Overview of Modern Astronomy. Prof. D. L. DePoy

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1 Astronomy 111: Overview of Modern Astronomy Prof. D. L. DePoy Fall 2013

2 Course Description This course will cover the roots of modern astronomy, the scientific method, fundamental physical ysca laws, the nature and formation ato of planets, stars, and galaxies, and an introduction to cosmology. The course includes an integrated laboratory that reinforces concepts learned in lecture and includes supplemental information related to the lecture topics, including hands-on experience with telescopes and digital imaging of celestial objects. This course is not open to students who have taken ASTR101 or ASTR314.

3 Course Objectives Explain the scientific process and how scientific theories are developed and tested. Recall basic physical concepts such as gravitational and conservation laws, and how light and matter interact. t Describe the general characteristics of our solar system and the universe. Apply scientific thinking to the natural world to understand, e.g. what powers the sun, why galaxies differ, and how the universe began. Formulate a scientific hypothesis, identify a testable prediction, verify by carrying out an experiment, and assess the results. Work effectively in a laboratory group.

4 Class website Class Website: Contents All course handouts Online lecture notes Links for further exploration

5 Online lecture notes Outlines of the electronic overheads shown in class Posted to the website each week in advance Includes lecture graphics & computer animations They re free...

6 Textbooks Textbooks: The Essential Cosmic Perspective by Bennett et al Astronomy 111 Handbook (available at Notes & Quotes)

7 Textbook Suggested readings will be from Essential Cosmic Perspective Will be skipping some extraneous or overly detailed sections. Readings are assigned by topic rather than by lecture Lecture sequence may not follow book

8 Office hours On demand: Please me to request an appointment at any time. I have two offices Munnerlyn 204 Building is locked and generally inaccessible Mitchell Institute 240 I will be there TTh mornings and afternoons is by far the best way to contact me!

9 TAs Brett Salmon and others Office hours??? to arrange meetings

10 Lab Coordinator Dr. J. Marshall to arrange meetings Only if necessary

11 Grading On-line Pre-lectures and In-Class Exercises (10%) Three Mid-term Exams (45%): multiple choice Final Exam (20%): multiple choice Laboratory (25%): 10 labs completed over the course of the semester

12 Grading Approximate Grading Scale: A (>90%), B (80 89%) 89%), C (70 79%) 79%), D (60 69%), F (<60%)

13 Pre-lectures Weekly videos to watch and answer questions about Exercises in class about material Starts next week All will be available on ecampus

14 Mid-term exams Three mid-term exams Multiple choice questions Worth 45% of final course grade

15 Final Exam Comprehensive & cumulative Multiple choice Worth 20% of final course grade No Makeup Finals

16 Lab 10 labs completed over the course of the semester. Lab sections meet the first week of class in MPHYS 331

17 Lab Bring lab handbook (from Notes & Quotes), a sturdy lab notebook, and a writing implement with you to each lab Lab will be graded on attendance, completion of labs in your lab notebook, and short weekly quizzes

18

19 In class assessment Astronomy Concept Inventory Will not be graded For my benefit to determine what you already know Helps to decide if class has been effective

20

21 What is Astronomy? astron =star nomos = law Astronomy is the science of stars and clusters of stars, galaxies and clusters of galaxies, planets, dwarf planets and their satellites, asteroids and comets, interstellar gas and dust, and everything else in the Universe A lot to cover in one semester

22 The most incomprehensible thing about the Universe is that it is comprehensible. Albert Einstein

23 Three Questions: 1) What is it? Describe it: how bright, far, energetic, etc. 2) How does it work? Underlying Physics (testable theories) 3) How does it evolve? How does it form, develop e & end its existence?

24

25 Main Topics: The Night Sky History of Astronomy & Science Light and Matter The Solar System Structure and Evolution of Stars Structure and Evolution of Galaxies Structure and Evolution of the Universe Frontiers of Modern Astronomy

26 The Night Sky

27 The Night Sky Observed motions of the sky Definitions of day, year, etc. Seasons Navigation Long term changes

28 The History of Astronomy

29 The History of Astronomy Ancient Observatories and Measurements Tycho, Kepler, Copernicus Galileo Newton Development of the Scientific Method

30 Light and Matter

31 Light & Matter Light Photons Wavelengths and energies Matter Fundamental particles Forces Four fundamental forces

32 The Solar System

33 The Solar System Terrestrial planets Jovian planets Other stuff At Asteroids Comets Dwarf planets Formation of the Solar System

34 The Structure and Evolution of Stars

35 The Structure & Evolution of Stars Observed properties of stars distances, motions, brightness, temperature, etc. Physics of stars internal structure sources of energy Stellar Evolution formation, development, and final states

36 The Structure and Evolution of Galaxies

37 The Structure & Evolution of Galaxies Observed properties of Galaxies distances, sizes, shapes constituents (stars, gas, and dark matter) Physics of Galaxies structure and dynamics Evolution of Galaxies star formation histories interactions with other galaxies

38 The Structure and Evolution of the Universe

39 The Structure & Evolution of the Universe Observed Characteristics size, age, constituents Physics of the Universe space, time, and gravitation Evolution of the Universe origin of the Universe development (Big Bang theory) fate of the Universe

40 Frontiers of Modern Astronomy

41 Frontiers of Modern Astronomy What is Dark Matter and Dark Energy? Are there other planets in the Galaxy? Are there giant Black Holes in galactic nuclei?

42

43 The Challenges of Astronomy We can t touch, we can only observe. Vast, unbridgeable distances hard to measure distances accurately sometimes hard to measure distances at all! Long times (millions & billions of years) properties of populations of objects cosmic lookback : distance=time

44 Planet: The Earth 13,000 kilometers across

45 Satellite: The Moon 380,000 kilometers away 3,500 kilometers across

46 Star: The Sun 150 million kilometers away 1.4 million kilometers across

47 Cluster of Stars: The Pleiades 430 light-years away 15 light-years across 1 light year = kilometers

48 Gas & Dust: The Lagoon Nebula 5000 light-years away 50light-years across

49 Galaxy: The Andromeda Galaxy 2,200,200 light-years away 80, light-years across

50 Cluster of Galaxies: Coma 320 million light-years away 10 million light-years across

51

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