Review Chapter 10. 2) A parsec is slightly more than 200,000 AU. 2)
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1 Review Chapter 10 TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) A parsec is about 3.3 light-years. 1) 2) A parsec is slightly more than 200,000 AU. 2) 3) The nearest star system to our Sun, Alpha Centauri, is still over a parsec distant. 3) 4) If a star has a parallax of 0.25", then its distance is about 13 light-years. 4) 5) Two stars have the same absolute magnitude, but one lies twice as far from Earth as the other. It will appear half as bright. 5) 6) A +6.0 magnitude star is brighter than a +3.0 magnitude star. 6) 7) A 3rd magnitude star appears 2.5 times brighter than a 4th magnitude star. 7) 8) A type B star is bluer than a type G star. 8) 9) Hydrogen lines are strongest in class A stars. 9) 10) Only A type stars show hydrogen lines in their spectra. 10) 11) Molecular lines, such as TiO, are only found in very hot stars. 11) 12) White dwarfs lie on the lower left portion of the H-R diagram. 12) 13) Almost all stars on the main sequence range from 1 to 10 solar luminosities. 13) 14) Most naked-eye stars would fall to the top left on the H-R diagram. 14) 15) Main sequence stars lie at the top right corner of the H-R diagram. 15) 16) Our Sun lies about the middle of the main sequence and the H-R diagram. 16) 17) Main sequence stars are fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores. 17) 18) Most stars are single stars like our own. 18) 19) The mass of a newly formed star will determine its position on the main sequence. 19) 1
2 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 20) A star has a parallax of.05." Its distance is 20) A) 660 light-years. B) 66 parsecs. C) 200 parsecs. D) 5 light-years. E) 20 parsecs. 21) Which statement about stellar motion is incorrect? 21) A) Radial velocity is measured by the Doppler shifts of the spectral lines. B) The space velocity can be found from the radial and transverse velocities. C) You must also know the parallax to get the transverse velocity. D) The closer stars usually show larger proper motions. E) Proper motion is measured in intervals of six months. 22) The full Moon's apparent magnitude is 22) A) B) C) D) E) ) What physical property of a star does the spectral type measure? 23) A) composition B) temperature C) luminosity D) mass E) density 24) What can be said with certainty about a red star and a blue star? 24) A) The blue star has a greater proper motion than the red star. B) The red star is more massive than the blue star. C) The blue star is hotter than the red star. D) The red star is closer to Earth than the blue star. E) The red star has a greater radial velocity than the blue star. 25) The H-R diagram can plot 25) A) temperature versus luminosity. B) apparent magnitude versus spectral classes. C) radius versus mass. D) temperature versus mass. E) radius versus luminosity. 26) The stars with masses comparable to our Sun's, but sizes like the Earth are 26) A) red giants. B) white dwarfs. C) blue main sequence stars. D) red main sequence stars. E) neutron stars. 2
3 27) On the H-R diagram, the bright blue stars that dominate the naked-eye sky lie 27) A) in the middle of the main sequence. B) at the lower right. C) at the lower left. D) at the top left. E) at the top right. 28) On the H-R diagram, the Sun lies 28) A) at the top right. B) at the bottom right. C) at the top left. D) at the bottom left. E) about the middle of the main sequence. 29) On the H-R diagram, red supergiants like Betelgeuse lie 29) A) at the top right. B) at the bottom left. C) at the top left. D) at the bottom right. E) They can't be plotted, for they are not main sequence. 30) A star near the lower right of the H-R diagram is likely to be 30) A) blue, with high luminosity. B) yellow, with luminosity similar to our Sun's. C) red, with low luminosity. D) hot, bright, and very large. E) red, with high luminosity. 31) What information can be gained from the light curves of eclipsing binaries? 31) A) their masses B) their luminosities C) their sizes D) their temperatures E) their distances SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 32) To find the distance of nearby stars, we use their parallaxes obtained over -month intervals. 32) 33) If its parallax is 1", then the distance to the star is light-years. 33) 34) A stars total velocity is a combination of its and velocities. 34) 35) The absolute magnitude of the Sun is. 35) 36) The magnitude of a star depends on its luminosity and distance from us. 36) 37) From hottest to coolest, the seven letters for the star types are. 37) 3
4 38) The ionized helium lines show up only in class stars. 38) 39) In the M class stars, we find absorption lines not seen in hotter stars. 39) 40) Stars of the main sequence, like our own, are all converting into helium. 40) 41) The star's plays the major role in determining its main sequence position and luminosity. 41) 42) In general, the more massive the star, the its lifetime. 42) ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 43) How can Betelgeuse be only half the Sun's surface temperature, yet about 10,000 times more luminous than the hotter Sun? 44) Why can the Hubble Space Telescope give us better direct measurements of star diameters than larger Earth-based telescopes can? 45) What percentage of stars lie on the main sequence? Why? 46) Contrast main sequence stars of type B and G. 47) What is the relationship between a star's mass and its lifetime? 48) Why don't stars less massive then type M exist? 49) Explain the difference between radial and transverse velocities. 4
5 Answer Key Testname: REVIEW10 1) TRUE 2) TRUE 3) TRUE 4) TRUE 5) FALSE 6) FALSE 7) TRUE 8) TRUE 9) TRUE 10) FALSE 11) FALSE 12) TRUE 13) FALSE 14) TRUE 15) FALSE 16) TRUE 17) TRUE 18) FALSE 19) TRUE 20) E 21) E 22) B 23) B 24) C 25) A 26) B 27) D 28) E 29) A 30) C 31) C 32) six 33) ) radial; transverse 35) +5 or +4.8 to be more precise 36) apparent 37) OBAFGKM 38) O 39) molecular 40) hydrogen 41) mass 42) shorter. 43) It may be cooler, but it is about 1,000 times the Sun's diameter, and has a surface area almost a million times greater than the Sun. 44) Without the atmosphere and twinkling caused by turbulence, HST gives much better resolution and thus can directly image the disks of some of the giant stars, such as Betelgeuse. 45) About 90% of all stars are still fusing hydrogen to helium in their cores. 46) The B star will be hotter, larger, more massive and more luminous. 47) The more massive a star is, the faster it uses up its fuel and the shorter its lifetime. 5
6 Answer Key Testname: REVIEW10 48) A body less massive than a type M star (about 8% the Sun's mass) will not get hot enough by gravitational collapse to start fusing hydrogen into helium. 49) Radial velocity is found from Doppler shifts, and measures speed along our line of sight. Transverse velocity is motion across our line of sight, and requires both the apparent angular proper motion and knowledge of the parallax and distance. 6
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