A Publication of the Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg Member of the Abstracting Board of the International Council of Scientific Unions

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2 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS ABSTRACTS A Publication of the Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg Member of the Abstracting Board of the International Council of Scientific Unions Volume 20 Literature 1977, Part 2 Edited by S. B6hme U. Esser W. Fricke I. Heinrich D. Krahn L. D. Schmadel G. Zech Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH 1978

3 Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg Director: Professor Dr. Walter Fricke Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts Editors-in-Chief: Vte Esser, Dr. Lutz D. Schmadel Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts is prepared under the auspices ofthe International Astronomical Vnion ISBN DOI / ISBN (ebook) by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1978 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heide1berg New York in 1978 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1978 Library ofcongress Catalog Card Number

4 Preface Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts, which has appeared in semi-annual volumes since 1969, is devoted to the recording, summarizing and indexing of astronomical publications throughout the world. It is prepared under the auspices of the International Astronomical Union (according to a resolution adopted at the 14th General Assembly in 1970). Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts aims to present a comprehensive documentation of literature in all fields of astronomy and astrophysics. Every effort will be made to ensure that the average time interval between the date of receipt of the original literature and publication of the abstracts will not exceed eight months. This time interval is near to that achieved by monthly abstracting journals, compared to which our system of accumulating abstracts for about six months offers the advantage of greater convenience for the user. Volume 20 contains literature published in 1977 and received before February 20, 1978; some older literature which was received late and which is not recorded in earlier volumes is also included. We acknowledge with thanks contributions to this volume by Dr. J. BouSka, Prague, who surveyed journals and publications in Czech and supplied us with abstracts in English, and by Prof. P. Brosche, Bonn, who supplied us with literature concerning some border fields of astronomy. It is a pleasure to thank Dr. Ulrich Giintzel-Lingner for his valuable contributions. From 1969 to his retirement he was co-editor of Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts. We express our warmest thanks again to Ms. Helga Ballmann, Ms. Monika Betz, Ms. Lore Kiefert, who typed the text of this volume on IBM 72 Composers and compiled the pages from abstract slips in a perfect form for offset reproduction. We are indebted to Ms. Elisabeth Feigenbutz for punching material for the author index and for the subject index which fmally were printed with a TN chain on a 1403 IBM high-speed printer. Finally we have to thank Mr. R. Jiihrling and Mr. W. Sanns who supported our task by careful proofreading. Heidelberg, April 1978 Siegfried Bohme Ute Esser Walter Fricke Inge Heinrich Dietlinde Krahn Lutz D. Schmadel Gert Zech

5 Contents Preface Introduction Abbreviations 3 Periodicals, Proceedings, Books, Activities 001 Periodicals Bibliographical Publications, Catalogues, Atlases Books History of Astronomy, Chronology Biography Personal Notes Obituaries.... ' Observatories, Institutes Notes on Observatories, Planetaria, and Exhibitions Societies, Associations, Organizations Reports on Colloquia, Congresses, Meetings, Symposia, and Expeditions Proceedings of Colloquia, Congresses, Meetings" and Symposia Reports on Astronomy in Various Countries and Particular Fields, International Cooperation Teaching in Astronomy Miscellanea Applied Mathematics, Physics 021 Mathematics, Computing Physical Papers Related to Astronomy and Astrophysics 76 Astronomical Instruments and Techniques 031 Astronomical Optics..... Methods of Observation and Reduction Data Processing, Automation. 032 Astronomical Instruments.... Space Instrumentation Radio Telescopes and Equipment. 034 Astronomical Accessories (Spectrometers, Photometers, 035 Clocks and Frequency Standards, Sundials 036 Photographic Auxiliaries etc.)

