PTYS 214 Spring Announcements. Midterm #4 in one week!
|
|
- Charles Barker
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PTYS 214 Spring 2018 Announcements Midterm #4 in one week! 1
2 Previously Mass extinctions K/Pg extinction Impact theory -- evidence? Other possible causes Other extinctions 2
3 Where did the K/Pg impactor come from? Asteroids: small bodies that are made of rock - Located in the Asteroid Belt (between Mars and Jupiter) Comets: small bodies made of rock and ice ( dirty snowball ) - Located in the Oort Cloud and in the Kuiper Belt Jupiter Outer SS Inner SS Pluto 3
4 Comets Among the oldest bodies in the solar system Origin: Kuiper Belt or Oort Cloud (outskirts of the Solar System) Contain organic material Very porous objects rich in ices We do not know a lot about them Comet Wild 2 First samples: 2006 Stardust Mission! Comet dust resembles asteroid material What kinds of orbits would Earth-approaching comets have? 4
5 Kepler's Laws 1. Planetary orbits are ellipses with Sun at one focus ellipticity is described by eccentricity e (0--1) 2. Equal areas swept out in equal times: i.e., planets move fastest near periapse and slowest near apoapse 3. Square of orbital period P proportional to cube of semimajor axis a: i.e., larger orbits have longer periods apoapse periapse 5
6 Rosetta (ESA) Launched 2004 Target: 67p/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (CG) 4.1 X 4.5 km Landing: 11/12/2014 Comet Wild 2 6
7 67p/Churyumov-Gerasimenko 7
8 A natural experiment: Impact of Comet SL9 HST, May 1994 Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 was torn into pieces as a result of a close approach to Jupiter in July 1992 Discovered in 1993, it collided with Jupiter at a speed of 60 km/s (135,000 mi/hr!) during the third week of July 1994 Plumes thousands of km high! Dark scars lasted for months HST, July 27,
9 Known asteroids Jupiter s orbit Ecliptic Trojans Near Earth Objects (NEOs) Main Belt Trojans 9 What kinds of orbits would Earth-approaching asteroids have? Mars orbit
10 A/2017 U1 (Oumuamua) -- An interstellar object Object discovered 10/19/2017 after perihelion, perigee Passed within 0.25 AU of Sun; 0.16 AU of Earth ~ 230 x 35 m; eccentricity ~ 1.15 ==> unbound! comet or asteroid? 10
11 Near Earth Objects (NEOs) Asteroids in the neighborhood of the Earth, called Near Earth Objects (or NEOs) NEOs rarely get close to Earth enough to be considered a major hazard... 11
12 But the possibility exists! Peekskill Meteor, 9 Oct seconds! 12
13 NEOs are potentially hazardous 1980 Chevy Malibu Peekskill Meteorite 13
14 Some definitions Asteroid Rock in space, orbits the sun, not a planet Meteoroid Very small asteroid Meteor Fireball seen during meteoroid entry Meteorite Former meteoroid found on the ground 14
15 June 30, 1908 The Tunguska Event Early morning: A big fireball appeared over Siberia (Russia) It exploded in the atmosphere over the Tunguska region with an estimated force of 1,000 Hiroshima bombs - The atmospheric shock wave knocked people off their feet and broke windows up to 650 km (400 miles) away - For few weeks, night skies were so bright that one could read in their light (in London!) 15
16 Tunguska: No crater! 1927: The first expedition to the site found a region of scorched trees about 50 km across and no crater! - Most trees had been knocked down pointing away from the center ( ground zero ) 16
17 What happened? It was the airburst of an object 6 to 10 kilometers above the Earth's surface Size estimates range from 60 to 200 m across Near ground zero, trees were knocked down by the shock wave produced by a large explosion, similar to the effects observed in atmospheric nuclear tests in the 1950s and 1960s 17
18 February 15, 2013: Chelyabinsk Early morning: Another fireball over Russia. As with Tunguska, it exploded in the atmosphere. Smaller than Tunguska: ~ Hiroshima bombs. - The shock wave injured ~1500 people - Largest object known to have struck Earth since Tunguska. - Captured by numerous cameras. 18
19 Chelyabinsk crater 6-m-wide hole in the ice covering lake Chebarkul. - Created by 700-kg fragment 19
20 What happened? Like Tunguska, it was the airburst of a meteor in the atmosphere. Diameter: 20 m; Altitude: ~24 km Near ground zero, several loud explosions were heard and windows were shattered in thousands of buildings. Some structural damage was reported as well. 20
21 Impact Hazards Bolides (energy <5 MT; D< 30 m ) no crater Great fireworks display ( shooting stars ), no damage Average interval for whole Earth: ~100 years? Small Impact (<15Mt; D< 50 m) crater ~1 km Damage similar to large nuclear bomb (city-destroyer) Average interval for whole Earth: >1,000 years Local catastrophe (<10,000 MT; D<250 m) crater ~10km Destroys area equivalent to small country Average interval for whole Earth: >100,000 years Global catastrophe (>106 MT; D>1 km) crater >50 km Global environmental damage, threatening civilization Average interval for whole Earth: >1 million years 1 MT= 1 Mton TNT equivalent= J 21
22 Terrestrial Impact Frequency Chelyabnsk Tunguska century 10,000 years Hiroshima Frequency year Meteor Crater million yr Global catastrophe (for human civilization) End-Cretaceous billion yr ,000 million 100 million TNT equivalent yield (MT) 1 MT= 1 Mton TNT equivalent= J 22
23 Statistical Independence Random events are not affected by history! 23
24 Statistical Independence Random events are not affected by history! Probability of rolling a six:?? 24
25 Statistical Independence Random events are not affected by history! Probability of rolling a six: 1/6 25
26 Statistical Independence Random events are not affected by history! Probability of rolling a six: 1/6 Probability of rolling two sixes in a row:?? 26
