SZYDAGIS / 14

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "SZYDAGIS / 14"

Transcription

1 GALACTIC STRUCTURE AND FORMATION SZYDAGIS / 14

2 CLICKER-STYLE QUESTIONS 1. What is one of the key ingredients needed for galaxy formation? a. dark energy b. clumps of gas c. supernovae d. neutron stars 2. Which explanation is currently best based on our observations? a. Top-down: big galaxies broke up b. Bottom-up: small galaxies combined c. Combination, but bottom-up favored d. Black holes eating dark matter 2 / 14

3 (not the same galaxies of course) 3 / 14

4 THE ORIGIN OF GALAXIES Most galaxies are very old. The very first began forming around billion years ago, not long after the first stars formed Study of their formation from inner to outer portions and continuing evolution is still an area of active research to this day Models fall under one of two umbrellas: 1. top-down, 2. bottom-up 1. Galaxies began as clouds of gas bigger than galaxy 2. They started out as smaller fragments merging together In either case, black holes (super-massive ones) are involved, with galaxies building up around them as cores (in -> out) These came from the collapse of the first, largest stars Local over-density caused slower expansion (0.5% at 500,000 years after BB, 5% at 15e6, 200% at 1.2e9): runaway effect We will learn about this and more with the new James Webb Space Telescope, Hubble s successor, launching in a few years 4 / 14

5 THE TOP-DOWN APPROACH Gravitational collapse will overcome gas pressure If cloud rotating slowly, stars form before collapse into disk can occur, resulting in elliptical galaxy If rotating faster, disk formed, so spiral galaxy (think of bulging earth) Star formation rate determines type of galaxy that will form, or perhaps it is other way around Variant: gas cloud fragmentation, each clump becoming small galaxy. Clusters form first Problem: takes too long, though explains clusters? (High-density sheets of galaxies with large voids in between are easy to predict.) A Baby Galaxy in a Grown-Up Universe! I Zwicky 18 is a nearby dwarf galaxy that started forming stars only 500 million to one billion years ago. It may be an example of what the galaxies were like over 12 billion years ago. How this galaxy remained in an embryonic state for almost the entire history of the universe is unknown. Is it an example of a "dark galaxy"---a dark matter clump with cold primeval hydrogen and helium gas---in which the gas only now got compressed enough to form stars? - 5 / 14

6 6 / 14

7 THE BOTTOM-UP APPROACH Little pieces merge Fragments could have already started collapsing very early on during the history of the universe Cluster hierarchically through mutual gravitational forces Predicts more smaller galaxies: check! The radio galaxy MRC , also called the "Spiderweb Galaxy" is a large galaxy in the making. At 10.6 billion light years away, we see it in the process of forming only 3 billion years after the Big Bang. Note the small, thin "tadpole" and "chain" galaxies that are merging together to create a giant galaxy. -astronomynotes.com Variant: dark matter galaxies (hard to see). Cold DM favors bottom-up scenario Combining theories 7 / 14 Clusters should still be forming: check!!

8 ~WINNER (-ish) 8 / 14

9 THE STRUCTURE OF A GALAXY Example, our own Milky Way Halo mostly dark matter. Not perfectly spherical. Modeled as spheroid / ellipsoidal profile Why sphere, while galaxy (if spiral) is a very flat disk Dust-rich: spiral (flat) Dust-poor: elliptical Sensitive to rotational degrees of freedom, initial conditions, particle interaction probability. Also, thinner->faster rotation Center of course black hole(s) thousands, millions, billions times more massive than sun So, BHs = birth & death North arbitrary: right-hand A Rippled Milky Way May Be Much Larger Than Previously Estimated R.J. Hall supermassive_blackholes_drive_galaxy_ evolution_2.html (Journey to the Center) 9 / 14

10 A FEW VIDEOS Credit: Matthias Steinmetz The Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics (z is redshift. Now z = 0. Beginning z~20) Credit: Matthias Steinmetz The formation of a "galactic fountain" in a forming disk galaxy. The simulation includes a model for star formation and galactic winds. In this particular galaxy, the winds generated by ongoing star formation are confined by the gravitational potential of the dark matter halo, giving rise to a "galactic fountain. Credit: Volker Springel This movie shows two colliding and merging spiral galaxies. The simulation follows dark matter, gas, and a stellar component, but only the baryonic component is visualized. Credit: Volker Springel Links to a couple of extra videos that I had trouble embedding into the slides. 10 / 14

11 PARDON MY (HOT) GAS Chandra X-ray Observatory NASA X-rays are in left pane and optical at right. What is binding all the gases in place to make those x-rays, considerably outside of the visible elliptical galaxy? Best answer we have so far: dark matter 11 / 14

12 USING HYDROGEN: SEE FURTHER Let s do it again: Back to slide 2, same questions That is the wavelength. Frequency=1,420 MHz wikipedia/commons/e/ec/ M33_rotation_curve_HI.gif 12 / 14

