Searching for z>6 Quasars with Subaru / Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey

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1 Searching for z>6 Quasars with Subaru / Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey Masafusa Onoue (Sokendai / National Astronomical Observatory of Japan) on behalf of Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-Luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs) collaboration 1/17

2 SHELLQs Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-Luminosity Quasars Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP Project 47 Y. Matsuoka1 (PI) M. Akiyama2, N. Asami3, S. Foucaud, T. Goto4, Y. Harikane5, H. Ikeda1, M. Imanishi1, K. Iwasawa6, N. Kashikawa1 T. Kawaguchi7, S. Kikuta1, T. Minezaki5, T. Morokuma5, T. Nagao8, M. Niida8, Y. Ono5, M. Onoue1, M. Ouchi5, P. Price9, H. Sameshima10, J. D. Silverman5, M. A. Strauss9, M. Tanaka1, J. Tang11, Y. Toba8 1National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 3Japan Professional School of Education, 4National Tsing Hua U, 5U of Tokyo, 6U de Barcelona, 7Sapporo Medical U, 8Ehime U, 9Princeton U, 10Kyoto Sangyo U, 11Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics

3 Why we care high-z (z>6) quasar? [CII] 158μm Mortlock+11 Venemans+12 SMBH evolution/formation scenario IGM opacity during EoR Co-evolution with host galaxy Proto-cluster search Unique probe of the early Universe!! 3/17

$5 Becker+14 Redshift evolution of IGM neutral fraction$

4 IGM Opacity Robertson+15 Dark pixel 1-QHII Near-zone τ Lyα,eff (1+z) 4.3 (1+z) >10.9 GP trough Redshift, z z z 5.5 Becker+14 Redshift evolution of IGM neutral fraction during EoR Spatially patchy reionization process suggested 4/17

5 Published 100 z>6 qsos J (z=6.3) SDSS CFHQS J (z=7.1) UKIDSS optical (z-band) NIR Past High-z QSO Survey 5/17

6 Published 100 z>6 qsos J (z=6.3) SDSS PS1 J (z=7.1) UKIDSS CFHQS VIKING optical (z-band) NIR DES HSC Now, we should go deeper & higher-z (z>7) 6/17

7 Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) Survey 7/17

8 Mounted on Subaru s prime focus Field of view: 1.5 deg diameter - 7 Suprime-Cam! sensitive at 1μm (y-band) essential for z>6 science 8/17

9 M31 in one shot! Suprime-Cam: HSC: 1.5 diameter

VIKING-N ~500 deg 500 2 overlapped deg 2 with VIKING!

10 VIKING-N ~500 deg overlapped deg 2 with VIKING! Optical multi-band survey with Subaru/HSC (5years, 300nights) HSC-UD HSC-deep LSST(wide) - Wide: 1400 deg 2, r lim,5σ ~26 - Deep: 27 deg 2, r lim,5σ ~27 - UD: 3.5 deg 2, r lim,5σ ~28 Most powerful optical survey before LSST HSC-wide DES(wide) CFHTLS KiDS PS1(3π) SDSS

11 VIKING-N ~500 deg 2 overlapped with VIKING 500 deg 2 overlapped with VIKING! ~300@z~6 & ~50@z~7 QSOs are expected to be found We can address general SMBH evolutionary states at z>6 11/17

Multi-color Candidate Selection Auxiliary (PQ S,C >0.1) 1.

Surface density of quasar/star included as a prior Main (PQ B >0.

SED-fitting(PQ S ) - complete - but less efficient various SED templates

12 Multi-color Candidate Selection Auxiliary (PQ S,C >0.1) 1.Bayesian(PQ B ) - efficient - but less complete Based on Mortlock+12 Surface density of quasar/star included as a prior Main (PQ B >0.1) z>6 QSOs 2.SED-fitting(PQ S ) - complete - but less efficient various SED templates covering the bias in Bayesian selection 3.Two-color(PQ C ) candidates We apply several probabilistic approaches for our z>6 quasar candidate selection 12/17

13 Current Status We have started our unprecedented high-z quasar search with the first internal data release (~80 deg 2, zlim,5σ~25.5) Subaru & GTC have spectroscopically followed-up 19/38 Main candidates so far - The faint-end of z~6 QLF will be discussed when the first follow-up is completed (next paper) 13/17

14 Initial Result z~6.85, JAB= QSOs Discovered - 5.9<z<6.9 - M 1450 down to -22 ~3 mag deeper than SDSS - Their multi-wavelength (opt/ NIR/sub-mm) follow-up observation is ready to start BH mass, accretion rate, BLR metallicity, IGM neutral fraction, host galaxy properties, etc z~6.4, yab=23.2 z=6.39, yab=23.7 z=6.37, yab=21.6 z=6.18, yab=24.3 z=6.10, yab=22.9 z=6.01, yab=24.5 z=6.01, yab=23.9 z=5.93, yab=23.9

Success Rate Quite High We have identified 15 (/19) extra-galactic objects in Main candidates - ~100% success rate at z AB <23.

15 Success Rate Quite High We have identified 15 (/19) extra-galactic objects in Main candidates - ~100% success rate at z AB < All known z~6 QSOs are successfully recovered by our Main selection - 6 LBGs found from faint candidates z~6 QSO & LBG LF New QSOs Known QSOs Galaxy Star ND HSC depth

16 Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg SDSS PS1 UKIDSS CFHQS VIKING DES HSC 16/17

17 Summary Faint z>6 quasars contain valuable information on EoR HSC-SSP survey is able to reveal this unexplored realm by providing massive numbers of z>6 quasars, powered by more general SMBH population 9 z>6 quasars (+6 galaxies) have been discovered through the first follow-up observation. Our probabilistic candidate selection has worked quite successfully. Please check further details in Matsuoka et al. (2016) 17/17

19 Two-color diagram (i-z vs z-y) zab=24 PQ B =0 PQ B =1

20 Stellarity of new z>6 QSO/LBGs

21 QSOs Galaxies

Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-Luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs)

Yoshiki Matsuoka (NAOJ) Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-Luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs) Yoshiki Matsuoka (NAOJ Ehime Univ.) on behalf of the SHELLQs collaboration SHELLQs Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-Luminosity