27 Statistical Independence Random events are not affected by history! Probability of rolling a six: 1/6 Probability of rolling two sixes in a row: 1/6 x 1/6 = 1/36 27
28 Statistical Independence Random events are not affected by history! Probability of rolling a six: 1/6 Probability of rolling two sixes in a row: 1/6 x 1/6 = 1/36 Probability of rolling a six after rolling a six:?? 28
29 Statistical Independence Random events are not affected by history! Probability of rolling a six: 1/6 Probability of rolling two sixes in a row: 1/6 x 1/6 = 1/36 Probability of rolling a six after rolling a six: 1/6!! 29
30 Statistical Independence Random events are not affected by history! Probability of rolling a six: 1/6 Probability of rolling two sixes in a row: 1/6 x 1/6 = 1/36 Probability of rolling a six after rolling a six: 1/6!! Probability of rolling a six after rolling 99 sixes:?? 30
31 Statistical Independence Random events are not affected by history! Probability of rolling a six: 1/6 Probability of rolling two sixes in a row: 1/6 x 1/6 = 1/36 Probability of rolling a six after rolling a six: 1/6!! Probability of rolling a six after rolling 99 sixes: 1/6!! 31
32 Statistical Independence Random events are not affected by history! Probability of rolling a six: 1/6 Probability of rolling two sixes in a row: 1/6 x 1/6 = 1/36 Probability of rolling a six after rolling a six: 1/6!! Probability of rolling a six after rolling 99 sixes: 1/6!! Probability of rolling 100 sixes:??!! 32
33 Statistical Independence Random events are not affected by history! Probability of rolling a six: 1/6 Probability of rolling two sixes in a row: 1/6 x 1/6 = 1/36 Probability of rolling a six after rolling a six: 1/6!! Probability of rolling a six after rolling 99 sixes: 1/6!! Probability of rolling 100 sixes: (1/6)100 ~ 10-78!! 33
34 Are impacts truly a random process? Known Earth-crossing asteroids as of 2013 i.e., can they be predicted? 34
35 Spaceguard Program In the United States it is funded by NASA Goal: Find 90% of NEAs with D > 1 km by the end of 2008 As of 2013: D>1 km 864 discovered (>90%) 35
36 Activity: Death Risks Rank the following causes of death in terms of risk from lowest to highest: A) Asteroid? B) Lightning? C) Terrorist attack? D) War? E) Shark attack? F) Car accident? G) Earthquake? H) Selfie? 36
37 Activity: Death Risks Answers*: E) Shark attack H) Selfie D) War A) Asteroid G) Earthquake C) Terrorist attack B) Lightning F) Car accident 1:8,000,000 1:5,000,000 ** 1:250,000 1:200,000 1:132,000 1:90,000 1:74,000 1:84 *CDC statistics, probably subject to large uncertainties **Anecdotal 37
38 Comparison with Other Risks Statistical risk of death from impacts: about 1:200,000 Much less than auto accidents (in U.S.) Comparable with other natural hazards (earthquakes, floods) It is a different kind of risk! Average interval between major impact disasters is larger than for any other hazard we face (millions years) A single event can kill millions of people (and other living things)! Unique as major threat to civilization (comparable to a global nuclear war) 38
39 Impact cratering is normally regarded as a destructive process, dangerous for life but is it always that way? 39
40 Impacts eject material at high speed Could an impact eject material into space? Could it eject rocks containing LIFE into space? 40
41 Near-surface rocks can be ejected at high speed without serious damage (low shock) Could microbes contained in ejected rocks be ejected alive? YES! Nicholson et al. (2009) Bacterial spores survive hypervelocity launch by spallation: Implicatons for lithopanspermia, 27th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 41
42 Microbes could be transferred from one planet to another, but they must survive a host of hazards! 1. Launch 2. Space exposure 3. Landing 42
43 Material ejected from planets in large impacts wanders around the solar system, rather than traveling directly from planet to planet Reaching another planet may take tens of millions of years! Can life survive this long without nourishment? 43
44 Spore-forming bacteria are tough Spore-forming bacteria Bacillus Subtilis survived a 6-year space flight, experiencing vacuum, cold, lack of water and radiation Dormant microbes may survive for tens of millions of years (can contamination really be ruled out?) Science 268 (1995)
45 Some micro-organisms can tolerate a lot of cosmic radiation, but not much UV, so they have to hide in rocks Others can withstand almost anything: Deinococcus Radiodurans Listed in The Guinness Book of World Records as the world s toughest bacterium 45
46 Surviving reentry and landing is difficult yet meteorites contain fragile organic molecules like amino acids! So, It is highly probable that viable microbes could be carried from Earth to Mars or vice versa 46
47 Homework Homework #17 available shortly on the web site 47
Two significant figures are enough! You can round your calculations to 2 significant figures. Hopefully this will prevent some of the sloppy
Homework Issues Two significant figures are enough! You can round your calculations to 2 significant figures. Hopefully this will prevent some of the sloppy mistakes. The speed of light is 299,792,458
More informationSolar System Junk however, a large number of bodies were left over as Junk or the debris of planet building
Solar System Junk So far, we ve taken a brief look at the 8 planets of the solar system, their array of moons or natural satellites, and how we think such a system formed. Most of the material in the solar
More informationAside from my last lecture: my solar cooker!
