Professor Emeritus in Astronomy, Honorary Lecturer and Senior Research Fellow, University of Glasgow
|
|
- Kristian Hancock
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Astronomy: Principles and Practice Fourth Edition A E Roy, PhD, FRAS, FRSE, FBIS Professor Emeritus in Astronomy, Honorary Lecturer and Senior Research Fellow, University of Glasgow D Clarke, PhD, MInstP, FRAS Honorary Research Fellow in Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow lop Institute of Physics Publishing Bristol and Philadelphia
2 Contents Foreword to fourth edition Foreword to third edition Foreword to second edition Foreword to first edition Acknowledgments xvii xix xx xxi xxiii PART 1 Introduction Chapters Naked eye observations Introduction Instantaneous phenomena Day Night A few hours Day Night A month A year 2 Ancient world models 3 Observations made by instruments The subjectivity of simple measurements Instrumentation in astronomy The role of the observer 16 4 The nature of the observables Introduction, Macroscopic bodies Atomic particles Electromagnetic radiation The wave nature of radiation The photon nature of radiation Polarization
3 viii - - Contents 5 The astronomer's measurements Introduction Direction of arrival of the radiation Brightness Factors affecting brightness The magnitude system Polarization Time The night sky Star maps and catalogues Simple observations PART 2 The Celestial Sphere and Elementary Celestial Mechanics Chapters The geometry of the sphere Introduction Spherical geometry Position on the Earth's surface GPS satellites Spherical trigonometry The formulas Proof of cosine formula Proof of sine formula Proof of the analogue to the cosine formula Proof of the four-parts formula Other formulas of spherical trigonometry The small spherical triangle 55 Problems Chapter The celestial sphere: coordinate systems Introduction The horizontal (alt-azimuth) system The equatorial system Southern hemisphere celestial spheres Circumpolar stars The measurement of latitude and declination The geocentric celestial sphere Transformation of one coordinate system into another Right ascension The Sun's geocentric behaviour Sunset and sunrise Megalithic man and the Sun Sidereal time The ecliptic system of coordinates Galactic coordinates 80 Problems Chapter 8 86
4 Contents ix 9 The celestial sphere: timekeeping systems Introduction Sidereal time Mean solar time The relationship between mean solar time and sidereal time The civil day and timekeeping The Greenwich date and zone time (with date) The tropical year and the calendar The Julian date Dynamical time The Earth's geographical zones The seasons Twilight 105 Problems Chapter The reduction of positional observations: I Introduction Atmospheric refraction The laws of refraction Astronomical refraction Measurement of the constant of refraction Horizontal refraction Correction for the observer's altitude Geocentric parallax The semi-diameter of a celestial object Measuring distance in the Solar System The Moon The planets Stellar parallax Stellar parallactic movements The parallactic ellipse The measurement of stellar parallax Theparsec Extrasolar planets 130 Problems Chapter The reduction of positional observations: II Introduction Stellar aberration The velocity of light The angle of aberration The constant of aberration Diurnal and planetary aberration Precession of the equinoxes Measuring the positions of T and the celestial equator Effect of precession on a star's equatorial coordinates The cause of precession Nutation The tropical and sidereal years 147 Problems Chapter
5 x Contents 12 Geocentric planetary phenomena Introduction The Ptolemaic System The Copernican System The astronomical discoveries of Galileo Planetary configurations The synodic period Measurement of planetary distances Geocentric motion of a planet Stationary points The phase of a planet Improvement of accuracy 164 Problems Chapter Celestial mechanics: the two-body problem Introduction Planetary orbits Kepler's laws Kepler's first law Kepler's second law Kepler's third law Newton's laws of motion Newton's law of gravitation The Principia of Isaac Newton The two-body problem Equations of motion The solution of the two-body problem ' The energy integral The velocity of a planet in its orbit The period of revolution of a planet in its orbit, Newton's form of Kepler's third law Measuring the mass of a planet Co-periodic orbits Solar radiation pressure The astronomical unit 183 Problems Chapter 13, Celestial mechanics: the many-body problem Introduction The elements of an orbit General properties of the many-body problem General perturbation theories Special perturbation theories General principles Chaos and unpredictability Dynamics of artificial Earth satellites Forces acting on artificial satellites Effect of the Earth's shape on a satellite orbit Effect of the Earth's atmosphere on a satellite orbit The geostationary satellite Interplanetary transfer orbits 195
6 Contents xi Introduction Transfer between circular, coplanar orbits about the Sun Transfer between particles moving in circular, coplanar orbits Transfer between planets Interplanetary billiards 204 Problems Chapter PART 3 Observational Techniques Chapters The radiation laws Introduction The velocity of light Kirchhoff 's law Solid angle Black body radiation The basic behaviour Stefan's law Wien's displacement law Magnitude measurements The stellar output Stellar magnitudes Spectral lines Introduction The Bohr hydrogen atom The hydrogen spectrum Molecular spectra Basic spectrometry ' Simple considerations The Doppler shift \ Natural line width Thermal line broadening Collisional line broadening Line broadening by rotation Polarization phenomena The Zeeman effect 234 Problems Chapter The optics of telescope collectors Introduction The telescope collector The telescope and the collected energy Stellar brightness Brightness of an extended object Illumination Telescope resolving power Refractors Objectives Chromatic aberration Spherical aberration 253