13 HOMEWORK Quiz Terrifying information found on the first few pages of the children s book First Space Encyclopedia (owned by a friend) 13 / 14

14 Image Credit: Sergey V. Pilipenko (LPI, MIPT) A Redshift Lookup Table for our Universe 14 / 14

Galaxies. CESAR s Booklet

Galaxies. CESAR s Booklet What is a galaxy? Figure 1: A typical galaxy: our Milky Way (artist s impression). (Credit: NASA) A galaxy is a huge collection of stars and interstellar matter isolated in space and bound together by

More information

Chapter 15 The Milky Way Galaxy. The Milky Way

Chapter 15 The Milky Way Galaxy. The Milky Way Chapter 15 The Milky Way Galaxy The Milky Way Almost everything we see in the night sky belongs to the Milky Way We see most of the Milky Way as a faint band of light across the sky From the outside, our

More information

Three Major Components

Three Major Components The Milky Way Three Major Components Bulge young and old stars Disk young stars located in spiral arms Halo oldest stars and globular clusters Components are chemically, kinematically, and spatially distinct

More information

25.2 Stellar Evolution. By studying stars of different ages, astronomers have been able to piece together the evolution of a star.

25.2 Stellar Evolution. By studying stars of different ages, astronomers have been able to piece together the evolution of a star. 25.2 Stellar Evolution By studying stars of different ages, astronomers have been able to piece together the evolution of a star. Star Birth The birthplaces of stars are dark, cool interstellar clouds,

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System 25.1 Properties of Stars Characteristics of Stars A constellation is an apparent group of stars originally named for mythical

More information

BROCK UNIVERSITY. Test 2, March 2015 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02 Number of Students: 420 Date of Examination: March 5, 2015

BROCK UNIVERSITY. Test 2, March 2015 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02 Number of Students: 420 Date of Examination: March 5, 2015 BROCK UNIVERSITY Page 1 of 9 Test 2, March 2015 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02 Number of Students: 420 Date of Examination: March 5, 2015 Number of hours: 50 min Time of Examination: 18:00 18:50

More information

Chapter 25: Galaxy Clusters and the Structure of the Universe

Chapter 25: Galaxy Clusters and the Structure of the Universe Chapter 25: Galaxy Clusters and the Structure of the Universe Distribution of galaxies Evolution of galaxies Study of distant galaxies Distance derived from redshift Hubble s constant age of the Universe:

More information

Milky Way Structure. Nucleus Disk Halo Sun is about 30,000 LY from center

Milky Way Structure. Nucleus Disk Halo Sun is about 30,000 LY from center Milky Way Galaxy Milky Way spiral galaxy - flattened disk 150,000 LY in diameter with about 400 billion stars we sit in a gas/dust arm - active star formation - absorbs visible light study using IR/radio/gamma

More information

Number of Stars: 100 billion (10 11 ) Mass : 5 x Solar masses. Size of Disk: 100,000 Light Years (30 kpc)

Number of Stars: 100 billion (10 11 ) Mass : 5 x Solar masses. Size of Disk: 100,000 Light Years (30 kpc) THE MILKY WAY GALAXY Type: Spiral galaxy composed of a highly flattened disk and a central elliptical bulge. The disk is about 100,000 light years (30kpc) in diameter. The term spiral arises from the external

More information

Chapter 19 Reading Quiz Clickers. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Our Galaxy Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 19 Reading Quiz Clickers. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Our Galaxy Pearson Education, Inc. Reading Quiz Clickers The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Our Galaxy 19.1 The Milky Way Revealed What does our galaxy look like? How do stars orbit in our galaxy? Where are globular clusters located

More information

Accretion Disks. Review: Stellar Remnats. Lecture 12: Black Holes & the Milky Way A2020 Prof. Tom Megeath 2/25/10. Review: Creating Stellar Remnants

Accretion Disks. Review: Stellar Remnats. Lecture 12: Black Holes & the Milky Way A2020 Prof. Tom Megeath 2/25/10. Review: Creating Stellar Remnants Lecture 12: Black Holes & the Milky Way A2020 Prof. Tom Megeath Review: Creating Stellar Remnants Binaries may be destroyed in white dwarf supernova Binaries be converted into black holes Review: Stellar

More information

Beyond Our Solar System Chapter 24

Beyond Our Solar System Chapter 24 Beyond Our Solar System Chapter 24 PROPERTIES OF STARS Distance Measuring a star's distance can be very difficult Stellar parallax Used for measuring distance to a star Apparent shift in a star's position

More information

25/11/ Cosmological Red Shift:

25/11/ Cosmological Red Shift: 12.1 Edwin Hubble Discovered galaxies other than the milky way. Galaxy: A collection of stars, planets, gas, and dust that are held together by gravity. Our sun and planets are in the Milky Way Hubble