Aside from my last lecture: my solar cooker! Don t forget to turn in homework. Bring star wheel on Wed! Remember, no class next Monday, Nov 11, Veteran s day Wed Nov 13: second Kitt Peak trip: many more
More informationChapter 9 Remnants of Rock and Ice. Asteroids, Comets, and Pluto
Chapter 9 Remnants of Rock and Ice Asteroids, Comets, and Pluto 9.1 Asteroids and Meteorites Our Goals for Learning Why is there an asteroid belt? How are meteorites related to asteroids? Asteroid Facts
More informationThe Good Earth: Introduction to Earth Science 3rd Edition Test Bank Chapter 03 - Near-Earth Objects
Test Bank The Good Earth: Introduction to Earth Science 3rd Edition McConnell Steer Completed download: https://testbankreal.com/download/good-earth-introduction-earth-science- 3rd-edition-test-bank-mcconnell-steer/
More informationSolar System Debris. Asteroids 11/28/2010. Large rocky debris orbiting the Sun. Ceres, the largest asteroid. Discovering Asteroids
Solar System Debris Material leftover from the formation of the Solar System Gives important clues about its origin Composition: Asteroids and Meteoroids: rock and iron Comets: ice and dust The basic building
More informationChapter 12 Remnants of Rock and Ice. Asteroid Facts. NEAR Spacecraft: Asteroid Eros
Chapter 12 Remnants of Rock and Ice Asteroids, Comets, and the Kuiper Belt Asteroid Facts Asteroids are rocky leftovers of planet formation Largest is Ceres, diameter ~1,000 km (most smaller) 150,000 in
More informationThe Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Asteroids, Comets, and Dwarf Planets: Their Natures, Orbits, and Impacts. Chapter 12 Review Clickers
Review Clickers The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Asteroids, Comets, and Dwarf Planets: Their Natures, Orbits, and Impacts Asteroids a) are rocky and small typically the size of a grain of rice or
More informationWhat are they? Where do they come from?
Comets What are they? Where do they come from? Lesson Objectives To distinguish between the orbits of planets and those of comets. To describe the likely origins of short-period and long-period comets.
More informationThe Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Asteroids, Comets, and Dwarf Planets: Their Nature, Orbits, and Impacts. Chapter 12 Lecture
Chapter 12 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Asteroids, Comets, and Dwarf Planets: Their Nature, Orbits, and Impacts Asteroids, Comets, and Dwarf Planets: Their Nature, Orbits, and Impacts
More informationThe solar system pt 2 MR. BANKS 8 TH GRADE SCIENCE
The solar system pt 2 MR. BANKS 8 TH GRADE SCIENCE Dwarf planets Following the discovery of multiple objects similar to Pluto (and one that was even bigger than Pluto) a new classification for planets
More informationSmaller Bodies of the Solar System Chapter 2 continued
Smaller Bodies of the Solar System Chapter 2 continued Small, rocky (sometimes metallic) bodies with no atmospheres. or planetoids 100,000 numbered and 12,000 named 1-1000 km in size most are small ~ 1
More informationVagabonds of the Solar System
Vagabonds of the Solar System Guiding Questions 1. How and why were the asteroids first discovered? 2. Why didn t the asteroids coalesce to form a single planet? 3. What do asteroids look like? 4. How
More information12/3/14. Guiding Questions. Vagabonds of the Solar System. A search for a planet between Mars and Jupiter led to the discovery of asteroids
Guiding Questions Vagabonds of the Solar System 1. How and why were the asteroids first discovered? 2. Why didn t the asteroids coalesce to form a single planet? 3. What do asteroids look like? 4. How
More informationThe impact flux (hazard?) on Earth
The impact flux (hazard?) on Earth The young Earth and Moon suffered the same heavy bombardment early in the Solar System Only the Moon preserves the record of this The lunar record indicates roughly constant
More informationSpace Notes 2. Covers Objectives 3, 4, and 8
Space Notes 2 Covers Objectives 3, 4, and 8 Sun Average Size Star Sun 101 Sun s Mass almost 100 times the mass of all the planets combined. Most of the mass is hydrogen gas Thermonuclear Reaction Thermonuclear
More informationThe End of the World...
