Astronomy: The Evolving Universe (9/e) Concept Clusters 1. Cosmic Distances Angles/angular diameters/positions Angular speeds/relative motions
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1 Astronomy: The Evolving Universe (9/e) Angles/angular diameters/positions Angular speeds/relative motions Astronomical Unit/Kepler's laws Heliocentric parallax/triangulation Inverse-square law for light/flux Luminosity classes from H-R diagram/spectroscopic distances Doppler shifts of interstellar clouds/rotation curve of the Galaxy Period-luminosity relation for cepheids Structure of the Milky Way Galaxy/distances Distance indicators to galaxies (cepheids, supernovas) Clusters and superclusters of galaxies Hubble law/hubble constant/red shifts/age of universe
2 Angles/angular speeds/relative distances Motions of sun, moon relative to horizon, stars/eclipses Motions of the planets relative to sun, stars/retrogrades/oppositions/elongations Geocentric/heliocentric Heliocentric parallax Kepler's laws/orbits/periodic motion/dark matter Newton's laws of motion and gravitation/orbits/mass/weight/freefall/escape speed Binary stars/masses of stars/center of mass Tidal forces Gravitational accretion/contraction General relativity/spacetime/curved geometry Conservation of angular momentum
3 Electromagnetic radiation/spectrum Emission/absorption Kirchhoff's rules (emission, absorption, continuous spectra) Atomic energy levels/photons/excitation/radiative energy Telescopes: detectors; resolving, light-gathering, magnifying power; interferometers Planck curve/black body/colors/temperature Synchrotron emission/magnetic fields Fusion reactions/nucleosynthesis Energy transport (radiation, convection, conduction) Chemical composition/spectra Doppler shift/radial velocity/blue and red shifts Stellar spectral and luminosity classes Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram/star clusters Mass-luminosity (M-L) relation/stellar lifetimes Spectra of the interstellar medium/intergalactic medium Spectra of galaxies/ red shifts/expansion of cosmos Cosmic background radiation/big Bang model
4 Assumptions, aesthetics/geometry, physics Observations (errors)/predictions, explanations Quantum theory/photons/energy levels Age/radioactive dating/half life Properties of matter (solids, liquids, gases, plasmas)/density Solar system (geocentric/heliocentric) Planets/planetary evolution/tectonics/volcanism/thermal energy Magnetic fields/dynamo model Sun/stars/stellar evolution/h-r diagram Novas/supernovas/nucleosynthesis/mass loss Stellar corpses /white dwarfs/neutron stars/black holes Starbirth/planetary systems/protostars and protoplanets/brown dwarfs Milky Way Galaxy/normal galaxies Active galaxies/supermassive black holes Formation of galaxies/protogalaxies Big Bang model/critical density/inflationary models/guts
5 Chapter 1 Angles/angular diameters/positions Angular speeds/relative motions Angles/angular speeds/relative distances Motions of sun, moon relative to horizon, stars/eclipses Motions of the planets relative to sun, stars/retrogrades/oppositions/elongations None None
6 Chapter 2 Angles/angular diameters/positions Angular speeds/relative motions Heliocentric parallax Angles/angular speeds/relative distances Motions of sun, moon relative to horizon, stars/eclipses Motions of the planets relative to sun, stars/retrogrades/oppositions/elongations Geocentric/heliocentric Heliocentric parallax None Assumptions, aesthetics/geometry, physics Observations (errors)/predictions, explanations Solar system (geocentric/heliocentric)
7 Chapter 3 Angles/angular diameters/positions Angular speeds/relative motions Astronomical Unit/Kepler's laws Heliocentric parallax Angles/angular speeds/relative distances Motions of sun, moon relative to horizon, stars/eclipses Motions of the planets relative to sun, stars/retrogrades/oppositions/elongations Geocentric/heliocentric Heliocentric parallax Kepler's laws/orbits/ None Assumptions, aesthetics/geometry, physics Observations (errors)/predictions, explanations Solar system (geocentric/heliocentric)