7 xii.. Contents Coma Astigmatism Curvature of field Distortion of field Transmission efficiency of the refractor Reflectors Principles Newtonian reflectors Cassegrain reflectors Transmission efficiency of the reflector Comparison of refractors and reflectors 263 Problems Chapter Visual use of telescopes Magnifying power Visual resolving power Magnification limits Limiting magnitude Eyepieces Micrometer eyepieces Solar eyepieces 281 Problems Chapter Detectors for optical telescopes The optical spectrum Spectral sensitivity Quantum efficiency The eye as a detector The photographic plate Introduction Spatial resolution \ Speed Spectral sensitivity Photographic photometry Photographic efficiency Limiting magnitude Unsharp masking ' Photoelectric devices Introduction Spectral sensitivity Quantum efficiency The photomultiplier Its principle DC amplification Photon-counting photometry Dark background Limiting magnitude Image converters TV systems and other detectors Charge coupled devices 300 Problems Chapter
8 Contents xiii 19 Astronomical optical measurements 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Positional measurements 19.3 Broadband spectral photometry 19.4 Standard magnitude systems 19.5 Colour indices 19.6 Bolometric magnitudes 19.7 Disturbances caused by the atmosphere Introduction Extinction Atmospheric turbulence 19.8 Image photometry Photographic photometry Photoelectric photometry CCD photometry Polarimetry 19.9 Spectrometry Problems Chapter Modern telescopes and other optical systems 20.1 The new technologies Active optics 20.2 Adaptive optics 20.3 Measurements at high angular resolution Michelson's stellar interferometer Aperture synthesis The intensity interferometer Lunar occultation method Speckle interferometry 20.4 The Schmidt telescope 20.5 The transit telescope 20.6 Zenith tubes 20.7 Portable positional instruments The theodolite The sextant 20.8 The coelostat 20.9 The coronagraph 21 Radio telescopes 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Antennas 21.3 Antenna design The basic dipole The half-wave dipole The Yagi antenna Antenna arrays 21.4 Parabolic dishes 21.5 Horn collectors 21.6 Interferometry A basic interferometer A phase-switched interferometer
9 xiv - - Contents Very long baseline interferometry Aperture synthesis Lunar occultations Polarization Radar observations 372 Problems Chapter Telescope mountings Optical telescopes Equatorial mountings The German mounting The fork mounting The English mounting The coude system Telescope domes Radio telescopes High energy instruments and other detectors Introduction X-ray astronomy X-ray energies X-ray telescopes X-ray spectrometry X-ray detectors y-ray astronomy Detectors and satellites y-ray spectral lines Cerenkov radiation and detection Ultraviolet astronomy Infrared astronomy Millimetre astronomy Neutrino astronomy Introduction Neutrino telescopes Gravitational radiation The missing mass problem \ 393 ' PART 4 Experimental Work Chapter Practical projects Introduction The Sun as a timekeeper A horizontal sundial A vertical sundial A noon-marker 24.3 The Sun as a position finder Simple determination of latitude Theodolite observations Sextant observations 24.4 Observational radio astronomy
10 Contents xv Observing the Sun Observing geostationary satellites Solar disc phenomena: practical exercises Visual observations Recording sunspots by drawing Determination of the solar rotation period The eccentricity of the Earth's orbit Use of a pinhole camera Atmospheric extinction The Moon's orbit: practical projects Measuring the Moon's distance Planetary orbits The outer planets The inner planets Kepler's second law The telescope Resolving power Magnifying power Photography of star fields Spectra Michelson's stellar interferometer Digital photography. 449 Web sites 451 Appendix: Astronomical and related constants 454 A.I Physical constants 454 A.2 Time. 454 A.3 Mathematical constants, systems of units and conversion factors 455 A.4 Basic formulas ; 456 Bibliography Source books Practical projects Books on specific topics 459 Answers to problems 460 Index 469
Exam# 1 Review Gator 1 Keep the first page of the exam. Scores will be published using the exam number Chapter 0 Charting the Heavens
Exam# 1 Review Exam is Wednesday October 11 h at 10:40AM, room FLG 280 Bring Gator 1 ID card Bring pencil #2 (HB) with eraser. We provide the scantrons No use of calculator or any electronic device during
More informationInternational Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA)
Syllabus of International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA) General Notes 1. Extensive contents in basic astronomical concepts are required in theoretical and practical problems. 2. Basic concepts
More informationAST 101 INTRODUCTION TO ASTRONOMY SPRING MIDTERM EXAM 1 TEST VERSION 1 ANSWERS NOTE: Question 20 Fixed
AST 101 INTRODUCTION TO ASTRONOMY SPRING 2008 - MIDTERM EXAM 1 TEST VERSION 1 ANSWERS NOTE: Question 20 Fixed Multiple Choice. In the blanks provided before each question write the letter for the phrase
More informationAstronomy I Exam I Sample Name: Read each question carefully, and choose the best answer.