The End of the World... as we know it. Impacts in the Inner Solar System Collisions have played a key role in the past formation of planets by accretion fragmentation (formation of the Moon) sustained
More informationGalaxies: enormous collections of gases, dust and stars held together by gravity Our galaxy is called the milky way
Celestial bodies are all of the natural objects in space ex. stars moons, planets, comets etc. Star: celestial body of hot gas that gives off light and heat the closest star to earth is the sun Planet:
More informationYour web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore
Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore METEO RO ID For the complete encyclopedic entry with media resources,
More informationBig Impacts and Bio-Extinctions ASTR 2120 Sarazin
Big Impacts and Bio-Extinctions ASTR 2120 Sarazin Final Exam Saturday, May 5, 9:00 am - noon ASTR 265 (classroom) Bring pencils, paper, calculator You may not consult the text, your notes, or any other
More information2010 Pearson Education, Inc. MAVEN launch yesterday
MAVEN launch yesterday Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) How is Mars losing its atmosphere now? How did Mars lose its atmosphere in the past? 1. Determine the role that loss of volatiles to
More information12.3 Pluto: Lone Dog No More
12.3 Pluto: Lone Dog No More Our goals for learning: How big can a comet be? What are the large objects of the Kuiper belt like? Are Pluto and Eris planets? How big can a comet be? Pluto s Orbit Pluto
More informationChapter 12. ASTRONOMY 202 Spring 2007: Solar System Exploration. Class 34: Asteroids and Comets [4/13/07] Announcements. Near-Earth Objects
ASTRONOMY 202 Spring 2007: Solar System Exploration Instructor: Dr. David Alexander Web-site: www.ruf.rice.edu/~dalex/astr202_s07 Class 34: Asteroids and Comets [4/13/07] Announcements Near-Earth Objects
More informationAsteroids: Introduction
Asteroids: Introduction Name Read through the information below. Then complete the Fill-Ins at the bottom of page. Asteroids are rocky objects that orbit the Sun in our solar system. Also known as minor
More informationA s t e r o i d s, C o m e t s & N E O s ( B a c k g r o u n d I n f o r m a t i o n )
A s t e r o i d s, C o m e t s & N E O s ( B a c k g r o u n d I n f o r m a t i o n ) Author: Sarah Roberts Asteroids Asteroids, Comets and NEOs - Background Information Asteroids are rocky objects which
More information10/3/18 east side of Revelle Plaza https://igppweb.ucsd.edu/~gabi/sio15 scroll down to table handwritten or printed submission before class 10/8 outside lecture hall no late/online submission 1 https://igppweb.ucsd.edu/~gabi/sio15
More informationPluto s orbit is tilted and significantly elliptical. Neptune orbits three times during the time Pluto orbits twice resonance prevents a collision.
Chapter 9 Part 2 Dwarf Planets and Impacts Pluto s Orbit Pluto s orbit is tilted and significantly elliptical. Neptune orbits three times during the time Pluto orbits twice resonance prevents a collision.
More informationComets. Ancient Ideas about comets. Draft Dec 11, Edmund Halley ( ) Great Comet of 1680
Comets Ancient Ideas about comets kometes = `the hairy one (hairy star) 550 BC Pythagoreans thought they were wandering planets. Draft Dec 11, 2006 Aristotle (350 BC) thought that, like meteors, they were
More informationYour web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore meteor
Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore meteor shooting star, falling star For the complete encyclopedic
More informationImpacts from Above. Mass Extinctions: Death and Destruction
Impacts from Above 50,000 yr old Meteor Crater, AZ Watching the skies for potential catastrophes Mass Extinctions: Death and Destruction Five Big Mass Extinctions When (End of ) ~440 Myrs Ordovician ~360
More informationSPACE NOTES 2. Covers Objectives 3, 4, and 8
SPACE NOTES 2 Covers Objectives 3, 4, and 8 THE SUN Average Size Star Sun 101 SUN S MASS o almost 100 times the mass of all the planets combined. o Most of the mass is hydrogen gas THERMONUCLEAR REACTION
More informationUnit 12 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
Unit 12 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System? The Solar System Earth, other planets, and the moon are part of a solar system. A solar system is made up of a star and the planets and other
More informationComets, Asteroids, and Meteors. By: Annette Miles
Comets, Asteroids, and Meteors By: Annette Miles What is a comet? A comet is a small body which scientists sometimes call a planetesimal. They are made out of dust, ice rock, gas, and. They are kind of
More informationTEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION
TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION (The Universe) A. THE UNIVERSE: The universe encompasses all matter in existence. According to the Big Bang Theory, the universe was formed 10-20 billion years ago from a
More information1 of 5 2/15/2013 3:45 PM
1 of 5 2/15/2013 3:45 PM + View the NASA Portal Frequently Asked Questions What Is A Near-Earth Object (NEO)? What Is The Purpose Of The Near-Earth Object Program? How Many Near-Earth Objects Have Been
More informationAt this point of its orbit, any solar satellite such as a comet or a planet is farthest away from the sun. What is the aphelion?