8 Chapter 4 Angles/angular diameters/positions Angular speeds/relative motions Astronomical Unit/Kepler's laws Heliocentric parallax Angles/angular speeds/relative distances Motions of sun, moon relative to horizon, stars/eclipses Motions of the planets relative to sun, stars/retrogrades/oppositions/elongations Geocentric/heliocentric Heliocentric parallax Kepler's laws/orbits/ None Assumptions, aesthetics/geometry, physics Observations (errors)/predictions, explanations Solar system (geocentric/heliocentric)
9 Chapter 5 None Electromagnetic radiation/spectrum Emission/absorption Kirchhoff's rules (emission, absorption, continuous spectra) Atomic energy levels/photons/excitation/radiative energy Quantum theory/photons/energy levels
10 Chapter 6 None None Electromagnetic radiation/spectrum Telescopes: detectors; resolving, light-gathering, magnifying power; interferometers Assumptions, aesthetics/geometry, physics Observations (errors)/predictions, explanations
11 Chapter 7 None Newton's laws of motion and gravitation/orbits/mass/weight/freefall/escape speed General relativity/spacetime/curved geometry Conservation of angular momentum Telescopes: detectors; resolving, light-gathering, magnifying power; interferometers Assumptions, aesthetics/geometry, physics Observations (errors)/predictions, explanations
12 Chapter 8 Angles/angular diameters/positions Angular speeds/relative motions Astronomical Unit/Kepler's laws Angles/angular speeds/relative distances Kepler's laws/orbits/periodic motion Newton's laws of motion and gravitation/orbits/mass/weight/escape speed Gravitational accretion Energy transport (radiation, convection, conduction) Assumptions, aesthetics/geometry, physics Observations (errors)/predictions, explanations Age/radioactive dating/half life Properties of matter (solids, liquids, gases, plasmas)/density Solar system (geocentric/heliocentric) Planets/planetary evolution/tectonics/volcanism/thermal energy
13 Chapter 9 Angles/angular diameters/positions Astronomical Unit/Kepler's laws Kepler's laws/orbits/periodic motion/dark matter Newton's laws of motion and gravitation/orbits/mass/weight/freefall/escape speed Energy transport (radiation, convection, conduction) Assumptions, aesthetics/geometry, physics Observations (errors)/predictions, explanations Age/radioactive dating/half life Properties of matter (solids, liquids, gases, plasmas)/density Planets/planetary evolution/tectonics/volcanism/thermal energy
14 Chapter 10 Astronomical Unit/Kepler's laws Inverse-square law for light/flux Kepler's laws/orbits/periodic motion/dark matter Newton's laws of motion and gravitation/orbits/mass/weight/freefall/escape speed Tidal forces Gravitational accretion/contraction Conservation of angular momentum Electromagnetic radiation/spectrum Emission/absorption Kirchhoff's rules (emission, absorption, continuous spectra) Planck curve/black body/colors/temperature Energy transport (radiation, convection, conduction) Chemical composition/spectra Doppler shift/radial velocity/blue and red shifts Properties of matter (solids, liquids, gases, plasmas)/density Planets/planetary evolution/tectonics/volcanism/thermal energy Magnetic fields/dynamo model
15 Chapter 11 Astronomical Unit/Kepler's laws Inverse-square law for light/flux Kepler's laws/orbits/periodic motion/dark matter Newton's laws of motion and gravitation/orbits/mass/weight/freefall/escape speed Tidal forces Gravitational accretion/contraction Conservation of angular momentum Energy transport (radiation, convection, conduction) Chemical composition/spectra Doppler shift/radial velocity/blue and red shifts Age/radioactive dating/half life Properties of matter (solids, liquids, gases, plasmas)/density Planets/planetary evolution/tectonics/volcanism/thermal energy Magnetic fields/dynamo model Starbirth/planetary systems/protostars and protoplanets/brown dwarfs