Name: Read each question carefully, and choose the best answer. 1. During a night in Schuylkill Haven, most of the stars in the sky (A) are stationary through the night. (B) the actual motion depends upon
More informationChapter S1 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Celestial Timekeeping and Navigation Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter S1 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Celestial Timekeeping and Navigation 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Celestial Timekeeping and Navigation 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. S1.1 Astronomical
More informationAST 2010 Descriptive Astronomy Study Guide Exam I
AST 2010 Descriptive Astronomy Study Guide Exam I Wayne State University 1 Introduction and overview Identify the most significant structures in the universe: Earth, planets, Sun, solar system, stars,
More informationChapter S1 Celestial Timekeeping and Navigation. How do we define the day, month, year, and planetary time periods?
Chapter S1 Celestial Timekeeping and Navigation S1.1 Astronomical Time Periods Our goals for learning:! How do we define the day, month, year, and planetary time periods?! How do we tell the time of day?!
More informationUseful Formulas and Values
Name Test 1 Planetary and Stellar Astronomy 2017 (Last, First) The exam has 20 multiple choice questions (3 points each) and 8 short answer questions (5 points each). This is a closed-book, closed-notes
More informationMapping Document. GCSE (9-1) Astronomy. Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE (9-1) in Astronomy (1AS0)
Mapping Document GCSE (9-1) Astronomy Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE (9-1) in Astronomy (1AS0) GCSE (9-1) Astronomy Mapping document This document is designed to help you compare the existing 2011
More informationAstronomy 1504/15014 Section 20
1 point each Astronomy 1504/15014 Section 20 Midterm 1 (Practice Exam) September 21, 2015 Exam Version A Choose the answer that best completes the question. Read each problem carefully and read through
More informationPHYS 160 Astronomy Test #1 Fall 2017 Version B
PHYS 160 Astronomy Test #1 Fall 2017 Version B 1 I. True/False (1 point each) Circle the T if the statement is true, or F if the statement is false on your answer sheet. 1. An object has the same weight,
More informationEarth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens
Earth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens Origins of Modern Astronomy Earth Science, 13e Chapter 21 Stanley C. Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College Early history of astronomy Ancient Greeks Used philosophical
More informationAnswer Key for Exam C
Answer Key for Exam C 1 point each Choose the answer that best completes the question. Read each problem carefully and read through all the answers. Take your time. If a question is unclear, ask for clarification
More informationAnswer Key for Exam B
Answer Key for Exam B 1 point each Choose the answer that best completes the question. Read each problem carefully and read through all the answers. Take your time. If a question is unclear, ask for clarification
More informationIntroduction The Role of Astronomy p. 3 Astronomical Objects of Research p. 4 The Scale of the Universe p. 7 Spherical Astronomy Spherical
Introduction The Role of Astronomy p. 3 Astronomical Objects of Research p. 4 The Scale of the Universe p. 7 Spherical Astronomy Spherical Trigonometry p. 9 The Earth p. 12 The Celestial Sphere p. 14 The
More informationEarth Science, 11e. Origin of Modern Astronomy Chapter 21. Early history of astronomy. Early history of astronomy. Early history of astronomy
2006 Pearson Prentice Hall Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 21 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors
More informationFundamental Astronomy
H. Karttunen P. Kroger H. Oja M.Poutanen K.J. Donner (Eds.) Fundamental Astronomy Fifth Edition With 449 Illustrations Including 34 Colour Plates and 75 Exercises with Solutions < J Springer VII 1. Introduction
More informationOptics and Telescopes
Optics and Telescopes Guiding Questions 1. Why is it important that telescopes be large? 2. Why do most modern telescopes use a large mirror rather than a large lens? 3. Why are observatories in such remote
More informationAstronomy. Optics and Telescopes
Astronomy A. Dayle Hancock adhancock@wm.edu Small 239 Office hours: MTWR 10-11am Optics and Telescopes - Refraction, lenses and refracting telescopes - Mirrors and reflecting telescopes - Diffraction limit,
More informationMidterm Study Guide Astronomy 122
Midterm Study Guide Astronomy 122 Introduction: 1. How is modern Astronomy different from Astrology? 2. What is the speed of light? Is it constant or changing? 3. What is an AU? Light-year? Parsec? Which
More informationx Contents Segmented Mirror Telescopes Metal and Lightweight Mirrors Mirror Polishing
Contents 1 Fundamentals of Optical Telescopes... 1 1.1 A Brief History of Optical Telescopes.................... 1 1.2 General Astronomical Requirements..................... 6 1.2.1 Angular Resolution.............................