At this point of its orbit, any solar satellite such as a comet or a planet is farthest away from the sun. What is the aphelion? These small, rocky worlds orbit the sun generally between the orbits of
More informationGET-WISE Presentation on Collisions in the Solar System Dr. Jeffrey Morgenthaler
When Worlds Collide GET-WISE Presentation on Collisions in the Solar System Dr. Jeffrey Morgenthaler Copyright, 1996 Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc. Introduction This talk is about impacts between objects
More informationCHAPTER 11. We continue to Learn a lot about the Solar System by using Space Exploration
CHAPTER 11 We continue to Learn a lot about the Solar System by using Space Exploration Section 11.1 The Sun page 390 -Average sized star -Millions of km away -300,000 more massive then Earth, 99% of all
More informationVagabonds of the Solar System. Chapter 15
Vagabonds of the Solar System Chapter 15 ASTR 111 003 Fall 2007 Lecture 13 Nov. 26, 2007 Introduction To Modern Astronomy I: Solar System Introducing Astronomy (chap. 1-6) Planets and Moons (chap. 7-15)
More informationASTEROIDS: NOW FOR THE GOOD NEWS
ASTEROIDS: NOW FOR THE GOOD NEWS Michael Paine Planetary Society Australian Volunteers Talk given at Australian Centre for Astrobiology, Sept 2003 Introduction The danger to life on Earth from asteroids
More informationAST 248. Is Pluto a Planet?
AST 248 Is Pluto a Planet? And what is a planet, anyways? N = N * f s f p n h f l f i f c L/T What is a Star? A star supports stable Hydrogen fusion Upper mass limit: about 120 M above that radiation pressure
More informationASTRONOMY CURRICULUM Unit 1: Introduction to Astronomy
Chariho Regional School District - Science Curriculum September, 2016 ASTRONOMY CURRICULUM Unit 1: Introduction to Astronomy OVERVIEW Summary Students will be introduced to the overarching concept of astronomy.
More informationOutline. Pluto s Surface. Last Homework before Exam (HW#4) is due Friday at 11:50am. Nighttime observing has 4 more nights. Check the webpage.
Last Homework before Exam (HW#4) is due Friday at 11:50am. Nighttime observing has 4 more nights. Check the webpage. 1 st exam is October 10 th 1 week away! Justin will have an extra office hour Thursday
More informationToday. Events. asteroids, meteorites, comets. Homework 5 Due. things that go bump. Thanksgiving next week. Exam III - Dec. 7
Today asteroids, meteorites, comets things that go bump Events Homework 5 Due Thanksgiving next week Exam III - Dec. 7 Lots of small asteroids number A few big asteroids apparent brightness Asteroids are
More informationChapter 23: Touring Our Solar System
Chapter 23: Touring Our Solar System The Sun The is the center of our solar system. The Sun makes up of all the mass of our solar system. The Sun s force holds the planets in their orbits around the Sun.
More informationContents of the Solar System
The Solar System Contents of the Solar System Sun Planets 9 known (now: 8) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars ( Terrestrials ) Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune ( Jovians ) Pluto (a Kuiper Belt object?) Natural
More informationChapter 4 The Solar System
Chapter 4 The Solar System Comet Tempel Chapter overview Solar system inhabitants Solar system formation Extrasolar planets Solar system inhabitants Sun Planets Moons Asteroids Comets Meteoroids Kuiper
More informationHomework #3 is due Friday at 11:50am! Nighttime observing has 10 more nights. Check the webpage. 1 st exam is October 10 th 2 weeks from Friday.
Homework #3 is due Friday at 11:50am! Nighttime observing has 10 more nights. Check the webpage. 1 st exam is October 10 th 2 weeks from Friday. Outline Back to Atoms for fun The Earth as a Planet. magnetic
More informationOutline. Atoms in the Solar System. Atoms in the Earth. Back to Atoms for fun The Earth as a Planet. Homework #3 is due Friday at 11:50am!
