Winter Observing at Anderson Mesa Spring Semester
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1 Coconino Community College Astronomy PHYS 180 Name: Telescope No. Winter Observing at Anderson Mesa Spring Semester Weather permitting; we will be able to view a number of different constellations and a few bright Deep Sky s at our dark sky observing site at Anderson Mesa. Additional Observing Materials: Night Watch A Practical Guide to the Universe Charts (pages ) Planisphere Pencil for recording your data (and a flat surface to write against) Planetary Observing Pages (see Part IV), if planets are up (Venus - Mars, Jupiter or Saturn) Observing Date: Time: Viewing Conditions Cloud Cover: Seeing: (Air Shakiness) Transparency: (Air Haziness) (1 is bad, 2 is Fair, 3 is Good, 4 is Excellent) Lunar Phase Identify (circle) the phase of the current Moon Note that this is as seen with the unaided eye Part I: Constellations and Bright Stars 1. Some of the more common Constellations in the Winter Sky form a large hexagon-like shape with their brightest stars. This shape is sometimes described as the Winter G, Winter Circle, or Winter Hexagon, and is one of many asterisms (easily identifiable star patterns that are not official constellations.) Look on Charts in Night Watch, to identify the star names. Write them on the attached evening Sky Chart and in the table below. (Note: they are identified on the sky chart with an or a in the constellation, next to the star): Constellation Star Name Star Name Canis Major Canis Minor Gemini Auriga Taurus 2. On the attached Sky Chart, beginning with Taurus, then Auriga, and continuing counter clockwise on the chart, lightly connect in pencil, or hi-lighter, all the bright stars listed above, ending with. What letter have you drawn? III: 04a - Winter Observing Spring Semester BDM Page 1
2 Part II: Visual Observing of Stars and Star Colors 1. Observe the constellation Gemini. The two brightest stars represent the heads of the twins. Which of the stars is brighter, or? Stars were named (alphabetically, in the Greek Alphabet) from brightest to dimmest within constellations. Is there a discrepancy here? Yes / No (circle one) 2. Observe the constellation. Compare the appearance, and color of the top left star ( s right shoulder as he faces us) with the bottom right star ( s left knee.) In the table below enter the star names, magnitudes, and the observed color (with respect to the color range in the table below.) Designation Star Name Magnitude Observed Color Stellar Class Avg. Temp. 3. Stellar color is an indication of the temperature of a star s atmosphere. Based on your visual observations of the colors for the two stars, and the chart below, include in the table above what you perceive to be the Stellar Class, and the Average Temperature of the two stars in. 4. Check your results above by looking up and in your text, or online in Wikipedia. Record the spectral Stellar Class of each of the two stars (Some examples of specific spectral Stellar Classes are A0, F5, G2 and B8), and their resultant Temperatures below. STAR STELLAR CLASS (Spectral Type) TEMPERATURE 5. How do your visual observations for Average Temperature of the two stars compare to those Temperatures based on the actual Stellar Class? III: 04a - Winter Observing Spring Semester BDM Page 2
3 Part III: Telescope Deep Sky Observations 1. Find each of the objects below on the chart and observe them through your team s telescope. Use the attached Sky Chart, Planisphere, or NightWatch for reference. Enter what you think is the Optimum Magnification for each object. (i.e. the Magnification that you feel provides the best image.) Constellation Name (and Designation) Great Nebula (M 42, NGC 1976) Taurus Pleiades, Subaru (M 45) Andromeda Andromeda Galaxy (M 31) Perseus Double Cluster (NGC 869 & NGC 884) Type* Optimum (best) Magnification *Under Type Indicate if the object is a Nebula, Galaxy, Open Star Cluster, or Globular Cluster. 2. Make a sketch of each of the four objects in the circles provided below. (Note: The circles represent the field of view for each observation.) M42 M45 M31 NGC 869 & NGC 884 3a. M42 Describe the appearance of this object as viewed in the telescope. 3b. M45 Describe the appearance of the Pleiades as viewed in the telescope. 3c. M31 Describe the appearance of this object as viewed in the telescope. 3d. NGC 869 & NGC 884 Describe their appearance as viewed in the telescope. III: 04a - Winter Observing Spring Semester BDM Page 3
4 4. If you have time, observe the following interesting. (Use the Sky Chart, Planisphere or NightWatch to locate it.) Complete the information below: Constellation Name (Designation) Type (Circle One) Optimum (best) Magnification Triangulum The Pinwheel (M33) Galaxy Globular Cluster Open Cluster Nebula Part IV: QUESTIONS 1. What is the difference between a Constellation and an Asterism? 2. During this semester, we are just beginning to be able to view the most recognizable group of stars in the sky, the Big Dipper. Is the Big Dipper a constellation or an asterism? (Hint: Look on your Planisphere for the answer.) 3. The major constellation stars were first given Greek letter designations, in order of decreasing magnitude, by German astronomer Johann Bayer in Note that in the constellation Gemini the brightest star is not designated by a Greek letter ". Which do you think is the reason? 1. Johann Bayer was not very good at discerning stellar magnitudes. 2. Since this was before the invention of the telescope, designation accuracy was not very good. 3. The magnitudes of the stars have changed over the past four centuries. 4. Using any reference source (text, Internet, etc.) find the distances for the following objects: DEEP SKY OBJECT DISTANCE Is it Inside, or Outside the Milky Way? M42: M45: M31: NGC 869 & NGC 884: 5. The Pleiades is a group of stars all gravitationally bound. Its Messier catalog number is M45. The Pleiades is the Greek name for the Seven Sisters (daughters of Atlas), although different cultures count different numbers of stars. The Japanese give this grouping, the name Subaru. How many bright stars does the Japanese culture designate for this grouping of stars? (Hint: Look at the logo of a car having the same name.) Part V: Planetary Observations You will be given the appropriate planetary observing sheets for those planets that are able to be viewed during the observing session. Follow the instructor s directions and always use a pencil to record your data. III: 04a - Winter Observing Spring Semester BDM Page 4
5 III: 04a - Winter Observing Spring Semester BDM Page 5
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