More information

Chapter 15 Galaxies and the Foundation of Modern Cosmology

Chapter 15 Galaxies and the Foundation of Modern Cosmology 15.1 Islands of stars Chapter 15 Galaxies and the Foundation of Modern Cosmology Cosmology: study of galaxies What are they 3 major types of galaxies? Spiral galaxies: like the milky way, look like flat,

More information

Review of Lecture 15 3/17/10. Lecture 15: Dark Matter and the Cosmic Web (plus Gamma Ray Bursts) Prof. Tom Megeath

Review of Lecture 15 3/17/10. Lecture 15: Dark Matter and the Cosmic Web (plus Gamma Ray Bursts) Prof. Tom Megeath Lecture 15: Dark Matter and the Cosmic Web (plus Gamma Ray Bursts) Prof. Tom Megeath A2020 Disk Component: stars of all ages, many gas clouds Review of Lecture 15 Spheroidal Component: bulge & halo, old

More information

Large Scale Structure

Large Scale Structure Large Scale Structure Measuring Distance in Universe-- a ladder of steps, building from nearby Redshift distance Redshift = z = (λ observed - λ rest )/ λ rest Every part of a distant spectrum has same

More information

Directed Reading A. Section: The Life Cycle of Stars TYPES OF STARS THE LIFE CYCLE OF SUNLIKE STARS A TOOL FOR STUDYING STARS.

Directed Reading A. Section: The Life Cycle of Stars TYPES OF STARS THE LIFE CYCLE OF SUNLIKE STARS A TOOL FOR STUDYING STARS. Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: The Life Cycle of Stars TYPES OF STARS (pp. 444 449) 1. Besides by mass, size, brightness, color, temperature, and composition, how are stars classified? a.

More information

Edwin Hubble Discovered galaxies other than the milky way. Galaxy:

Edwin Hubble Discovered galaxies other than the milky way. Galaxy: Edwin Hubble Discovered galaxies other than the milky way. Galaxy: A collection of stars, planets, gas, and dust that are held together by gravity. Our sun and planets are in the Milky Way He noticed that

More information

Our Galaxy. Milky Way Galaxy = Sun + ~100 billion other stars + gas and dust. Held together by gravity! The Milky Way with the Naked Eye

Our Galaxy. Milky Way Galaxy = Sun + ~100 billion other stars + gas and dust. Held together by gravity! The Milky Way with the Naked Eye Our Galaxy Milky Way Galaxy = Sun + ~100 billion other stars + gas and dust Held together by gravity! The Milky Way with the Naked Eye We get a special view of our own galaxy because we are part of it!

More information

Other Galaxy Types. Active Galaxies. A diagram of an active galaxy, showing the primary components. Active Galaxies

Other Galaxy Types. Active Galaxies. A diagram of an active galaxy, showing the primary components. Active Galaxies Other Galaxy Types Active Galaxies Active Galaxies Seyfert galaxies Radio galaxies Quasars Origin??? Different in appearance Produce huge amount of energy Similar mechanism a Galactic mass black hole at

More information

Name Date Period. 10. convection zone 11. radiation zone 12. core

Name Date Period. 10. convection zone 11. radiation zone 12. core 240 points CHAPTER 29 STARS SECTION 29.1 The Sun (40 points this page) In your textbook, read about the properties of the Sun and the Sun s atmosphere. Use each of the terms below just once to complete

More information

Today. Lookback time. ASTR 1020: Stars & Galaxies. Astronomy Picture of the day. April 2, 2008

Today. Lookback time. ASTR 1020: Stars & Galaxies. Astronomy Picture of the day. April 2, 2008 ASTR 1020: Stars & Galaxies April 2, 2008 Astronomy Picture of the day Reading: Chapter 21, sections 21.3. MasteringAstronomy Homework on Galaxies and Hubble s Law is due April 7 th. Weak Lensing Distorts

More information

Earth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens

Earth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens Earth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens Beyond Our Solar System Earth Science, 13e Chapter 24 Stanley C. Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College Properties of stars Distance Distances to the stars are very

More information

The Contents of the Universe (or/ what do we mean by dark matter and dark energy?)

The Contents of the Universe (or/ what do we mean by dark matter and dark energy?) The Contents of the Universe (or/ what do we mean by dark matter and dark energy?) Unseen Influences Dark Matter: An undetected form of mass that emits little or no light but whose existence we infer from

More information

The Milky Way. Mass of the Galaxy, Part 2. Mass of the Galaxy, Part 1. Phys1403 Stars and Galaxies Instructor: Dr. Goderya

The Milky Way. Mass of the Galaxy, Part 2. Mass of the Galaxy, Part 1. Phys1403 Stars and Galaxies Instructor: Dr. Goderya Foundations Chapter of Astronomy 15 13e Our Milky Way Seeds Phys1403 Stars and Galaxies Instructor: Dr. Goderya Selected Topics in Chapter 15 A view our Milky Way? The Size of our Milky Way The Mass of

More information

Exam #3. Median: 83.8% High: 100% If you d like to see/discuss your exam, come to my office hours, or make an appointment.