Homework #3 is due Friday at 11:50am! Nighttime observing has more nights. Check the webpage. 1 st exam is October th 2 weeks from Friday. Outline Back to Atoms for fun The Earth as a Planet. magnetic
More informationSmall Bodies in our Solar System. Comets, Asteroids & Meteoroids
Small Bodies in our Solar System Comets, Asteroids & Meteoroids * A Small Body is any object in the solar system that is smaller than a planet or moon, such as a comet, an asteroid, or a meteoroid. Compiled
More informationComparative Planetology I: Our Solar System. Chapter Seven
Comparative Planetology I: Our Solar System Chapter Seven ASTR 111 003 Fall 2006 Lecture 07 Oct. 16, 2006 Introduction To Modern Astronomy I Introducing Astronomy (chap. 1-6) Planets and Moons (chap. 7-17)
More information9.2 - Our Solar System
9.2 - Our Solar System Scientists describe our solar system as the Sun and all the planets and other celestial objects, such as moons, comets, and asteroids, that are held by the Sun s gravity and orbit
More informationAsteroid/Comet/Meteor Reading Homework Instructions: Read pages and answer the following questions.
Name Date Block: Due Date: Asteroid/Comet/Meteor Reading Homework Instructions: Read pages 333-358 and answer the following questions. Page 333 1. What are 4 examples of minor bodies in our solar system?
More informationAsteroids, Comets and NEOs. (Answers) Solar System Impacts. Author: Sarah Roberts
Asteroids, Comets and NEOs (Answers) Author: Sarah Roberts Asteroids, Comets and NEOs - Impact craters on the Earth 1. Using the data given below for real impact craters on the Earth, investigate the effect
More informationThis asteroid was visited by the NEAR Shoemaker probe, which orbited it, taking extensive photographs of its
Chapter 9 Part 1 Asteroids and Comets Why is there an asteroid belt? This asteroid was visited by the NEAR Shoemaker probe, which orbited it, taking extensive photographs of its surface, and, on February
More informationRings, asteroids, meteorites. Homework 5 Due. Thanksgiving next week. Final Dec. 20
Today Rings, asteroids, meteorites Events Homework 5 Due Thanksgiving next week Final Dec. 20 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Saturn s rings Note refraction in atmosphere
More informationAST 105. Overview of the Solar System
AST 105 Overview of the Solar System Scale of the Solar System Earth Voyager 1, 1991, distance = 4 billion miles Recap: The Solar System in Scale If the Solar System were the size of a football
More informationThe Little Things. Today. Rings, meteorites. Asteroids & Comets. Dwarf Planets Events. Homework 5. Due
Today The Little Things Rings, meteorites Asteroids & Comets Dwarf Planets Events Homework 5 Due geysers on Triton Rocky Planets versus Icy Moons Rock melts at higher temperatures. Only large rocky planets
More informationUnit 3 Lesson 6 Small Bodies in the Solar System. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Florida Benchmarks SC.8.N.1.1 Define a problem from the eighth grade curriculum using appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigations of
More informationARMAGEDDON DEEP IMPACT
ARMAGEDDON Astro 202 Spring 2008 COMETS and ASTEROIDS Small bodies in the solar system Impacts on Earth and other planets The NEO threat to Earth Lecture 1 Don Campbell DEEP IMPACT Last Days On Earth Part
More informationChapter 19: Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets
Chapter 19: Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets Comet Superstition Throughout history, comets have been considered as portants of doom, even until very recently: Appearances of comet Kohoutek (1973), Halley
More informationCh. 6: Smaller Bodies in the Solar System
Ch. 6: Smaller Bodies in the Solar System FIGURE 9-1 (Discovering the Universe) Different Classifications of Solar System Objects Some of the definitions of the different types of objects in the solar
More informationAstronomy Wed. Oct. 6
Astronomy 301 - Wed. Oct. 6 Guest lectures, Monday and today: Prof. Harriet Dinerstein Monday: The outer planets & their moons Today: asteroids, comets, & the Kuiper Belt; formation of the Solar System
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Chapter 4 - Group Homework Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Density is defined as A) mass times weight. B) mass per unit volume.
More informationImpact! Impact! Asteroids. The Main Points. Comets. Earth has been hit by large asteroids and comets in the past, with devastating consequences.
Impact! Assessing the Cosmic Threat from Asteroids & Comets Astro 102/104 Prof. Jim Bell Cornell University Impact! Outline Asteroids and Comets - What are they? - How many are out there? Have they / will
More informationLecture 16 Dwarf Planets and Comets January 8a, 2014
1 Lecture 16 Dwarf Planets and Comets January 8a, 2014 2 Pluto -- Basic Information Discovered by Clyde Tombaugh in 1930 Period: P orb = 248 years Distance: a = 39.5 AU 3 moons (Charon, Nix, Hydra) Demoted
More informationFormation of the Solar System
Formation of the Solar System What theory best explains the features of our solar system? The nebular theory states that our solar system formed from the gravitational collapse of a giant interstellar
More informationThe Universe in my pocket. The Solar System. Gloria Delgado Inglada. 4 No. 4. Instituto de Astronomía, UNAM, Mexico
The Universe in my pocket The Solar System 4 No. 4 Gloria Delgado Inglada Instituto de Astronomía, UNAM, Mexico 2 The Solar System is composed of the Sun and of all the bodies travelling around it: planets,
More informationChapter 3 Checkpoint 3.1 Checkpoint 3.2 Venn Diagram: Planets versus Asteroids Checkpoint 3.3 Asteroid Crashes the Moon?