More informationa. 0.5 AU b. 5 AU c. 50 AU d.* AU e AU
1 AST104 Sp04: WELCOME TO EXAM 1 Multiple Choice Questions: Mark the best answer choice. Read all answer choices before making selection. (No credit given when multiple answers are marked.) 1. A galaxy
More informationFoundations of Astronomy 13e Seeds. Chapter 6. Light and Telescopes
Foundations of Astronomy 13e Seeds Chapter 6 Light and Telescopes Guidepost In this chapter, you will consider the techniques astronomers use to study the Universe What is light? How do telescopes work?
More informationChapter 6 Light and Telescopes
Chapter 6 Light and Telescopes Guidepost In the early chapters of this book, you looked at the sky the way ancient astronomers did, with the unaided eye. In chapter 4, you got a glimpse through Galileo
More informationStars, Galaxies & the Universe (29:50) Professor C.C. Lang Exam #1 - Fall 2010 Wednesday, September 22 nd FORM B - SOLUTIONS
Stars, Galaxies & the Universe (29:50) Professor C.C. Lang Exam #1 - Fall 2010 Wednesday, September 22 nd FORM B - SOLUTIONS Questions 1-6 are True/False questions (worth 4 pts each): 1. The Sun is a Red
More informationASTRONOMY METHODS. A Physical Approach to Astronomical Observations CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. HALE BRADT Massachusetts Institute of Technology
ASTRONOMY METHODS A Physical Approach to Astronomical Observations HALE BRADT Massachusetts Institute of Technology CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS List of figures page xiv List of tables xviii Preface xix
More informationName Class Date. For each pair of terms, explain how the meanings of the terms differ.
Skills Worksheet Chapter Review USING KEY TERMS 1. Use each of the following terms in a separate sentence: year, month, day, astronomy, electromagnetic spectrum, constellation, and altitude. For each pair
More informationExam #1 Covers material from first day of class, all the way through Tides and Nature of Light Supporting reading chapters 1-5 Some questions are
Exam #1 Covers material from first day of class, all the way through Tides and Nature of Light Supporting reading chapters 1-5 Some questions are concept questions, some involve working with equations,
More informationUnit 1 Discovering the Heavens I. Introduction to Astronomy A. Celestial Sphere
Unit 1 Discovering the Heavens I. Introduction to Astronomy A. Celestial Sphere celestial sphere - a model that represents the real sky with the Earth at the center - used to help visualize positions of
More informationHow Light Beams Behave. Light and Telescopes Guiding Questions. Telescopes A refracting telescope uses a lens to concentrate incoming light at a focus
Light and Telescopes Guiding Questions 1. Why is it important that telescopes be large? 2. Why do most modern telescopes use a large mirror rather than a large lens? 3. Why are observatories in such remote
More informationAstro 1010 Planetary Astronomy Sample Questions for Exam 3
Astro 1010 Planetary Astronomy Sample Questions for Exam 3 Chapter 6 1. Which of the following statements is false? a) Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one medium to another. b) Mirrors
More informationTest 1 Review Chapter 1 Our place in the universe
Test 1 Review Bring Gator 1 ID card Bring pencil #2 with eraser No use of calculator or any electronic device during the exam We provide the scantrons Formulas will be projected on the screen You can use
More informationThe Principles of Astronomical Telescope Design
The Principles of Astronomical Telescope Design Jingquan Cheng National Radio Astronomy Observatory Charlottesville, Virginia,.USA " 4y Springer Fundamentals of Optical Telescopes 1 1.1 A Brief History
More informationIntroduction To Modern Astronomy I: Solar System
ASTR 111 003 Fall 2007 Lecture 02 Sep. 10, 2007 Introduction To Modern Astronomy I: Solar System Introducing Astronomy (chap. 1-6) Planets and Moons (chap. 7-15) Chap. 16: Our Sun Chap. 28: Search for