16 Chapter 12 Astronomical Unit/Kepler's laws Inverse-square law for light/flux Kepler's laws/orbits/periodic motion/dark matter Newton's laws of motion and gravitation/orbits/mass/weight/freefall/escape speed Gravitational accretion/contraction Conservation of angular momentum Electromagnetic radiation/spectrum Emission/absorption Kirchhoff's rules (emission, absorption, continuous spectra) Atomic energy levels/photons/excitation/radiative energy Planck curve/black body/colors/temperature Fusion reactions/nucleosynthesis Energy transport (radiation, convection, conduction) Chemical composition/spectra Doppler shift/radial velocity/blue and red shifts Assumptions, aesthetics/geometry, physics Observations (errors)/predictions, explanations Quantum theory/photons/energy levels Properties of matter (solids, liquids, gases, plasmas)/density Magnetic fields/dynamo model Sun/stars/stellar evolution/h-r diagram
17 Chapter 13 Astronomical Unit Heliocentric parallax/triangulation Inverse-square law for light/flux Luminosity classes from H-R diagram/ spectroscopic distances Doppler shifts Heliocentric parallax Kepler's laws/orbits/periodic motion Newton's laws of motion and gravitation Binary stars/masses of stars/center of mass Tidal forces Electromagnetic spectrum Emission/absorption Kirchhoff's rules (emission, absorption, continuous spectra) Atomic energy levels/photons/excitation/radiative energy Planck curve/black body/colors/temperature Chemical composition/spectra Doppler shift/radial velocity/blue and red shifts Stellar spectral and luminosity classes Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram/star clusters Mass-luminosity (M-L) relation/stellar lifetimes Stars/H-R diagram
18 Chapter 14 Inverse-square law for light/flux Luminosity classes from H-R diagram/ spectroscopic distances Binary stars/masses of stars/center of mass Tidal forces Gravitational accretion/contraction Conservation of angular momentum Telescopes: detectors; resolving, light-gathering, magnifying power; interferometers Planck curve/black body/colors/temperature Doppler shift/radial velocity/blue and red shifts Stellar spectral and luminosity classes Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram/star clusters Mass-luminosity (M-L) relation/stellar lifetimes Spectra of the interstellar medium Sun/stars/stellar evolution/h-r diagram Novas/supernovas/nucleosynthesis/mass loss Stellar corpses /white dwarfs/neutron stars/black holes Starbirth/planetary systems/protostars and protoplanets/brown dwarfs
19 Chapter 15 Inverse-square law for light/flux Luminosity classes from H-R diagram/ spectroscopic distances Newton's laws of motion and gravitation/orbits/mass/ Binary stars/masses of stars/center of mass Gravitational accretion/contraction Conservation of angular momentum Electromagnetic radiation/spectrum Emission/absorption Kirchhoff's rules (emission, absorption, continuous spectra) Planck curve/black body/colors/temperature Fusion reactions/nucleosynthesis Energy transport (radiation, convection, conduction) Chemical composition/spectra Doppler shift/radial velocity/blue and red shifts Stellar spectral and luminosity classes Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram/star clusters Mass-luminosity (M-L) relation/stellar lifetimes Assumptions, aesthetics/geometry, physics Observations (errors)/predictions, explanations Properties of matter (solids, liquids, gases, plasmas)/density Sun/stars/stellar evolution/h-r diagram Nucleosynthesis/mass loss