Chapter 3 Checkpoint 3.1 Which characteristics are true of both planets and asteroids? a) They are approximately spherical in shape. b) There are thousands of examples. c) They formed 1 to 2 billion years
More informationComparative Planetology I: Our Solar System. Chapter Seven
Comparative Planetology I: Our Solar System Chapter Seven ASTR 111 003 Fall 2006 Lecture 07 Oct. 16, 2006 Introduction To Modern Astronomy I Introducing Astronomy (chap. 1-6) Planets and Moons (chap. 7-17)
More informationThe Solar Nebula Theory. This lecture will help you understand: Conceptual Integrated Science. Chapter 28 THE SOLAR SYSTEM
This lecture will help you understand: Hewitt/Lyons/Suchocki/Yeh Conceptual Integrated Science Chapter 28 THE SOLAR SYSTEM Overview of the Solar System The Nebular Theory The Sun Asteroids, Comets, and
More informationAstronomy 150: Killer Skies Lecture 13, February 15
Assignments: Astronomy 150: Killer Skies Lecture 13, February 15 Hour Exam 1 next time, Feb 17, in class more later today Planetarium: report due Feb 24 extra show added tomorrow, Thursday Feb 16 or can
More informationThe Solar System. Sun. Rotates and revolves around the Milky Way galaxy at such a slow pace that we do not notice any effects.
The Solar System Sun Center of the solar system About 150,000,000 km from the Earth An averaged sized, yellow star Spherical in shape due to gravity Made of about ¾ hydrogen and ¼ helium, both of which
More information1 Solar System Debris and Formation
1 Solar System Debris and Formation Chapters 14 and 15 of your textbook Exercises: Do all Review and Discussion and all Conceptual Self-Test 1.1 Solar System Debris Asteroids small rocky bodies Most under
More informationSolar System. Sun, 8 planets, hundred moons, thousand.dwarf.planets million asteroids, billion comets etc.
Solar System Sun, 8 planets, hundred moons, thousand.dwarf.planets million asteroids, billion comets etc. Comparative Planetology Compares planets and other solar system bodies to help understand how they
More informationAstr 1050 Wed., March. 22, 2017
Astr 1050 Wed., March. 22, 2017 Today: Chapter 12, Pluto and Debris March 24: Exam #2, Ch. 5-12 (9:00-9:50) March 27: Mastering Astronomy HW Chapter 11 & 12 1 Chapter 12: Meteorites, Asteroids, Comets
More information1star 1 star 9 8 planets 63 (major) moons asteroids, comets, meteoroids
The Solar System 1star 1 star 9 8 planets 63 (major) moons asteroids, comets, meteoroids The distances to planets are known from Kepler s Laws (once calibrated with radar ranging to Venus) How are planet
More informationThe Sun. - this is the visible surface of the Sun. The gases here are very still hot, but much cooler than inside about 6,000 C.
Name: The Sun The Sun is an average sized. Earth, Mars, Jupiter and Uranus are. A star is the only object in space that makes its own. This includes and. The sun is about million miles from Earth. This
More informationEarth in the Universe Unit Notes
Earth in the Universe Unit Notes The Universe - everything everywhere, 15-20 billion years old Inside the universe there are billions of Galaxies Inside each Galaxy there are billions of Solar Systems
More informationUnit 1: The Earth in the Universe
Unit 1: The Earth in the Universe 1. The Universe 1.1. First ideas about the Universe 1.2. Components and origin 1.3. Sizes and distances 2. The Solar System 3. The planet Earth 3.1. Movements of the Earth
More informationThe Origin of Near Earth Asteroids
The Origin of Near Earth Asteroids Judit Györgyey Ries Priors, Quaternions and Residuals, Oh My! September 24, 2004 Austin, Texas Outline Why are we interested in Near Earth Asteroids? How does an asteroid
More informationChapter Outline. Earth and Other Planets. The Formation of the Solar System. Clue #1: Planetary Orbits. Clues to the Origin of the Solar System
Chapter Outline Earth and Other Planets The Formation of the Solar System Exploring the Solar System Chapter 16 Great Idea: Earth, one of the planets that orbit the Sun, formed 4.5 billion years ago from
More informationChapter 25. Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets
Chapter 25 Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets Guidepost In Chapter 19 you began your study of planetary astronomy by considering evidence about how our solar system formed. In the five chapters that followed
More informationToday. The Little Things. Comets. Dwarf Planets. Last Exam in last class, Thursday Dec. 7. Homework also due then.