More informationd. Galileo Galilei i. Heard about lenses being used to magnify objects 1. created his own telescopes to 30 power not the inventor! 2. looked
1. Age of Reason a. Nicolaus Copernicus 1473-1543 i. Commenteriolus manuscript circulated from 1512 1. unpublished 2. Heliocentric hypothesis ii. On the Revolutions of the Planets published year of his
More informationAstronomical Equipment for
Astronomical Equipment for Martin Mobberley Springer 1 Fundamentals for Beginners 1 Using Low Magnification 1 Using High Magnification 4 Formulae 4 Jargon 4 Eyepiece Sizes 6 2 Refractors and Reflectors
More informationAstronomical Tools. Optics Telescope Design Optical Telescopes Radio Telescopes Infrared Telescopes X Ray Telescopes Gamma Ray Telescopes
Astronomical Tools Optics Telescope Design Optical Telescopes Radio Telescopes Infrared Telescopes X Ray Telescopes Gamma Ray Telescopes Laws of Refraction and Reflection Law of Refraction n 1 sin θ 1
More informationMidterm 1. - Covers Ch. 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5 (HW 1, 2, 3, & 4) ** bring long green SCANTRON 882 E short answer questions (show work)
Midterm 1 - Covers Ch. 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5 (HW 1, 2, 3, & 4) - 20 multiple choice/fill-in the blank ** bring long green SCANTRON 882 E - 10 short answer questions (show work) - formula sheet will be included
More informationFundamentals of Satellite technology
Fundamentals of Satellite technology Prepared by A.Kaviyarasu Assistant Professor Department of Aerospace Engineering Madras Institute Of Technology Chromepet, Chennai Orbital Plane All of the planets,
More informationASTRONOMY LECTURE NOTES MIDTERM REVIEW. ASTRONOMY LECTURE NOTES Chapter 1 Charting the Heavens
ASTRONOMY LECTURE NOTES MIDTERM REVIEW ASTRONOMY LECTURE NOTES Chapter 1 Charting the Heavens How Do We Locate Objects in the Sky? Local-Sky Coordinates versus Celestial-Sphere Coordinates When the sky
More informationThe point in an orbit around the Sun at which an object is at its greatest distance from the Sun (Opposite of perihelion).
ASTRONOMY TERMS Albedo Aphelion Apogee A measure of the reflectivity of an object and is expressed as the ratio of the amount of light reflected by an object to that of the amount of light incident upon
More informationis a revolution relative to a fixed celestial position. is the instant of transit of mean equinox relative to a fixed meridian position.
PERIODICITY FORMULAS: Sidereal Orbit Tropical Year Eclipse Year Anomalistic Year Sidereal Lunar Orbit Lunar Mean Daily Sidereal Motion Lunar Synodical Period Centenial General Precession Longitude (365.25636042
More informationBrock University. Test 1, May 2014 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P01 Number of Students: 500 Date of Examination: May 21, 2014
Brock University Test 1, May 2014 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P01 Number of Students: 500 Date of Examination: May 21, 2014 Number of hours: 50 min Time of Examination: 14:00 14:50 Instructor: B.Mitrović
More informationCoordinate Systems for Astronomy or: How to get your telescope to observe the right object
Coordinate Systems for Astronomy or: How to get your telescope to observe the right object Figure 1: Basic definitions for the Earth Definitions - Poles, Equator, Meridians, Parallels The rotation of the
More informationThe Position of the Sun. Berthold K. P. Horn. necessary to know the position of the sun in the sky. This is particularly
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LABORATORY Working Paper No. 162 March 1978 The Position of the Sun Berthold K. P. Horn Abstract. The appearance of a surface depends dramatically
More informationOptics and Telescope. Chapter Six
Optics and Telescope Chapter Six ASTR 111 003 Fall 2007 Lecture 06 Oct. 09, 2007 Introduction To Modern Astronomy I: Solar System Introducing Astronomy (chap. 1-6) Planets and Moons (chap. 7-15) Chap.
