The Kunlun Infrared Sky Survey (KISS) with AST3-NIR Camera. Jessica Zheng
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1 The Kunlun Infrared Sky Survey (KISS) with AST3-NIR Camera Jessica Zheng 1
2 KISS First comprehensive exploration of time varying Universe in the Infrared 2MASS, time sensitive SkyMapper, infrared Science Star formation Brown Dwarf & Hot Jupiters Supernovae Exoplanets around M Dwarfs Fast Transients, Fast Radio Bursts, and Gravitational Wave Sources Reverberation Mapping of Active Galactic Nuclei(AGN) Gamma Ray Bursts The cosmic Infrared Background * Burton, M. G., Zheng, J., Mould, J., Cooke, J., Ireland, M., Uddin, S. A., Zhang H., Yuan, X., Lawrence, J.,Ashley, M. C. B., "Scientific goals of the Kunlun Infrared Sky Survey (KISS)," Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. 33, DOI: /pasa
3 AST3-NIR Camera and KISS One of AST3 dedicated to conduct the Kunlun infrared sky survey at Kdark(KISS). Technical concept developed during early China responsible for telescope hardware and control, logistics, deployment. Australia responsible for instrument hardware and control, and power generation system. Project Kick-off meeting happened during 2015 International Collaboration Meeting on Antarctic Survey Telescopes (AST3), March, Hong Kong The telescope is already built and is now being tested at NIAOT. 3
4 Why in Antarctic? Australia has a long history in Antarctic Astrophysics Existing China-Australia collaboration in Astronomy The ARC LIEF grant 2014(PI: Jeremy Mould) Continuous observing time > 3 months during winter Low temperature and sky background in infrared 2.4µm: longest wavelength from the Earth, deep imaging Less cloud, Low turbulence boundary layers, and large Isoplanatic angle Dry air, high transmission in infrared 4
5 The Major Challenges 1260km Geographically High altitude: 4094m Low pressure: 570hPa Extreme low temperature & large temp difference Harsh weather conditions: snow, ice, radiation Administration: Transportation: complicated & limited support Installation/testing: limited working time/facilities Operation: low-bandwidth communication link Logistics: limited summer support, no winter-over Multiple parties 5
6 Parameter Key Parameters Value λ (Δλ) 2.375(0.23) µm (K dark ) Pupil Image Quality Array Sampling 50cm 1.9 (1.1 x diffraction limit + tolerance and seeing) 1280 x 1032, 15µm pixels Leonardo detector, mosaic pixels Field of View(FOV) ~28.7 x 46.1 Assuming: Background Sky [South Pole] Achieving: Background limited integration time 1σ 30 2 seconds K dark = 17.0 mags/arc 2 =100µJy/arc secs(200k) 18.2 mags. [Vega magnitudes]. 10σ 1 hour Saturation limit (in 60 sec) 21.4 mags. K dark = 10.7 mags. 6
7 Optical and Mechanical Layout of AST3-3 NIR Camera Optical parameters EFL:2244 F/# :4.48 Operation parameters Pixel Scale: 1.35 /pixel(averaged over the FOV) Field of view : The gap of the FOV: 6 (4mm mounting gap) Image quality 7
8 AST3-NIR Camera Window Cold stop Detector (77K) Ambient temperature Dewar (150K) Filter 19.2 (28.7 ) Detector1 4 Detector2 Chip Specification: Pixel Size: 15µm QE>70% Read Noise: 9e- and 30e- (Fowler and CDS read out mode) 34.96(46.1 ) 8
9 Thermal Emission Scattering light 9
10 Filter Optimization Center Wavelength:2.375um Bandwidth : 0.25um *Li, Y., Zheng, J., Tuthill, P., et al. Optimising the K dark filter for the Kunlun Infrared Sky Survey. 2016, PASA, 33, e008 10
11 AST3-NIR Camera Exposure Time Calculator 11
12 Special Design Considerations Environmental protection The telescope tube shall be sealed.. Air within the telescope enclosure shall be left to track external ambient temperature. Heaters shall be provided. ITO coated front window is needed to defrost. Be operated fully remotely Careful engineering Modular design Hardware redundancies throughout system Data pipeline must include on-site reduction Data security and storage The instrument dewar vacuum >12months Auto-monitoring 12
13 Where Are We Now? IR detector purchasing difficulty Commissioning: 2019?? 13
14 The Next: KDUST Instrumentation Parameter Value Aperture 2.5m FOV 1.5 Bands Resolution Tower Power Mode Optical: 0.4µm ~1µm Infrared: 1µm ~2.5µm <0.2 in optical 15m, above the turbulence layer 15kW, Peak 20kW Unattended and remote control Australian consortium AAO, UNSW, ANU, the design and construction of the KDUST optical camera. Building an infrared instrument for KDUST. 14
15 Thank you! 15
Jeremy Mould (Swinburne) Michael Burton (UNSW) Kilauea August 2015 ) + +
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