Today The Little Things Comets Dwarf Planets Last Exam in last class, Thursday Dec. 7. Homework also due then. 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Comets Fig 9.5 FROST LINE
More informationAsteroids, Comets and Meteorites. What is an Asteroid? Asteroids discovered. Asteroid facts. Example Asteroids
Asteroids, Comets and Meteorites Perseid meteor shower courtesy NASA Eros: courtesy NASA What is an Asteroid? View from 50 km ~1.5 1.5 km Comet McNaught in 2007 by Aberdeen Astronomical Society member
More informationThe Formation of the Solar System
The Formation of the Solar System Basic Facts to be explained : 1. Each planet is relatively isolated in space. 2. Orbits nearly circular. 3. All roughly orbit in the same plane. 4. Planets are all orbiting
More informationOrigin of the Solar System
Origin of the Solar System and Solar System Debris 1 Debris comets meteoroids asteroids gas dust 2 Asteroids irregular, rocky hunks small in mass and size Ceres - largest, 1000 km in diameter (1/3 Moon)
More informationAsteroids, Comets and Meteorites
Asteroids, Comets and Meteorites Perseid meteor shower courtesy NASA Eros: courtesy NASA Comet McNaught in 2007 by Aberdeen Astronomical Society member Phil Hart, in Melbourne What is an Asteroid? View
More informationLight and Telescopes
Light and Telescopes Astronomy 1 Elementary Astronomy LA Mission College Spring F2015 Quotes & Cartoon of the Day We find them smaller and fainter, in constantly increasing numbers, and we know that we
More informationOUR SOLAR SYSTEM. James Martin. Facebook.com/groups/AstroLSSC Twitter.com/AstroLSSC
OUR SOLAR SYSTEM James Martin Facebook.com/groups/AstroLSSC Twitter.com/AstroLSSC It s time for the human race to enter the solar system. -Dan Quayle Structure of the Solar System Our Solar System contains
More informationHNRS 227 Fall 2006 Chapter 13. What is Pluto? What is a Planet? There are two broad categories of planets: Terrestrial and Jovian
Key Points of Chapter 13 HNRS 227 Fall 2006 Chapter 13 The Solar System presented by Prof. Geller 24 October 2006 Planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Dwarf Planets Pluto,
More informationIntroduction to Astronomy
Introduction to Astronomy Have you ever wondered what is out there in space besides Earth? As you see the stars and moon, many questions come up with the universe, possibility of living on another planet
More informationLecture 39. Asteroids/ Minor Planets In "Gap" between Mars and Jupiter: 20,000 observed small objects, 6000 with known orbits:
Lecture 39 Interplanetary Matter Asteroids Meteorites Comets Oort Cloud Apr 28, 2006 Astro 100 Lecture 39 1 Asteroids/ Minor Planets In "Gap" between Mars and Jupiter: 20,000 observed small objects, 6000
More informationCVtpf 2-1. Section 1 Review. 3. Describe How did the process of outgassing help shape Earth's atmosphere?
----------------------------- ---------- ------ Section 1 Review CVtpf 2-1 -- SECTION VOCABULARY planet a celestial body that orbits the sun, is round because of its own gravity, and has cleared the neighborhood
More informationWhat s in our solar system?
What s in our solar system? *Sun *Planets Terrestrial Jovian Dwarf Smaller objects *Meteoroids *Comets Dust http://www.techastronomy.com/userfiles/2007/7/22/solar_system4(1).jpg *Sun a. Most of mass (>99%)
More informationThe trajectory, structure and origin of the Chelyabinsk asteroidal impactor
The trajectory, structure and origin of the Chelyabinsk asteroidal impactor Jiří Borovička Astronomical Institute, Academy of Sciences, Ondřejov, Czech Republic with the help of O. Popova(Moscow) and P.
More informationDeath From the Skies
Death From the Skies Learning Objectives! Use the Titius-Bode Rule to list the planet s distances. What connects the Titius-Bode Rule to the asteroids?! How big is Ceres? How big are typical asteroids?
More informationASTRONOMY SNAP GAME. with interesting facts
ASTRONOMY SNAP GAME with interesting facts Sun Sun The Sun is the largest object in the solar system The Sun's life expectancy is approximately 5 billion more years At its core, the Sun s temperature is
More informationWhich of the following planets are all made up of gas? When a planets orbit around the Sun looks like an oval, it s called a(n)
When a planets orbit around the Sun looks like an oval, it s called a(n) - ellipse - circle - axis - rotation Which of the following planets are all made up of gas? - Venus, Mars, Saturn and Pluto - Jupiter,
More informationAsteroids Physical Properties. Solar System Debris. Missions to Asteroids. Types of Asteroids (based on composition)
Solar System Debris Asteroids Physical Properties Spacecraft Missions Origin Orbits Risk to Earth Tens to hundreds of km in diameter Comets History Structure Orbits Origin Missions Meteoroids & Meteor
More information