6 VIII Contents Positional Astronomy, Celestial Mechanics 041 Positional Astronomy, Astrometry Celestial Mechanics, Figure of Celestial Bodies 043 Astronomical Constants Time, Rotation of the Earth Latitude Determination, Polar Motion Astronomical Geodesy, Satellite Geodesy, Navigation. 047 Ephemerides, Almanacs, Calendars Space Research 051 Extraterrestrial Research, Spaceflight Related to Astronomy and Astrophysics Astrodynamics and Navigation of Space Vehicles 053 Lunar and Planetary Probes and Satellites Artificial Earth Satellites Observations of Earth Satellites, Lunar and Planetary Probes Theoretical Astrophysics 061 General Theoretical Problems of Astrophysics, Neutrino Astronomy, Infrared, X-Ray, Gamma-Ray Astronomy, Origin and Abundances of Elements 062 Hydrodynamics, Magnetohydrodynamics, Plasma Radiative Transfer, Scattering Stellar Atmospheres, Stellar Envelopes, Mass Loss. 065 Stellar Structure and Evolution Neutron Stars, Relativistic Astrophysics, Background Radiation Gravitation Theory Sun 071 Photosphere, Spectrum Sunspots, Faculae, Activity Cycles 073 Chromosphere, Flares, Prominences 074 Corona, Solar Wind Solar Patrol UV, X, Gamma Radiation. 077 Radio, Infrared Radiation. 078 Cosmic Radiation. 079 Solar Eclipses Atmosphere, Figure, Internal Constitution, Neutrinos, Magnetic Fields, Rotation, Miscellanea

7 Contents IX Earth 081 Figure, Composition, and Gravity Atmosphere Including Refraction, Scintillation, Extinction, Airglow, Site Testing. 083 Ionosphere Aurorae... Magnetic Field Radiation Belts 085 Solar-Terrestrial Relations Planetary System 091 Physics of the Planetary System (Planetary Atmospheres, Figure, Interiors, Magnetic Fields, Rotation, etc.) 092 Mercury Venus Moon, Dynamics Moon, Global Properties Moon, Local Properties. 095 Lunar Eclipses 096 Lunar Occultations. 097 Mars... Mars Satellites. 098 Minor Planets. 099 Jupiter.... Jupiter Satellites. 100 Saturn..... Saturn Satellites. 101 Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Transplutonian Planets. lo2 Comets (Origin, Structure, Atmospheres, Dynamics) 103 Comets: Listed Objects Meteors, Meteor Streams Meteorites, Meteorite Craters Interplanetary Matter, Interplanetary Magnetic Field, Zodiacal Light 107 Cosmogony of the Planetary System Stars 111 Parallaxes, Distances Proper Motions, Radial Velocities, Space Motions 113 Magnitudes, Colors, Photometry Spectra, Temperatures, Chemical Composition Spectra of Individual Stars Luminosities, Masses, Diameters, HR-Diagrams and Others 116 Magnetic Fields, Figure, Rotation, Radio Radiation

8 X Contents 117 Binary and Multiple Stars, Planetary Companions, Theory Visual Binaries and Multiple Stars Spectroscopic Binaries Variable Stars: Ephemerides, Miscellanea Eclipsing Binaries Intrinsic Variables, Spectrum Variables, Flare Stars, Pulsation Theory Variable Stars: Lists of Observations Novae Supernovae, Supernova Remnants Low-Luminosity Stars, Subdwarfs, White Dwarfs, Degenerate Stars Interstellar Matter, Infrared Sources, Gaseous Nebulae, Planetary Nebulae 131 Interstellar Matter, Star Formation 132 H I, H II Regions Infrared Sources Emission Nebulae, Reflection Nebulae. 135 Planetary Nebulae.... Radio Sources, Quasars, Pulsars, Extreme UV, X-Ray, Gamma-Ray Sources, Cosmic Radiation 141 Radio Sources, Quasars... Pulsars Extreme UV, X-Ray Sources. Gamma-Ray Sources 143 Cosmic Radiation..... Stellar Systems 151 Kinematics and Dynamics of Stellar Systems, Evolution of Galaxies 152 Stellar Associations. 153 Galactic Clusters Globular Clusters Structure and Evolution of the Galaxy 156 Galactic Magnetic Field, Galactic Radio, Infrared Radiation. 157 Galactic Extreme UV, X, Gamma Radiation 158 Single and Multiple Galaxies. Peculiar Objects Magellanic Clouds Groups, Clusters of Galaxies, Superclusters. 161 Intergalactic Matter Structure and Evolution of the Universe, Cosmology Author Index. Subject Index

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