 4. Match the uses for each of the following pieces of lab equipment to its name: C Graduated Cylinder A Erlenmeyer Flask B Beaker A. Used to hold/heat/mix lab specimens (liquid or solid); NOT used to measure precise quantities B. Holds and heats lab specimens; mixing done through swirling C. Used to measure precise quantities of liquid 5.Circle the correct term for the following examples: The internet Science Technology A pen Science Technology Ocean tides in relation to moon phases Science Technology Understanding Photosynthesis Science Technology The New York Subway system Science Technology Observing the Milky Way Galaxy Science Technology A telescope Science Technology

3 6. The goal of this project was to determine if the air pressure of the tires on a dirt bike affects the stopping distance of the vehicle. I predicted that as the air pressure in a tire decreases the stopping distance would decrease. The dirt bike rider accelerated to a speed of 4 km/hr and at a set point, applied the brakes. The stopping distance was measured, recorded, and averaged. 10 trials were done at tire pressures of 10 psi, 12 psi, 15 psi (recommended on the tire), 17 psi and 20 psi. Psi stands for pounds per square inch. The table summarizes the results of my tests. Tire Pressure Average Stopping Distance (meters) 10 psi 1.2 m 12 psi 1.5 m 15 psi 1.6 m 17 psi 1.8 m 20 psi 2.2 m From my experiment I found that the best tire pressure for stopping distance was 10 psi. What can make a vehicle s stopping distance decrease? a) What was the research question/problem? If the air pressure in the tires decreases the stopping distance will also decrease. b) What is the investigator s hypothesis? Tire Air Pressure c) What is the Independent Variable? d) How many levels of the Independent Variable were used AND what where they? (#) 5 10 psi, 12 psi, 15 psi, 17 psi, and 20 psi e) What is the Dependent Variable? 15 psi Stopping Distance f) What is the Control? This is the recommended tire pressure g) Why did you choose that as the control (f)? h) What were 3 constants throughout this test? Same speed (4 km/hr) Same bike Apply the brakes at the same point i) How many trials were performed at each Independent Variable level? 10

4 7. Consider the design of an experiment for the research question below. Fill in the components in order to design a VALID Experiment. Research Question: Does the temperature of water used (to water a plant) have an effect on the rate of plant growth? Answers will vary in this section based on the Hypothesis that the student chooses. Hypothesis: Answers will vary in this section based on the Hypothesis Independent Variable: that the student chooses. Answers will vary in this section based on the Hypothesis Levels of IV (at least 3): that the student chooses. Growth of the Plant Dependent Variable: Control: Room temperature water Why is this the control? The temperature has not been altered Answers will vary in this section based on the Hypothesis Constants (at least 3): that the student chooses. 8. I want to see if using clear nail polish over top of colored nail polish makes it last longer. I predict that using clear will allow the polish to stay on with no chipping, twice as long than without. I paint both of my hands with one coat of colored nail polish and then both hands with one coat of clear over top of the colored. It lasts 5 days. I conclude that using the clear coat allowed it to last longer. Can I make this conclusion? Why or why not? If not, what specific experimental component was missing? (Please write in complete sentences) No. This experiment is missing a controlled level. One hand should have had the clear coat and the other one should not have had it. 9. What piece of safety equipment should be used in your lab partner s hair catches on fire? Fire Blanket What piece of safety equipment should be used if your lab table catches on fire? Fire Extinguisher Eye Wash Station What piece of safety equipment should be used if you get chemicals in your eyes?

5 10. Put the following sentences in order to make a valid experiment following the steps to the Scientific Method. 7 The scientists shares her results with scientists studying in the connection between hearing loss and electronics 4 The scientist performs a valid experiment testing 100 people who use cell phones on a daily basis 1 A scientist wants to see if the amount of time spent talking on a cell phone affects the amount of hearing loss a person receives 6 The scientist comes to a conclusion that the more time spent on a cell phone, the more hearing loss the person receives 3 The scientist predicts that the more time talking on a cell phone, the more hearing loss the person receives 5 The scientist graphs/analyzes the results of her tests in order to better understand the data 2 The scientist researches at the Murrysville library about hearing loss the most the common causes 11. After reading the scenario above and seeing that the scientist s hypothesis was supported, what is the next step that the scientist can do to ensure the validity of her conclusions? More trials should be done to validate the results (the experiment should be run by many different people)

6 REVIEW SECTION 12) What is the BASE unit for Length in the SI (metric) system of measurement? (In other words, what is the term for Length to which we add the prefixes?) meter A ) What is an accurate measurement for letter A in centimeters? cm ) What is an accurate reading for the liquid in the graduated cylinder picture to the RIGHT? 15.8 ml