Part A - Answer Key. 26. Define the following terms:

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1 1. Axis hours 3. West to East 4. Orbit 5. Gravity 6. Eclipse 7. Solar eclipse 8. Sun 9. Constellation 10. Universe 11. Astronomy 12. Planets 13. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars 14. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune 15. Mars and Jupiter 16. Elliptical 17. Crater 18. Venus 19. Earth 20. Neil Armstrong & Buzz Aldrin 22.Jupiter 23. Galileo 24. Venus 25. Uranus Part A - Answer Key 26. Define the following terms: 1. Space probe- A vehicle that carries camera and other tools for studying objects in space. 2. Satellite- An object that orbits another object in space. 3. Orbit- The path followed by one object as it revolves around another object. 1

2 4. Astronomy- The study of the Sun, Moon and other objects in space. 5. Solar system- Planets, their moons, and other objects in space. 6. The Red planet- Venus is called as the Red Planet, because its rocks and soil contain the mineral iron oxide. 27. Write the differences between the following: Inner Planet They are close to the Sun Made of solid rocks Eg: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars Outer planet They are far away from the Sun Made of gas Eg: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune 2. Solar Eclipse When the Moon moves in between the Earth and Sun. (EMS) Lunar Eclipse When Earth is in between Moon and Sun. (MES) 3. Rotation The spinning of Earth around its axis. It takes about a day to make one rotation. Revolution The movement of Earth around the Sun in its orbit. It takes one year to make one revolution. 2

3 28. Give reason for the following statements. a. People cannot live on Mercury and Venus. Ans. They are both too hot to live. Mercury gets very cold at night and the Venus has poisonous gases. a. Mars is called as the Red Planet. Ans. The rocks and soil on Mars contain a mineral called iron oxide. c. The Earth seems to be standing still. Ans. Because we move along with it and it moves very steadily and smoothly. b. Moon remains partly visible during lunar eclipse. Ans. The Earth s atmosphere bends some amount of the Sunlight, so some amount of sunlight still falls on the Moon. 29. Answer the following questions. 1. Describe what makes up the universe? Ans: All of the space and objects that exists in space. 2. What kinds of movement cause solar and lunar eclipse? Ans: The revolution of the Moon around the Earth causes an eclipse. 3.What makes life possible on Earth? Ans: The presence of liquid water and an atmosphere that contain different types of gases makes life possible on Earth. 4. How is atmosphere of Uranus different from that of Saturn? Ans: The atmosphere of Saturn is made of hydrogen and helium, whereas the atmosphere of Uranus is made of hydrogen, helium and methane. 3

4 5. What are Saturn s rings made of? Ans: The rings around Saturn is made of water, ice, dust and chunks of rocks. Part B Write the scientific terms for the following statements/definitions: 1. Effort, Fulcrum, load 2. Door handle 3. Knife 4. Complex machine 5. Pulley 6. Light and sound 7. Compression 8. Echo 9. Pitch 10. Piano 11. Bioluminescent 12. Ultra violet rays and X rays 13. X ray 14. Reflection 15. Concave and convex 16. Convex 17. Refraction 18. Absorption 19. Glass and water 20. Wood and rock 4

5 21. Write the differences between the given terms. 1 Reflection Refraction When light rays bounce or reflect, from the surface back to our eyes. Bending of light caused by a change of speed. 2 Transparent Object Translucent Object Opaque Object Objects that let all the light rays pass through them. Eg: Glass, water Objects that let some light rays pass through them. Eg: waxed paper Objects that do not let any the light rays pass through them. Eg: 3 Wave length Frequency The number of waves that pass a point in a certain amount of time. The distance between a point on one wave and a similar point on the next wave. 22. Identify the given simple machines. 1.Wedge 2. Lever 3. Screw 4.Inclined plane 5.Wheel and axle 6.Pulley 23. Name any two simple machines used in the given items. a. wedge b. Lever c. Screw lever wheel and axle wheel and axle 24 Identify reflection and refraction from the given pictures. a. Refraction b. Reflection 25 Name the seven colors of the light spectrum. 5

6 1 violet 2 indigo 3 blue 4 green 5 yellow 6 orange 7 red 26 Give reason for the following statements. 1. Sound travels faster in solid. Ans: In solids, particles are close together. So the sound wave s vibrations can quickly move from one particles to the next. 2. A guitarist will pluck the thicker and heavier string to play a low pitch sound. Ans: Sound waves travel slowest through thicker and heavier string. Strings that vibrate slowly plays the lowest pitch. 3. We cannot see X- Ray. Ans: X rays cannot be seen because its wavelength is too short. 27 Answer the following questions: 1. How do you use force to do work? Ans: To do work, you use force to move an object or make a change. That means you move the object by pushing or pulling it. 2 How does a fixed pulley help you lift a load? Ans: A fixed pulley changes the direction of the force. If you pull down on the rope, the load is lifted up. 3 Name three kinds of work that a screw can do. Give an example. Ans: Fastening- use a wood screw to join pieces of wood Lifting- Use a screw jack to lift a car Digging- Use an auger to dig a hole 4 What are the two types of waves? Ans: Transverse and longitudinal waves. 5 How does wind instrument produce sound? 6

7 Ans: A musician blows air across a hole in the instrument, and the particles in the column of air vibrate, producing sound. 6 Laser light waves all have the same wavelength. What can you conclude about the color of laser light? Ans: Because the wavelengths of the laser light waves are the same, the laser light is one color. 7