Exam #3. Median: 83.8% High: 100% If you d like to see/discuss your exam, come to my office hours, or make an appointment. Exam #3 Average: 80.1% Median: 83.8% High: 100% Scores available on Blackboard If you d like to see/discuss your exam, come to my office hours, or make an appointment. Exam #3 The Sun is made of A) all

More information

Chapter 19 Galaxies. Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Each dot is a galaxy of stars. More distant, further into the past. halo

Chapter 19 Galaxies. Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Each dot is a galaxy of stars. More distant, further into the past. halo Chapter 19 Galaxies Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Each dot is a galaxy of stars. More distant, further into the past halo disk bulge Barred Spiral Galaxy: Has a bar of stars across the bulge Spiral Galaxy 1

More information

Our Galaxy. We are located in the disk of our galaxy and this is why the disk appears as a band of stars across the sky.

Our Galaxy. We are located in the disk of our galaxy and this is why the disk appears as a band of stars across the sky. Our Galaxy Our Galaxy We are located in the disk of our galaxy and this is why the disk appears as a band of stars across the sky. Early attempts to locate our solar system produced erroneous results.

More information

ASTR 101 Introduction to Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies

ASTR 101 Introduction to Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies ASTR 101 Introduction to Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies We observe star-gas-star cycle operating in Milky Way s disk using many different wavelengths of light Infrared light reveals stars whose visible light

More information

Stellar Evolution: Outline

Stellar Evolution: Outline Stellar Evolution: Outline Interstellar Medium (dust) Hydrogen and Helium Small amounts of Carbon Dioxide (makes it easier to detect) Massive amounts of material between 100,000 and 10,000,000 solar masses

More information

Galaxies and the Universe

Galaxies and the Universe Standard 7.3.1: Recognize and describe that the Sun is a medium-sized star located near the edge of a diskshaped galaxy of stars and that the universe contains many billions of galaxies and each galaxy

More information

Formation of the Universe & What is in Space? The Big Bang Theory and components of the Universe

Formation of the Universe & What is in Space? The Big Bang Theory and components of the Universe Formation of the Universe & What is in Space? The Big Bang Theory and components of the Universe The Big Bang Theory The Big Bang Theory The Big Bang Theory is the most widely accepted scientific explanation

More information

BROCK UNIVERSITY. Test 2, March 2018 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02, Section 1 Number of Students: 465 Date of Examination: March 12, 2018

BROCK UNIVERSITY. Test 2, March 2018 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02, Section 1 Number of Students: 465 Date of Examination: March 12, 2018 BROCK UNIVERSITY Page 1 of 9 Test 2, March 2018 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02, Section 1 Number of Students: 465 Date of Examination: March 12, 2018 Number of hours: 50 min Time of Examination:

More information

8/30/2010. Classifying Stars. Classifying Stars. Classifying Stars

8/30/2010. Classifying Stars. Classifying Stars. Classifying Stars Classifying Stars In the early 1900s, Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Russell made some important observations. They noticed that, in general, stars with higher temperatures also have brighter absolute magnitudes.

More information

Life Cycle of a Star - Activities

Life Cycle of a Star - Activities Name: Class Period: Life Cycle of a Star - Activities A STAR IS BORN STAGES COMMON TO ALL STARS All stars start as a nebula. A nebula is a large cloud of gas and dust. Gravity can pull some of the gas

More information

Cosmology, Galaxies, and Stars OUR VISIBLE UNIVERSE

Cosmology, Galaxies, and Stars OUR VISIBLE UNIVERSE Cosmology, Galaxies, and Stars OUR VISIBLE UNIVERSE Cosmology Cosmology is the study of the universe; its nature, origin and evolution. General Relativity is the mathematical basis of cosmology from which

More information

Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 The View from Earth Lesson 2 The Sun and Other Stars Lesson 3 Evolution of Stars Lesson 4 Galaxies and the Universe

Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 The View from Earth Lesson 2 The Sun and Other Stars Lesson 3 Evolution of Stars Lesson 4 Galaxies and the Universe Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 The View from Earth Lesson 2 The Sun and Other Stars Lesson 3 Evolution of Stars Lesson 4 Galaxies and the Universe Chapter Wrap-Up What makes up the universe and how does

More information

telescopes resolve it into many faint (i.e. distant) stars What does it tell us?

telescopes resolve it into many faint (i.e. distant) stars What does it tell us? The Milky Way From a dark site the Milky Way can be seen as a broad band across the sky What is it? telescopes resolve it into many faint (i.e. distant) stars What does it tell us? that we live in a spiral

More information

The distance modulus in the presence of absorption is given by

The distance modulus in the presence of absorption is given by Problem 4: An A0 main sequence star is observed at a distance of 100 pc through an interstellar dust cloud. Furthermore, it is observed with a color index B-V = 1.5. What is the apparent visual magnitude