More informationAstronomical Techniques
Astronomical Techniques Lecture 2 Yogesh Wadadekar ISYA 2016, Tehran ISYA 2016, Tehran 1 / 51 How sun moves? How do stars move in the sky? ISYA 2016, Tehran 2 / 51 Celestial sphere ISYA 2016, Tehran 3
More informationCELESTIAL MECHANICS. Part I. Mathematical Preambles
Chapter 1. Numerical Methods CELESTIAL MECHANICS Part I. Mathematical Preambles 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Numerical Integration 1.3 Quadratic Equations 1.4 The Solution of f(x) = 0 1.5 The Solution of Polynomial
More informationChapter 6 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective. Telescopes Portals of Discovery Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 6 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Telescopes Portals of Discovery 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Telescopes Portals of Discovery CofC Observatory 6.1 Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors Our goals
More informationLight and Telescope 10/24/2018. PHYS 1403 Introduction to Astronomy. Reminder/Announcement. Chapter Outline. Chapter Outline (continued)
PHYS 1403 Introduction to Astronomy Light and Telescope Chapter 6 Reminder/Announcement 1. Extension for Term Project 1: Now Due on Monday November 12 th 2. You will be required to bring your cross staff
More informationTools of Astronomy Tools of Astronomy
Tools of Astronomy Tools of Astronomy The light that comes to Earth from distant objects is the best tool that astronomers can use to learn about the universe. In most cases, there is no other way to study
More informationThe Celestial Sphere. GEK1506 Heavenly Mathematics: Cultural Astronomy
The Celestial Sphere GEK1506 Heavenly Mathematics: Cultural Astronomy Helmer Aslaksen Department of Mathematics National University of Singapore aslaksen@math.nus.edu.sg www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/ The
More informationChapter 6 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Telescopes Portals of Discovery Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 6 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Telescopes Portals of Discovery Telescopes Portals of Discovery 6.1 Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors Our goals for learning: How do eyes
More informationASTR-1010: Astronomy I Course Notes Section VI
ASTR-1010: Astronomy I Course Notes Section VI Dr. Donald G. Luttermoser Department of Physics and Astronomy East Tennessee State University Edition 2.0 Abstract These class notes are designed for use
More informationName and Student ID Section Day/Time:
AY2 - Overview of the Universe - Midterm #1 - Instructor: Maria F. Duran Name and Student ID Section Day/Time: 1) Imagine we ve discovered a planet orbiting another star at 1 AU every 6 months. The planet
More informationWhy Use a Telescope?
1 Why Use a Telescope? All astronomical objects are distant so a telescope is needed to Gather light -- telescopes sometimes referred to as light buckets Resolve detail Magnify an image (least important
More informationFundamentals of Astrodynamics and Applications
Fundamentals of Astrodynamics and Applications Third Edition David A. Vallado with technical contributions by Wayne D. McClain Space Technology Library Published Jointly by Microcosm Press Hawthorne, CA
More informationModern Navigation. Thomas Herring
12.215 Modern Navigation Thomas Herring Review of Monday s Class Spherical Trigonometry Review plane trigonometry Concepts in Spherical Trigonometry Distance measures Azimuths and bearings Basic formulas:
More informationAstronomy 291. Professor Bradley M. Peterson
Astronomy 291 Professor Bradley M. Peterson The Sky As a first step, we need to understand the appearance of the sky. Important points (to be explained): The relative positions of stars remain the same
More informationAstronomy Today. Eighth edition. Eric Chaisson Steve McMillan
Global edition Astronomy Today Eighth edition Eric Chaisson Steve McMillan The Distance Scale ~1 Gpc Velocity L Distance Hubble s law Supernovae ~200 Mpc Time Tully-Fisher ~25 Mpc ~10,000 pc Time Variable
More informationPhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 1. The diagram shows the concave mirror of a Cassegrain reflecting telescope, together with the eyepiece lens. Complete the diagram of the telescope and mark on it the focal
More informationUniverse Now. 2. Astronomical observations
Universe Now 2. Astronomical observations 2. Introduction to observations Astronomical observations are made in all wavelengths of light. Absorption and emission can reveal different things on different
More informationTelescopes, Observatories, Data Collection
Telescopes, Observatories, Data Collection Telescopes 1 Astronomy : observational science only input is the light received different telescopes, different wavelengths of light lab experiments with spectroscopy,
More informationRefraction is the bending of light when it passes from one substance into another. Your eye uses refraction to focus light.
Telescopes Portals of Discovery Chapter 6 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective 6.1 Eyes and Cameras: Everyday Light Sensors How do eyes and cameras work? Seventh Edition Telescopes Portals of Discovery The Eye
More informationFoundations of Astrophysics
Foundations of Astrophysics Barbara Ryden The Ohio State University Bradley M. Peterson The Ohio State University Preface xi 1 Early Astronomy 1 1.1 The Celestial Sphere 1 1.2 Coordinate Systems on a Sphere
More informationCoursework Booklet 2
Level 3 Applied Science UNIT 16: Astronomy and Space Science PHYSICS SECTION Coursework Booklet 2 1 P a g e Astronomy and space science Learning aim B Undertake measurement and observation of astronomical
More informationAstronomy 201 Review 1 Answers
Astronomy 201 Review 1 Answers What is temperature? What happens to the temperature of a box of gas if you compress it? What happens to the temperature of the gas if you open the box and let the gas expand?
