Earth Science Seasons Test Name Per Date

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1 Name Per Date Page 1 1. The diagram below represents four positions of the Earth as it revolves around the Sun. 5. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows the apparent paths of the Sun at the beginning of each season for an observer at a location in Connecticut. At which position is the Earth located on December 21? 1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 2. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. The diagram represents the Earth at a position in orbit around the Sun, the Sun's rays at solar noon, and the direction to Polaris. Letters A through D represent positions on the Earth's surface. What is the time interval from the Sun's apparent path A to the Sun's apparent path C? 1) 1 day 2) 1 month 3) 6 months 4) 12 months 6. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows a view of Earth as seen from space at a certain time of the year. Which date is represented by the diagram? 1) March 21 2) June 21 3) September 23 4) December During how many days of a calendar year is the Sun directly overhead at noon in New Jersey? 1) only 1 day 2) only 2 days 3) 365 days 4) 0 days 4. On June 21, where will the Sun appear to rise for an observer located in New Jersey? 1) due west 2) due east 3) north of due east 4) south of due east Compared to observers at 35 S latitude, observers at 35 N latitude are generally experiencing 1) fewer hours of daylight and warmer temperatures 2) fewer hours of daylight and cooler temperatures 3) more hours of daylight and warmer temperatures 4) more hours of daylight and cooler temperatures 7. Which two factors determine the number of hours of daylight at a particular location? 1) longitude and season 2) longitude and the Earth's average diameter 3) latitude and season 4) latitude and the Earth's average diameter

2 Page 2 8. The diagram below shows the apparent paths of the Sun in relation to a house in New York State on June 21 and December The maps below show the amount of sea ice surrounding the continent of Antarctica at two different times of the year. Map A represents late August when the area covered by sea ice approaches its greatest extent. Map B represents the minimum extent of sea ice. Which statement best explains the cause of this apparent change in the Sun's path? 1) The Sun's orbital velocity changes as it revolves around the Earth. 2) The Earth's orbital velocity changes as it revolves around the Sun. 3) The Earth's axis is tilted 23 4) The Sun's axis is tilted The cartoon characters below are watching the Sun set. Which month is most probably represented by map B? 1) February 2) May 3) June 4) October 11. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents an exaggerated view of Earth revolving around the Sun. Letters A, B, C, and D represent Earth's location in its orbit on the first day of each of the four seasons. Toward which general direction are the characters looking? 1) north 2) south 3) east 4) west Earth s rate of revolution around the Sun is approximately 1) 1 per day 2) 360 per day 3) 15 per hour 4) 23.5 per hour

3 Page Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows a model of the apparent path and position of the Sun in relation to an observer at four different locations, A, B, C, and D, on Earth s surface on the dates indicated. The zenith (z) and the actual position of the Sun in the model at the time of the observation are shown. [The zenith is the point directly over the observer.] From sunrise to sunset at location B, the length of the observer s shadow will 1) increase, only 2) decrease, only 3) increase, then decrease 4) decrease, then increase 13. The diagram below shows the noontime shadows cast by a student and a tree. 14. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. The diagram represents a plastic hemisphere upon which lines have been drawn to show the apparent paths of the Sun on four days at a location in New York State. Two of the days are December 21 and June 21. The protractor is placed over the north-south line. If the time is solar noon and the student is located in New York State, in what direction is the student facing? 1) north 2) south 3) east 4) west Which graph best represents the relationship between the intensity of insolation and the time of the year for this location? 1) 2) 3) 4)

4 Page 4 Base your answers to questions 15 through 17 on the diagram below, which represents a model of the sky (celestial sphere) for an observer in New York State. The curved arrow represents the Sun s apparent path for part of one day. The altitude of Polaris is also indicated. 15. On which date could this observation of the Sun s apparent path have been made? 1) March 21 2) July 21 3) October 21 4) December Where is this observer most likely located? 1) Massena 2) Oswego 3) Slide Mountain 4) Mt. Marcy 17. According to this diagram, what is the Sun s altitude at solar noon? 1) ) 42 3) 48 4) 90

5 Page Base your answer to the following question on diagram below, which represents the Sun s apparent paths and the solar noon positions for an observer at 42 N latitude on December 21, September 23, and June 21. Which graph best shows the altitude of the Sun, as measured by the observer located at 42 N, at various times on December 21? 1) 2) 3) 4)

6 Page Base your answer to the following question on diagram and data table below. The diagram represents the Sun's apparent paths as viewed by an observer located at 50 N latitude on June 21 and March 21. The data table shows the Sun's maximum altitude for the same two dates of the year. The Sun's maximum altitude for December 21 has been left blank. Which value should be placed in the data table for the Sun's maximum altitude on December 21? 1) ) ) 40 4) 90º

7 Page Base your answer to the following question on the world map below. Letters A through D represent locations on Earth's surface. At which location on December 21 is the Sun directly overhead at solar noon? 1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D

8 Questions 21 through 25 refer to the following: The diagram below shows observations made by a sailor who left his ship and landed on a small deserted island on June 21. The diagram represents the apparent path of the Sun and the position of Polaris, as observed by the sailor on this island. 21) On the diagram provided, label on the observer s horizon, the eight compass directions (north, northwest, west, southwest, south, southeast, east, and northeast). 22) On the diagram provided, draw an arrow on the June 21 path of the Sun to show the Sun's direction of apparent movement from sunrise to sunset. 23) The sailor was still on the island on September 23. On the diagram provided, draw the Sun's apparent path for September 23, as it would have appeared to the sailor. [Be sure your September 23 path indicates the correct altitude of the noon Sun and begins and ends at the correct points on the horizon.] 24) Based on the sailor's observations, what is the latitude of this island? [Include the units and the compass direction in your answer.] 25) In the situation described, the sailor observed a 1-hour difference between solar noon on the island and solar noon at his last measured longitude onboard his ship. How many degrees of longitude is the island from the sailor's last measured longitude onboard his ship? Page 8