More information

TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION

TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION (The Universe) A. THE UNIVERSE: The universe encompasses all matter in existence. According to the Big Bang Theory, the universe was formed 10-20 billion years ago from a

More information

Chapter 23 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Universe Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 23 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Universe Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 23 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Universe Curvature of the Universe The Density Parameter of the Universe Ω 0 is defined as the ratio

More information

ANSWER KEY. Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe. Telescopes Guided Reading and Study. Characteristics of Stars Guided Reading and Study

ANSWER KEY. Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe. Telescopes Guided Reading and Study. Characteristics of Stars Guided Reading and Study Stars, Galaxies, a the Universe Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Telescopes Use Target Reading Skills Check student definitions for accuracy. 1. Electromagneticradiationisenergythatcan travel through

More information

Chapter 23 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Universe Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 23 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Universe Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 23 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Universe Curvature of the Universe The Density Parameter of the Universe Ω 0 is defined as the ratio

More information

Study Guide Chapter 2

Study Guide Chapter 2 Section: Stars Pages 32-38 Study Guide Chapter 2 Circle the letter of the best answer for each question. 1. What do scientists study to learn about stars? a. gravity c. space b. starlight d. colors COLOR

More information

THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE AND BLACK HOLES

THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE AND BLACK HOLES THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE AND BLACK HOLES WHAT IS COSMOGONY? Cosmogony (or cosmogeny) is any model explaining the origin of the universe. Cosmogony = Coming into existence WHAT IS COSMOLOGY Cosmology

More information

AST1100 Lecture Notes

AST1100 Lecture Notes AST1100 Lecture Notes 4 Stellar orbits and dark matter 1 Using Kepler s laws for stars orbiting the center of a galaxy We will now use Kepler s laws of gravitation on much larger scales. We will study

More information

Moment of beginning of space-time about 13.7 billion years ago. The time at which all the material and energy in the expanding Universe was coincident

Moment of beginning of space-time about 13.7 billion years ago. The time at which all the material and energy in the expanding Universe was coincident Big Bang Moment of beginning of space-time about 13.7 billion years ago The time at which all the material and energy in the expanding Universe was coincident Only moment in the history of the Universe

More information

Question 1. Question 2. Correct. Chapter 16 Homework. Part A

Question 1. Question 2. Correct. Chapter 16 Homework. Part A Chapter 16 Homework Due: 11:59pm on Thursday, November 17, 2016 To understand how points are awarded, read the Grading Policy for this assignment. Question 1 Following are a number of distinguishing characteristics

More information

LESSON 1. Solar System

LESSON 1. Solar System Astronomy Notes LESSON 1 Solar System 11.1 Structure of the Solar System axis of rotation period of rotation period of revolution ellipse astronomical unit What is the solar system? 11.1 Structure of the

More information

Dark Matter & Dark Energy. Astronomy 1101

Dark Matter & Dark Energy. Astronomy 1101 Dark Matter & Dark Energy Astronomy 1101 Key Ideas: Dark Matter Matter we cannot see directly with light Detected only by its gravity (possible future direct detection in the lab) Most of the matter in

More information

A. Thermal radiation from a massive star cluster. B. Emission lines from hot gas C. 21 cm from hydrogen D. Synchrotron radiation from a black hole

A. Thermal radiation from a massive star cluster. B. Emission lines from hot gas C. 21 cm from hydrogen D. Synchrotron radiation from a black hole ASTR 1040 Accel Astro: Stars & Galaxies Prof. Juri Toomre TA: Nicholas Nelson Lecture 26 Thur 14 Apr 2011 zeus.colorado.edu/astr1040-toomre toomre HST Abell 2218 Reading clicker what makes the light? What

More information

UNIT 3: Astronomy Chapter 26: Stars and Galaxies (pages )

UNIT 3: Astronomy Chapter 26: Stars and Galaxies (pages ) CORNELL NOTES Directions: You must create a minimum of 5 questions in this column per page (average). Use these to study your notes and prepare for tests and quizzes. Notes will be turned in to your teacher

More information

ASTR 101 Introduction to Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies

ASTR 101 Introduction to Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies We observe star-gas-star cycle operating in Milky Way s disk using many different wavelengths of light! ASTR 101 Introduction to Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies Infrared light reveals stars whose visible light

More information

Chapter 23: Dark Matter, Dark Energy & Future of the Universe. Galactic rotation curves

Chapter 23: Dark Matter, Dark Energy & Future of the Universe. Galactic rotation curves Chapter 23: Dark Matter, Dark Energy & Future of the Universe Galactic rotation curves Orbital speed as a function of distance from the center: rotation_of_spiral_galaxy.htm Use Kepler s Third Law to get

More information

The Universe. is space and everything in it.

The Universe. is space and everything in it. The Universe is space and everything in it. Galaxies A galaxy is a supercluster of stars, gas, and dust that are held together by gravity. There are three main types of galaxies: Irregular Elliptical Spiral

More information

What is the solar system?