More informationASTR 2310: Chapter 6
ASTR 231: Chapter 6 Astronomical Detection of Light The Telescope as a Camera Refraction and Reflection Telescopes Quality of Images Astronomical Instruments and Detectors Observations and Photon Counting
More informationADAS Guide to Telescope Instrumentation and Operation. Produced by Members of the Society, April 2014
ADAS Guide to Telescope Instrumentation and Operation Produced by Members of the Society, April 2014 1 Introduction The ADAS authors hope that this guide will prove useful and ask you to provide a feedback
More informationa. 0.1 AU b. 10 AU c light years d light years
1 AST104 Sp2006: EXAM 1 Multiple Choice Questions: Mark the best answer choice on the bubble form. Read all answer choices before making selection. (No credit given when multiple answers are marked.) 1.
More informationCONTENTS. vii. in this web service Cambridge University Press. Preface Acknowledgements. xiii xvi
CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgements xiii xvi 1 Earth and sky 1 1.1 Planet Earth 1 1.2 The Earth s magnetosphere 6 1.3 Aurorae 8 1.4 Visually observing aurorae 10 1.5 Other methods of observing aurorae 16
More informationAstronomical Techniques I
Astronomical Techniques I Lecture 1 Yogesh Wadadekar Jan-Feb 2015 IUCAA-NCRA Grad School 1 / 23 Course Website http://www.ncra.tifr.res.in:8081/ yogesh/astrotech1_2015/ Best way to reach me is by email
More informationAn Introduction to Radio Astronomy
An Introduction to Radio Astronomy Second edition Bernard F. Burke and Francis Graham-Smith CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface to the second edition page x 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The role of radio
More informationLOCATING CELESTIAL OBJECTS: COORDINATES AND TIME. a. understand the basic concepts needed for any astronomical coordinate system.
UNIT 2 UNIT 2 LOCATING CELESTIAL OBJECTS: COORDINATES AND TIME Goals After mastery of this unit, you should: a. understand the basic concepts needed for any astronomical coordinate system. b. understand
More informationChapter. Origin of Modern Astronomy
Chapter Origin of Modern Astronomy 22.1 Early Astronomy Ancient Greeks Astronomy is the science that studies the universe. It includes the observation and interpretation of celestial bodies and phenomena.
More informationChapter 0 2/19/2014. Lecture Outline. 0.1 The Obvious View. Charting the Heavens. 0.1 The Obvious View. 0.1 The Obvious View. Units of Chapter 0
Lecture Outline Chapter 0 Charting the Heavens Earth is average we don t occupy any special place in the universe Universe: Totality of all space, time, matter, and energy Astronomy: Study of the universe
More informationASTRONOMY CURRICULUM Unit 1: Introduction to Astronomy
Chariho Regional School District - Science Curriculum September, 2016 ASTRONOMY CURRICULUM Unit 1: Introduction to Astronomy OVERVIEW Summary Students will be introduced to the overarching concept of astronomy.
More informationFinal exam is Wednesday, December 14, in LR 1 VAN at 9:45 am.
Announcements Final exam is Wednesday, December 14, in LR 1 VAN at 9:45 am. Astronomy tutorial: Tuesday 3-5, 7-9 pm in 310 VAN Office hours: Tuesday 1 3 pm, Wednesday 10-11 am, or by appointment in 702
More informationPHYS 160 Astronomy Test #2 Fall 2017 Version A
PHYS 160 Astronomy Test #2 Fall 2017 Version A I. True/False (1 point each) Circle the T if the statement is true, or F if the statement is false on your answer sheet. 1. A blackbody emits all of its radiation
More informationGravitation and the Waltz of the Planets
Gravitation and the Waltz of the Planets Chapter Four Guiding Questions 1. How did ancient astronomers explain the motions of the planets? 2. Why did Copernicus think that the Earth and the other planets
More informationGravitation and the Waltz of the Planets. Chapter Four
Gravitation and the Waltz of the Planets Chapter Four Guiding Questions 1. How did ancient astronomers explain the motions of the planets? 2. Why did Copernicus think that the Earth and the other planets
More informationLight as Wave Motion p. 1 Huygens' Ideas p. 2 Newton's Ideas p. 8 Complex Numbers p. 10 Simple Harmonic Motion p. 11 Polarized Waves in a Stretched
Introduction p. xvii Light as Wave Motion p. 1 Huygens' Ideas p. 2 Newton's Ideas p. 8 Complex Numbers p. 10 Simple Harmonic Motion p. 11 Polarized Waves in a Stretched String p. 16 Velocities of Mechanical
More informationEarly history of astronomy. Early history of astronomy. Positions in the sky. Lecture 3: The Sun & Constellations
Lecture 3: The Sun & Constellations Professor Kenny L. Tapp Early history of astronomy Birth of modern astronomy Noted scientist Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) Ushered in new astronomy Planets revolve around
More informationTelescopes come in three basic styles
Telescopes come in three basic styles Refracting telescopes use lenses Refractors are either achromatic (some color distortion) or apochromatic (very little if any color distortion). Apo refractors use
More informationWhat are the most important properties of a telescope? Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery. What are the two basic designs of telescopes?
