Question number Answer Notes Marks 1 correctly; (ii) Sun X should be left of the imaginary 5-7 line, reject X placed outside the orbit
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1 ( a) (i) omet orbit behind Sun completed Dashed or solid correctly; curved line X marked anywhere in grey area; No need to label X as Sun X should be left of the imaginary 5-7 line, reject X placed outside the orbit the curve should be pointy not a part of a circle, such that distance week6-week 5 > distance week 5- week4 (iii) Any one of the following ideas- MP. comet was behind/near the Allow labelled sketch MP. comet was obscured/eclipsed by MP. light from comet could not reach astronomer; MP4. Sun too bright to allow observation; MP5. we should not look directly at the (iv) C week 9; (v) Any two of - MP. Same time between observations; Allow specific reference to a week as the same time between observations MP. Different distances between observations; MP. Speed = distance time;
2 (vi) Any one of - Energy argument transfer of GPE to KE (ORA); Force argument, pulled by the Sun s gravitational force; Ignore unqualified pulled by gravity gravitation from other bodies (b) Substitution into given formula; Conversion from days to hours; Calculation; v = π (65 x 4) = (km/hour) 4 seen / (km/hour) Allow due π (ONLY) a that rounds to = (no 4 hr) 4 06 = (used 60 instead of 4) Total 0 marks
3 (a) any suitable from: accept appropriate correct answers 4 asteroid; meteor(ite); (artificial) satellite; a moon; comet; named planet; planets: Mercury Venus Mars dwarf planet Pluto; neutron star; white dwarf; any two suitable from: (the) Universe; galaxy; solar system; star / named planet (); named planet (); Sun and star is mark only planets should be gas giants: Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune galaxy; (b) (i) gravitational force / gravitational pull / (force of) gravity; B; (iii) single straight arrow directed towards judge by eye the (iv) B; total marks = 8
4 (a) B galaxy solar system Sun planet (b) (i) MP. Idea that (orbit) shapes both accept elliptical, oval, (approximately) circular; eccentricity MP. Idea that both planets orbit Allow Sun is at centre the same star / of orbit MP. similar plane of orbit; MP4. Same direction of orbit; different orbital radii ; Allow Earth (orbit) radius < Mars orbit radius different time period correct reference to speed of orbit different circumference reject incorrect comparisons (c) Substitution into correct equation; Evaluation; Answer to two significant figures; π r /T ONLY NO mark for equation as it is given on page v = π 500 ( mark).6 = ( marks) =0 000 (km/day) ( marks) Bald correct answer to or more s.f. scores marks, 786 (d) Ignore references to gravity MP. Idea that the orbital radii of the two Moons are different; MP. Idea that orbit radius of ORA Enceladus is larger; NB MP will be subsumed within MP response e.g orbit radius of Enceladus is ten times as big (ORA) gets both marks Allow response in terms of orbit / orbit diameter / orbit circumference Total 9 marks
5 4 (a) Venus; (b) because it has the largest mass; ignore references to diameter/size (c) (i) density = mass volume ; in words or accepted symbols = m/v condone D for density changing diameter to radius; substitution; evaluation; if diameter used instead of radius (gives.9x0 ) max = 00 x0 4 [4/ x.4 x 5000 ] - for POT error.5 x0 (kg/km ) allow answers rounding down to.5x0 (kg/km ) (d) change of time into seconds (seen anywhere); use of orbital radius as 50x0 6 km; evaluation; no mark for eqn as this is given v = x.4 x (50x0 6 ) 65 x 4 x 60 x (km/s) allow 0 (km/s) (e) an evaluation to include of: MP. identifying period as time of orbit; can refer to either mass or diameter of planet for size MP. correct detail of why statement is right/wrong; must name planets MP. correct use of data comparing planets; MP4. period depends on distance from the must name planets Total marks
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