What is the solar system? Notes Astronomy What is the solar system? 11.1 Structure of the Solar System Our solar system includes planets and dwarf planets, their moons, a star called the Sun, asteroids and comets. Planets, dwarf

More information

A 103 Notes, Week 14, Kaufmann-Comins Chapter 15

A 103 Notes, Week 14, Kaufmann-Comins Chapter 15 NEARBY GALAXIES I. Brief History A 103 Notes, Week 14, Kaufmann-Comins Chapter 15 A. Kant B. Curtis-Shapley debate C. Distance to Andromeda II. Classification of nearby galaxies: Spirals, Ellipticals,

More information

The Milky Way Galaxy

The Milky Way Galaxy 1/5/011 The Milky Way Galaxy Distribution of Globular Clusters around a Point in Sagittarius About 00 globular clusters are distributed in random directions around the center of our galaxy. 1 1/5/011 Structure

More information

GraspIT Questions AQA GCSE Physics Space physics

GraspIT Questions AQA GCSE Physics Space physics A. Solar system: stability of orbital motions; satellites (physics only) 1. Put these astronomical objects in order of size from largest to smallest. (3) Fill in the boxes in the correct order. the Moon

More information

Chapter 19: Our Galaxy

Chapter 19: Our Galaxy Chapter 19 Lecture Chapter 19: Our Galaxy Our Galaxy 19.1 The Milky Way Revealed Our goals for learning: What does our galaxy look like? How do stars orbit in our galaxy? What does our galaxy look like?

More information

Lecture 30. The Galactic Center

Lecture 30. The Galactic Center Lecture 30 History of the Galaxy Populations and Enrichment Galactic Evolution Spiral Arms Galactic Types Apr 5, 2006 Astro 100 Lecture 30 1 The Galactic Center The nature of the center of the Galaxy is

More information

Next. more on the.. ASTR 101 General Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies. Supermassive Black Holes and galaxies grow together

Next. more on the.. ASTR 101 General Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies. Supermassive Black Holes and galaxies grow together ASTR 101 General Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies Active Galactic Nuclei -- artist s conception Accretion disk around supermassive black hole ANNOUNCEMENTS Disk itself may or may not be obscured by dust MIDTERM

More information

Galaxies and the expansion of the Universe

Galaxies and the expansion of the Universe Review of Chapters 14, 15, 16 Galaxies and the expansion of the Universe 5/4/2009 Habbal Astro 110-01 Review Lecture 36 1 Recap: Learning from Light How does light tell us what things are made of? Every

More information

DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS

DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS IB PHYSICS TSOKOS OPTION E-6 GALAXIES Introductory Video: The Big Bang Theory Objectives Understand the Hubble classification scheme of galaxies and describe the

More information

Galaxies and the Universe. Our Galaxy - The Milky Way The Interstellar Medium

Galaxies and the Universe. Our Galaxy - The Milky Way The Interstellar Medium Galaxies and the Universe Our Galaxy - The Milky Way The Interstellar Medium Our view of the Milky Way The Radio Sky COBE Image of our Galaxy The Milky Way Galaxy - The Galaxy By Visual Observation

More information

CHAPTER 28 STARS AND GALAXIES

CHAPTER 28 STARS AND GALAXIES CHAPTER 28 STARS AND GALAXIES 28.1 A CLOSER LOOK AT LIGHT Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation, which is energy that travels in waves. Waves of energy travel at 300,000 km/sec (speed of light Ex:

More information

Beyond the Book. FOCUS Book

Beyond the Book. FOCUS Book FOCUS Book You have learned that a nebula can turn into a star, and that the star can turn into a new nebula. Now design a comic, timeline, flowchart, or cycle diagram to explain this process. Include

More information

Galaxies Guiding Questions

Galaxies Guiding Questions Galaxies Guiding Questions How did astronomers first discover other galaxies? How did astronomers first determine the distances to galaxies? Do all galaxies have spiral arms, like the Milky Way? How do

More information

The Big Bang Theory (page 854)

The Big Bang Theory (page 854) Name Class Date Space Homework Packet Homework #1 Hubble s Law (pages 852 853) 1. How can astronomers use the Doppler effect? 2. The shift in the light of a galaxy toward the red wavelengths is called

More information

Learning Objectives: Chapter 13, Part 1: Lower Main Sequence Stars. AST 2010: Chapter 13. AST 2010 Descriptive Astronomy

Learning Objectives: Chapter 13, Part 1: Lower Main Sequence Stars. AST 2010: Chapter 13. AST 2010 Descriptive Astronomy Chapter 13, Part 1: Lower Main Sequence Stars Define red dwarf, and describe the internal dynamics and later evolution of these low-mass stars. Appreciate the time scale of late-stage stellar evolution

More information

Chapter 30. Galaxies and the Universe. Chapter 30:

