The Moons of the Solar System

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1 The Moons of the Solar System By Jordan Smith, Kaitlin McAfee, Erinn Capko, and Ashley Dominguez Survey of the Universe, EMPACTS Project, Spring 2017 Kelly Howe, Instructo4r, Northwest Arkansas Community College Bentonville, AR 72712

2 Our Solar System

3 Earth: Luna Distance from the Earth: About 239,000 miles. The fifth largest moon in the solar system Radius: 1,079.6 miles Earth's moon has a core, mantle and crust. Solid, iron-rich inner core Maximum temperature: 253 degrees Fahrenheit. the same hemisphere faces Earth all the time. Due to synchronous rotation Long ago the moon had active volcanoes, but today they are all dormant and have not erupted for millions of years. A steady rain of asteroids, meteoroids and comets strikes the surface of the moon, leaving numerous craters behind

4 Mars: Phobos -Discovered in 1877 by American Astronomer Asaph Hall -Made of carbon-rich rock mixed with ice and perhaps captured asteroids -Orbits 3700 mi above Martian surface -Orbits Mars 3 times a day (every 4 hours) -Gradually getting closer to Mars every century

5 Mars: Deimos -Discovered in 1877 by Asaph Hall -Made of carbon-rich rock mixed with ice -Orbits Mars at 12,470 mi from surface -Takes about 30 hours to complete 1 orbit -First exploration of Mars & moons took place in 1971

6 Jupiter: (The Four Galilean Moons)- Europa Thick layer of ice on outside, and there is thought to be a subsurface ocean There may be ice spikes on surface It is possible for life to exist here It is the smallest of the four galilean moons It is close to the size of Earth s moon It has little to no weather One of the most reflective moons of the solar system Temperatures between -260 and -360 degrees

7 It has lava lakes Jupiter: Io It is the most volcanically active body in the solar system It is tidally locked so the same side always faces Jupiter Surface temperature from -202 to 3000 degrees fahrenheit Atmosphere of mostly sulfur dioxide Has a donut shaped cloud of radiation called a plasma Sulfur spews upward as high as 190 miles

8 Jupiter: Callisto It is the most heavily cratered object in the solar system It is twice as bright as our own moon Was thought to be a dead moon One of the galilean moons Has a diameter of 2,985 miles

9 Jupiter: Ganymede It is the largest and most massive moon of the solar system It is slightly smaller than Mars The only moon to have a magnetosphere It has aurora s much like Earth s The bumps on the surface may be rock formations It may have a salty subsurface ocean Has a core of metallic iron, layer of rock, with a crust of thick ice

10 Saturn: Titan Titan Formed by co-accretion and large impacts. The surface of Titan is relatively young, with few impact craters. Ligeia Mare- Titan's second-largest sea, which is almost a pure methane sea Streaky features, some of them hundreds of kilometers in length, that appear to be caused by windblown particles There have been some mountains and cryovolcanoes (volcanoes that spew water instead of lava) found on its surface

11 Saturn: Rhea Composed mostly of water ice, but has a small rocky core. Second largest moon of Saturn Roughly as warm as -281 degrees Fahrenheit (-174 degrees Celsius) in sunlit areas and ranging down to -364 degrees Fahrenheit (-220 degrees Celsius) in shaded areas. Giovanni Cassini discovered Rhea on 23 December 1672.

12 Uranus: Titania There are fault valleys and some are up to 1,000 miles long and can be seen near the terminator or can be also called a shadow line Troughs break the crust in two different directions, which indicates that there is some tectonic extension of the crust There is a high result of a reflective material, which causes a result of frost. This result can be spotted along the sun- facing valley walls. Largest moon for Uranus Diameter is about 1,000 miles

13 Uranus: Oberon Very heavily cratered Made of half ice and half rock There is one mountain and it is known to rise up to about 6 km high Is Uranus second largest moon

14 Neptune: Triton Has a synchronous rotation with Neptune. Also one side is always facing the planet The surface is sparsely cratered, has very smooth volcanic plains, & there are mounds & rounds, which were created by the icy lava flow Crust is made up of frozen nitrogen over an icy mantle & is believed to cover the core of rock & mental Has more rock in its interior than most of the icy satellites Atmosphere is very thin and made up of mostly nitrogen & has tiny amounts of methane It's so cold, that the nitrogen is as condensed as frost, this causes the surface to have an icy sheen and reflects about 70% of the sunlight Largest moon in the solar system to have an opposite orbit direction of its planet, this is known as retrograde orbit

15 Neptune: Nereid Is a very irregular shape There is no sign of any geological activity Take 360 Earth days to make a complete orbit, because it's so far away from Neptune One of the outermost moons and is the largest among them Has the most eccentric orbit compared to any other moon in the solar system

16 7. Which moon has no geological activity? Assessment 1. Which two moons are theorized to be captured asteroids? 2. Which moon is closest to the size of Earth s moon? 3. Which moon has active volcanoes? 4. Which moon is the largest and most massive of our solar system? Options: Luna, Phobos, Deimos, Ganymede, Io, Calisto, Europa, Rhea, Titan, Titania, Nereid, Triton 5. Which moon is known as the celestial body of fire and ice? 6. What is the name of Earth s moon?

17 Works Cited Dunbar, Brian. Layers of Titan. NASA, NASA, Accessed 19 Apr Dunford, Bill. "Earth's Moon - In Depth Planets - NASA Solar System Exploration." NASA. NASA, n.d. Web. 19 Apr Dunford, Bill. NASA Solar System Exploration: Mars' Moons. NASA, NASA, solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/mars/moons. Accessed 4 Apr Dunford, Bill. "Rhea - In Depth Planets - NASA Solar System Exploration." NASA. NASA, n.d. Web. 19 Apr Elizabeth Howell Space.com. Callisto: Facts About Jupiter's (Not So) Dead Moon. space.com/16448-callisto-facts-about-jupiters-dead-moon.html. Greicius, Tony. Europa's Stunning Surface. NASA, NASA, 25 Feb. 2015, Accessed 25 Apr List of Geological Features on Titan. Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Mar. 2017, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/list_of_geological_features_on_titan. Accessed 19 Apr Perez, Martin. The Mysterious 'Lakes' on Saturn's Moon Titan. NASA, NASA, 19 June 2015, Accessed 19 Apr Taylor Redd, Nola. Mars' Moons: Facts About Phobos & Deimos. Space.com/Science&Astronomy, Space.com, 27 June 2016, Accessed 4 Apr Titan (Moon). Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 17 Apr. 2017, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/titan_(moon). Accessed 19 Apr Zimmermann, Kim. Ganymede: Facts About Jupiter's Largest Moon..space.com/16440-ganymede-facts-about-jupiters-largest-moon.html. Accessed Zimmermann, Kim Ann. Io: Facts about Jupiter's Volcanic Moon. Space.com, Accessed 25 Apr. "Titania - In Depth Planets - NASA Solar System Exploration." NASA. NASA, n.d. Web. 26 Apr "Oberon - In Depth Planets - NASA Solar System Exploration." NASA. NASA, n.d. Web. 26 Apr "Triton - In Depth Planets - NASA Solar System Exploration." NASA. NASA, n.d. Web. 26 Apr "Nereid - In Depth Planets - NASA Solar System Exploration." NASA. NASA, n.d. Web. 26 Apr

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