20 Chapter 16 Inverse-square law for light/flux Luminosity classes from H-R diagram Kepler's laws/orbits Newton's laws of motion and gravitation/orbits/mass/weight/freefall/escape speed Binary stars/masses of stars/center of mass Tidal forces Gravitational accretion/contraction Conservation of angular momentum Planck curve/black body/colors/temperature Fusion reactions/nucleosynthesis Energy transport (radiation, convection, conduction) Chemical composition/spectra Doppler shift/radial velocity/blue and red shifts Stellar spectral and luminosity classes Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram/star clusters Mass-luminosity (M-L) relation/stellar lifetimes Quantum theory/photons/energy levels Properties of matter (solids, liquids, gases, plasmas)/density Sun/stars/stellar evolution/h-r diagram Novas/supernovas/nucleosynthesis/mass loss Stellar corpses /white dwarfs/neutron stars/black holes Starbirth/planetary systems/protostars and protoplanets/brown dwarfs
21 Chapter 17 Inverse-square law for light/flux Doppler shifts of interstellar clouds/rotation curve of the Galaxy Period-luminosity relation for cepheids Structure of the Milky Way Galaxy/distances Kepler's laws/orbits/periodic motion/dark matter Newton's laws of motion and gravitation/orbits/mass/weight/freefall/escape speed Binary stars/masses of stars/center of mass Tidal forces Conservation of angular momentum Atomic energy levels/photons/excitation/radiative energy Planck curve/black body/colors/temperature Synchrotron emission/magnetic fields Doppler shift/radial velocity/blue and red shifts Stellar spectral and luminosity classes Mass-luminosity (M-L) relation/stellar lifetimes Spectra of the interstellar medium Sun/stars/stellar evolution/h-r diagram Novas/supernovas/nucleosynthesis/mass loss Stellar corpses /white dwarfs/neutron stars/black holes Starbirth/planetary systems/protostars and protoplanets/brown dwarfs Milky Way Galaxy/galaxies
22 Chapter 18 Angles/angular diameters Inverse-square law for light/flux Period-luminosity relation for cepheids Distance indicators to galaxies (cepheids, supernovas) Clusters and superclusters of galaxies Hubble law/hubble constant/red shifts/age of universe Kepler's laws/orbits/periodic motion/dark matter Newton's laws of motion and gravitation/orbits/mass/weight/freefall/escape speed Tidal forces Gravitational accretion/contraction Conservation of angular momentum Planck curve/black body/colors/temperature Synchrotron emission/magnetic fields Chemical composition/spectra Doppler shift/radial velocity/blue and red shifts Spectra of galaxies/ red shifts/expansion of cosmos Novas/supernovas/nucleosynthesis/mass loss Stellar corpses /white dwarfs/neutron stars/black holes Starbirth/planetary systems/protostars and protoplanets/brown dwarfs Milky Way Galaxy/galaxies
23 Chapter 19 Angles/angular diameters/positions Angular speeds/relative motions Inverse-square law for light/flux Hubble law/hubble constant/red shifts Angles/angular speeds/relative distances Kepler's laws/orbits/periodic motion/dark matter Newton's laws of motion and gravitation/orbits/mass/weight/freefall/escape speed Tidal forces Gravitational accretion/contraction Conservation of angular momentum Synchrotron emission/magnetic fields Chemical composition/spectra Doppler shift/radial velocity/blue and red shifts Spectra of galaxies/ red shifts/expansion of cosmos Properties of matter (solids, liquids, gases, plasmas)/density Milky Way Galaxy/galaxies/active galaxies
24 Chapter 20 Clusters and superclusters of galaxies Hubble law/hubble constant/red shifts/age of universe Newton's laws of motion and gravitation/orbits/mass/weight/freefall/escape speed Binary stars/masses of stars/center of mass Gravitational accretion/contraction General relativity/spacetime/curved geometry Conservation of angular momentum Kirchhoff's rules (emission, absorption, continuous spectra) Planck curve/black body/colors/temperature Doppler shift/radial velocity/blue and red shifts Spectra of galaxies/ red shifts/expansion of cosmos Cosmic background radiation/big Bang model Assumptions, aesthetics/geometry, physics Observations (errors)/predictions, explanations Milky Way Galaxy/normal galaxies Active galaxies/supermassive black holes Formation of galaxies/protogalaxies Big Bang model/critical density/inflationary models/guts
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