Chapter 30. Galaxies and the Universe. Chapter 30: Chapter 30 Galaxies and the Universe Chapter 30: Galaxies and the Universe Chapter 30.1: Stars with varying light output allowed astronomers to map the Milky Way, which has a halo, spiral arm, and a massive

More information

Chapter 20 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Galaxies and the Foundation of Modern Cosmology Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 20 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Galaxies and the Foundation of Modern Cosmology Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 20 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Galaxies and the Foundation of Modern Cosmology Galaxies and the Foundation of Modern Cosmology 20.1 Islands of Stars Our goals for learning: How

More information

The Galaxy. (The Milky Way Galaxy)

The Galaxy. (The Milky Way Galaxy) The Galaxy (The Milky Way Galaxy) Which is a picture of the Milky Way? A A is what we see from Earth inside the Milky Way while B is what the Milky Way might look like if we were far away looking back

More information

How do we measure properties of a star? Today. Some Clicker Questions - #1. Some Clicker Questions - #1

How do we measure properties of a star? Today. Some Clicker Questions - #1. Some Clicker Questions - #1 Today Announcements: HW#8 due Friday 4/9 at 8:00 am. The size of the Universe (It s expanding!) The Big Bang Video on the Big Bang NOTE: I will take several questions on exam 3 and the final from the videos

More information

Our Solar System: A Speck in the Milky Way

Our Solar System: A Speck in the Milky Way GALAXIES Lesson 2 Our Solar System: A Speck in the Milky Way The Milky Way appears to be curved when we view it but in reality it is a straight line. It is curved due to the combination of pictures taken

More information

Results better than Quiz 5, back to normal Distribution not ready yet, sorry Correct up to 4 questions, due Monday, Apr. 26

Results better than Quiz 5, back to normal Distribution not ready yet, sorry Correct up to 4 questions, due Monday, Apr. 26 Brooks observing April 19-22: 9:00 PM to at least 10:15 PM Tonight is a go! April 26-29: 9:30 PM to at least 10:45 PM Regular Friday evening public observing after planetarium shows also an option Begins

More information

Galaxies & Introduction to Cosmology

Galaxies & Introduction to Cosmology Galaxies & Introduction to Cosmology Other Galaxies: How many are there? Hubble Deep Field Project 100 hour exposures over 10 days Covered an area of the sky about 1/100 the size of the full moon Probably

More information

The Milky Way Galaxy. Some thoughts. How big is it? What does it look like? How did it end up this way? What is it made up of?

The Milky Way Galaxy. Some thoughts. How big is it? What does it look like? How did it end up this way? What is it made up of? Some thoughts The Milky Way Galaxy How big is it? What does it look like? How did it end up this way? What is it made up of? Does it change 2 3 4 5 This is not a constant zoom The Milky Way Almost everything

More information

THE UNIVERSE CHAPTER 20

THE UNIVERSE CHAPTER 20 THE UNIVERSE CHAPTER 20 THE UNIVERSE UNIVERSE everything physical in and Includes all space, matter, and energy that has existed, now exists, and will exist in the future. How did our universe form, how

More information

Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe

Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. 1. What is a giant ball of hot gases that undergo nuclear fusion? a. a planet

More information

Beyond the Solar System 2006 Oct 17 Page 1 of 5

Beyond the Solar System 2006 Oct 17 Page 1 of 5 I. Stars have color, brightness, mass, temperature and size. II. Distances to stars are measured using stellar parallax a. The further away, the less offset b. Parallax angles are extremely small c. Measured

More information

This Week in Astronomy

This Week in Astronomy Homework #8 Due Wednesday, April 18, 11:59PM Covers Chapters 15 and 16 Estimated time to complete: 40 minutes Read chapters, review notes before starting This Week in Astronomy Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

More information

1. Star: A object made of gas found in outer space that radiates.

1. Star: A object made of gas found in outer space that radiates. 1. Star: A object made of gas found in outer space that radiates. 2. Stars produce extremely great quantities of energy through the process of. The chemical formula for nuclear fusion looks like this:

More information

Figure 19.19: HST photo called Hubble Deep Field.

Figure 19.19: HST photo called Hubble Deep Field. 19.3 Galaxies and the Universe Early civilizations thought that Earth was the center of the universe. In the sixteenth century, we became aware that Earth is a small planet orbiting a medium-sized star.

More information

The Night Sky. The Universe. The Celestial Sphere. Stars. Chapter 14

The Night Sky. The Universe. The Celestial Sphere. Stars. Chapter 14 The Night Sky The Universe Chapter 14 Homework: All the multiple choice questions in Applying the Concepts and Group A questions in Parallel Exercises. Celestial observation dates to ancient civilizations

More information

The Milky Way - Chapter 23

The Milky Way - Chapter 23 The Milky Way - Chapter 23 The Milky Way Galaxy A galaxy: huge collection of stars (10 7-10 13 ) and interstellar matter (gas & dust). Held together by gravity. Much bigger than any star cluster we have

More information

Lecture Outlines. Chapter 25. Astronomy Today 7th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Pearson Education, Inc.

