Space. Universe - everything that exists, including all matter and energy everywhere

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1 Space Universe - everything that exists, including all matter and energy everywhere Astronomy - study of what is beyond the Earth Constellations - groups of stars that form shapes or patterns in the sky. - they may appear close to each other but in reality be very different distances from Earth - they have been used for years as calendars, timekeepers and direction finders by people travelling in unknown territory, both land and water Objects in the Solar System Solar System - consists of the Sun and all the objects that travel around it - all objects in our solar system are closer to us than stars elsewhere in the universe Planets and moons are considered nonluminous (they do not emit their own light) - we only see them when light from the Sun reflects off of them Observing Stars and Planets Star - is matter that emits huge amounts of energy. The Sun is a star. Planets - generally spherical and revolve around a star Only 5 of the planets in the solar system can be seen with an unaided eye Planets appear to have a steady light and stars appear to twinkle. because they are closer to us. appear larger

2 Assignment - On a separate piece of paper: 1. Fill in the following table Feature Planet Star location distance from Earth real size reason we can see object surface temp what object is made of observable feature long-term observable feature 2. List the 5 brightest stars and planets, in order, that can be seen in the sky Assignment - Due Friday Pg Sunrise and Sunset - Read the page and do the left side of the page - answer questions Understanding Concepts 1 and 2 Earth's Rotation Questions : 1. Why does the Sun rise in the East? 2. Why do stars appear to rise in the East? This is due to the Earth's. It takes for the Earth to complete. The Earth about an imaginary axis that extends through the North and South Poles. This axis if extended would pass through the Polaris, the North Star. This is why the stars near Polaris seem to travel in circles around Polaris.

3 The combination of the tilt of the Earth and the revolution of the Earth around the Sun cause the seasons as shown below and in the demo.

4 Summer Equinox - Winter Equinox - - occurs - occurs When we have the Summer Equinox in the Northern Hemisphere it is the in the southern Hemisphere. There is always a dark side to the moon because Ancient Views of the Sky About 7000 years ago, people began settling on farms and in towns. In order to effectively plant and grow crops they needed to be able to predict the change of seasons. - More than 3000 years ago the Chinese developed a very accurate calendar of 365 days by observing the position of the Sun and stars - the Chinese and Greek accurate star maps over 2000 years ago using only their eyes and basic devices (like an astrolabe) to measure angles.

5 - the Mayans of Central America developed ways of tracking the movements of the planets over 1000 years ago. Many of their temples were used as observatories. - The Mayans actually predicted the appearance of Venus and were only off by 2 hours in 500 years - Stonehenge was built in England over 5000 years ago. It is believed to have been built to indicate the longest day of the year and to predict occurrences of eclipses. The Solar System In your notebook create a table similar to the one on page 418 in your textbook and fill in the following information for each planet - average distance from the sun - orbital period - time for one rotation - main substances on the surface - mean surface temperature - surface gravity Surface Gravity Surface gravity is used to calculate weight. So if you wanted to know your weight on another planet you would multiply your weight by the value in the table. New weight = Weight on Earth x surface gravity Example: You weigh 100 pounds. What would your weight by on Venus (if you didn't melt)? New weight = Weight on Earth x surface gravity New weight = 100 x 0.9 New weight = 90 pounds You would weigh 90 pounds on Venus Probes to Planets Discuss page 422 Look up current probes

6 Speed of Planets - How fast are the Planets travelling through space Determining Speed Speed in a straight line is found with the following formula: speed = distance/time Speed in a circle - similar but your distance is the circumference of the circle speed = circumference/time - for planets the time is the orbital period - if it is in years (a in the table) multiple the time by 365 circumference = 2 π radius - for planets the radius is the distance from the Sun Example: What is the speed of Earth as it travels through space? speed = circumference/time speed = 2πr/time speed = 2x3.14x150x10 6 /365 speed = 2.58 x10 6 km/day Example : What is the speed of Neptune? speed = circumference/time speed = 2πr/time speed = 2x3.14x4497x10 6 /( ) speed = time = 164.8y x 365d/y A Closer Look at the Planets With your assigned partner, create a Power Point of your Planet - Include at least 10 slides with interesting information. Include at least one point from the textbook and at least 4 pictures. (Discuss what is a good slideshow)

7 Assignment - Space Questions 1. If you weighed 150 pounds on Earth, what would your weight be on a) Mars b) Jupiter c) Neptune Using the table you have created answer the following questions 2. What 2 planets have the shortest days? 3. Which 2 planets have the shortest days? 4. What is the speed of: a) Mercury b) Mars c) Jupiter d) Pluto Bonus 5. If you lived to be 90 Earth years old how many times would you revolve around the sun if you lived on: a) Venus b) Mars c) Uranus

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