Sun, Moon, and Stars. The Stars
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- Philippa Wilcox
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1 The Sun The Moon Sun, Moon, and Stars The Stars
2 VOCABULARY *The sun is the star that rises in the morning, crosses the sky, and sets at night. *The cardinal directions are the four main points on a compass: north, south, east, and west. *A compass is a tool used to determine directions.
3 *Day is the time when the Sun appears in the sky, and it is light outside. *Night is the time when there is no Sun in the sky, and it is dark outside *A shadow is a dark area where an object has blocked the light.
4 What objects do you usually see in the sky during the day? What kinds of things should qualify as being in the sky? Which objects are natural and which are made by humans?
5 QUESTIONS TO THINK ABOUT: 1. Is the Sun always in the sky? Yes 2. How can you tell where the Sun is in the sky? It s a really bright light. 3. When can you see the Sun? During the day. 4. Where is the sun at night? On the other side of Earth.
6 MORE QUESTIONS TO THINK ABOUT: 1. Where did the Sun come up this morning? 2. Does the Sun move after it comes up? 3. Where will the Sun go down tonight? 4. How would you describe how the Sun travels across the sky? 5. Does it follow the same path every day?
7 Here is a tool that helps us describe where the Sun rises and sets: What do we call it? A compass. It points north. It also shows the directions of south, east, and west Let s use the compass for our next activity. What does it do?
8 Point to the direction you think north is lay your compass flat on the table, and away from any metal. Take a minute to observe the needle. One end of the needle always points north. In this compass, the red points north
9 Slowly turn the compass while leaving it flat on the table The red end of the needle continues to point north while the compass body turns under it! Turn the compass until the letter N is right under the red end of the needle.
10 I need four volunteers each one to hold a direction sheet of N, S, E, and W. We will tell them where to stand in the room. Now, we ll hand out the Where s the Sun? page so you can glue it in your journal and discuss how we ll complete it when we go outside to the blacktop with your journal, pencil, and compass.
11 After a short activity and questions, you ll need to complete the Where s the Sun? sheet with a partner. Here s how: One person is the pointer, the other the observer. The pointer will stand on the east/west line, facing south, and point at the sun (like the picture) The observer draws the pointer s arms. BE SURE TO GET THE ANGLE OF THEIR ARM JUST RIGHT! Ask me for the time of day and write it down. Switch roles and repeat.
12 Great job out there! Next, we need to make predictions about where either the sun was before, where it will be later, or both.
13 Now that three times throughout the day have been recorded, let s see what the data looks like: Is this close to your predictions?
14 LET S ANSWER SOME QUESTIONS TO REVIEW: 1. Does the sun move in the sky during the day? Yes 2. What evidence do The finger pointed to a you have that the sun different place at moves? different times of day. 3. Which direction did the West Sun move in the sky? 4. How do you know the The arm moved Sun moved west? from east to west
15 *In which direction did the sun rise this morning? In the east *In which direction will the Sun set In the west tonight? The Sun moves west during *How do you know? the day, so it will keep going Does the Sun rise and set in the same directions each day? Yes
16 SHADOW TRACKING Let s play a quick review game. Someone will name an object and the rest of you have to say what direction it is from you. Does everyone remember how to use a compass? We ll review if necessary
17 Let s find out what you know about shadows: What is a shadow? Do you have a shadow all of the time? What do you need in order to have a shadow? I need two volunteers
18 Procedure 1. We re going to darken the room 2. One person will stand up front facing the whiteboard. 3. The other will stand a few feet behind him/her and point a light at them. 4. Let s answer the following questions Where is the shadow? How did we make a shadow? If we turn off the light source, will he/she still have a shadow?
19 Do you always have a shadow when you are outdoors? What do you need to make a shadow outside during the daytime? Before we go outside, let s review our procedure
20 Procedure: Find a partner, each group gets a chalk While outside: Review cardinal directions Spread out enough so your shadows don t touch each other, or be overshadowed by another object One person stands while the partner traces around their shadow (remember to trace the feet as well!) Write the shadow s name and time of day inside of your tracing. Switch spots and repeat.
21 Why do you have a shadow? My body blocks the sunlight. My shadow is the darkness where no light falls. What direction did your shadows point? Answers will change during the day. After/Before lunch, will your shadow fall right into the outline you traced? In your journal write: I predict my shadow will point (direction) during the (morning/afternoon).
22 Here s what happened to the shadows that a member of each class traced at different times of the day
23 Let s review our predictions: What do you think happened to those shadows that were made in the opposite time of day? They changed shape and direction. Why do you think your shadows changed? The Sun s position in the sky changed. When the Sun is in the east in the morning, which way does your shadow point? West How about when the Sun is in the west in the afternoon? East
24 *Now when do you think you will have the longest shadow? When the Sun is lowest in the sky. *How about the shortest shadow? When the Sun is highest in the sky. Now let s investigate the effect the Sun has on Earth using a sphere and light source
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