Lecture Outlines. Chapter 25. Astronomy Today 7th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Outlines Chapter 25 Astronomy Today 7th Edition Chaisson/McMillan Chapter 25 Galaxies and Dark Matter Units of Chapter 25 25.1 Dark Matter in the Universe 25.2 Galaxy Collisions 25.3 Galaxy Formation

More information

Ch. 25 In-Class Notes: Beyond Our Solar System

Ch. 25 In-Class Notes: Beyond Our Solar System Ch. 25 In-Class Notes: Beyond Our Solar System ES2a. The solar system is located in an outer edge of the disc-shaped Milky Way galaxy, which spans 100,000 light years. ES2b. Galaxies are made of billions

More information

Arvind Borde / AST 10, Week 2: Our Home: The Milky Way

Arvind Borde / AST 10, Week 2: Our Home: The Milky Way Arvind Borde / AST 10, Week 2: Our Home: The Milky Way The Milky Way is our home galaxy. It s a collection of stars, gas and dust. (1) What holds it together? Its self-gravity. (2) What did the last slide

More information

Betelgeuse. The Life of Stars. Stars can be grouped into 4 major categories based on size: supergiants giants main sequence stars dwarfs.

Betelgeuse. The Life of Stars. Stars can be grouped into 4 major categories based on size: supergiants giants main sequence stars dwarfs. The Life of A Star The Life of Stars Stars can be grouped into 4 major categories based on size: supergiants giants main sequence stars dwarfs dwarf star Rigel Sun Betelgeuse The Life of Stars Stars can

More information

The Universe. But first, let s talk about light! 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Universe. But first, let s talk about light! 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. The Universe But first, let s talk about light! Light is fast! The study of light All forms of radiation travel at 300,000,000 meters (186,000 miles) per second Since objects in space are so far away,

More information

Chapter 22 What do we mean by dark matter and dark energy?

Chapter 22 What do we mean by dark matter and dark energy? Chapter 22 What do we mean by dark matter and dark energy? Unseen Influences Dark Matter: An undetected form of mass that emits little or no light, but whose existence we infer from its gravitational influence

More information

How does the galaxy rotate and keep the spiral arms together? And what really lies at the center of the galaxy?

How does the galaxy rotate and keep the spiral arms together? And what really lies at the center of the galaxy? Ch 14: Mysteries of the Milky Way How does the galaxy rotate and keep the spiral arms together? And what really lies at the center of the galaxy? The Structure of the Galaxy We know that our galaxy has

More information

The King's University College Astronomy 201 Mid-Term Exam Solutions

The King's University College Astronomy 201 Mid-Term Exam Solutions The King's University College Astronomy 201 Mid-Term Exam Solutions Instructions: The exam consists of two sections. Part A is 20 multiple choice questions - please record answers on the sheet provided.

More information

BROCK UNIVERSITY. Test 2: June 2016 Number of pages: 10 Course: ASTR 1P02, Section 2 Number of students: 359

BROCK UNIVERSITY. Test 2: June 2016 Number of pages: 10 Course: ASTR 1P02, Section 2 Number of students: 359 BROCK UNIVERSITY Page 1 of 10 Test 2: June 2016 Number of pages: 10 Course: ASTR 1P02, Section 2 Number of students: 359 Examination date: 25 June 2016 Time limit: 50 min Time of Examination: 13:00 13:50

More information

Galaxies. With a touch of cosmology

Galaxies. With a touch of cosmology Galaxies With a touch of cosmology Types of Galaxies Spiral Elliptical Irregular Spiral Galaxies Spiral Galaxies Disk component where the spiral arms are Interstellar medium Star formation Spheroidal

More information

The Milky Way Galaxy (ch. 23)

The Milky Way Galaxy (ch. 23) The Milky Way Galaxy (ch. 23) [Exceptions: We won t discuss sec. 23.7 (Galactic Center) much in class, but read it there will probably be a question or a few on it. In following lecture outline, numbers

More information

Lecture PowerPoints. Chapter 33 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli

Lecture PowerPoints. Chapter 33 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli Lecture PowerPoints Chapter 33 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching

More information

Astronomy Stars, Galaxies and Cosmology Exam 3. Please PRINT full name

Astronomy Stars, Galaxies and Cosmology Exam 3. Please PRINT full name Astronomy 132 - Stars, Galaxies and Cosmology Exam 3 Please PRINT full name Also, please sign the honor code: I have neither given nor have I received help on this exam The following exam is intended to

More information

Chapter 20 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective. Seventh Edition. Galaxies and the Foundation of Modern Cosmology Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 20 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective. Seventh Edition. Galaxies and the Foundation of Modern Cosmology Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 20 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Galaxies and the Foundation of Modern Cosmology 20.1 Islands of Stars Our goals for learning: How do galaxies evolve? What are the three major

More information