Chapter 6 Telescopes: Portals of Discovery What are the most important properties of a telescope? 1. Light-collecting area: Telescopes with a larger collecting area can gather a greater amount of light
More informationUnit 2: Celestial Mechanics
Unit 2: Celestial Mechanics The position of the Earth Ptolemy (90 168 AD) Made tables that allowed a user to locate the position of a planet at any past, present, or future date. In order to maintain circular
More informationAy 1 Lecture 2. Starting the Exploration
Ay 1 Lecture 2 Starting the Exploration 2.1 Distances and Scales Some Commonly Used Units Distance: Astronomical unit: the distance from the Earth to the Sun, 1 au = 1.496 10 13 cm ~ 1.5 10 13 cm Light
More informationGravitation and the Motion of the Planets
Gravitation and the Motion of the Planets 1 Guiding Questions 1. How did ancient astronomers explain the motions of the planets? 2. Why did Copernicus think that the Earth and the other planets go around
More information3) During retrograde motion a planet appears to be A) dimmer than usual. B) the same brightness as usual C) brighter than usual.
Descriptive Astronomy (ASTR 108) Exam 1 B February 17, 2010 Name: In each of the following multiple choice questions, select the best possible answer. In the line on the scan sheet corresponding to the
More information1) Kepler's third law allows us to find the average distance to a planet from observing its period of rotation on its axis.
Descriptive Astronomy (ASTR 108) Exam 1 A February 17, 2010 Name: In each of the following multiple choice questions, select the best possible answer. In the line on the scan sheet corresponding to the
More informationPractice Test DeAnza College Astronomy 04 Test 1 Spring Quarter 2009
Practice Test DeAnza College Astronomy 04 Test 1 Spring Quarter 2009 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Mark answer on Scantron.
More information1 Astronomy: The Original Science
CHAPTER 18 1 Astronomy: The Original Science SECTION Studying Space BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do astronomers define a day, a month,
More informationIII. ASTRONOMY TOOLS:
III. ASTRONOMY TOOLS: A. Since light is so important to astronomers, they want to collect as much of it as possible from a given object, and quantitatively study it in great detail. 1. Astronomers use
More informationCHAPTER IV INSTRUMENTATION: OPTICAL TELESCOPE
CHAPTER IV INSTRUMENTATION: OPTICAL TELESCOPE Outline: Main Function of Telescope Types of Telescope and Optical Design Optical Parameters of Telescope Light gathering power Magnification Resolving power
More informationUniverse. Chapter 6. Optics and Telescopes 8/12/2015. By reading this chapter, you will learn. Tenth Edition
Roger Freedman Robert Geller William Kaufmann III Universe Tenth Edition Chapter 6 Optics and Telescopes By reading this chapter, you will learn 6 1 How a refracting telescope uses a lens to form an image
More informationKnowing the Heavens. Goals: Constellations in the Sky
Goals: Knowing the Heavens To see how the sky changes during a night and from night to night. To measure the positions of stars in celestial coordinates. To understand the cause of the seasons. Constellations
More informationPeer Led Team Learning. Tycho Brahe in his observatory His careful observations and records are his most important legacy
Birth of Modern Astronomy Celestial Motion Lab starts this week NS 017 Bring lab manual to lab Do Prelab 1 before you go! Peer Led Team Learning Tuesday 5:45 to 7:45 PM Library Room 205 Add ES104X CRN
More informationPRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL OPTICS
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL OPTICS C. A. Bennett University of North Carolina At Asheville WILEY- INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION CONTENTS Preface 1 The Physics of Waves 1 1.1 Introduction
More informationAn Introduction to Radio Astronomy
An Introduction to Radio Astronomy Bernard F. Burke Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Francis Graham-Smith Jodrell Bank, University of Manchester CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface Acknowledgements
More informationEquatorial Telescope Mounting
Equatorial Telescope Mounting Star Catalogs simbad IRSA The Meridian Every line of celestial longitude is a meridian of longitude, but we recognize the line of longitude, or simply the great circle line,
More information