Compact Stars. Lecture 4

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Compact Stars. Lecture 4"

Transcription

1 Compact Stars Lecture 4

2 X-ray binaries We have talked about the basic structure of accretion disks in X-ray binaries and evolutionary scenarios of low mass and high mass XRBs I will now present the observational review of X-ray binaries. We will then discuss more some specific aspects of the alpha-disks theory

3 Radiation of the disk The temperature profile of the disk scales with radius as R-3/4 Maximum temperature: X-rays Wavelength =1-25 Å, energy h = kev

4 Why X-rays? Optically thick case: the blackbody temperature is 1/4 L T bb = 2 4 R Optically thin case: gravitational potential enegy is turned into thermal energy GM m p me 3 = k T th R For accreting binaries, L~10 10 erg/s, R~10 cm. Tbb<Trad<Tth.. 1 kev < Trad < 50 MeV. Therefore the photon frequency hν is in X-rays. 6

5 Mechanisms of X-ray emission Bremsstrahlung Compton upscattering Synchrotron Atomic emission Details: e.g, Rybicki & Lightman, Radiative processes in astrophysics

6 History of X-ray astronomy 1054: Crab Supernova, observed by Chinese 1572: Supernova in Cassiopeia, observed by Tycho Brahe 1895: X-rays discovered by Roentgen 1949: detection of X-rays from the Sun 1962: detection of first X-ray source outside the Solar system, Cyg X : Nobel prize for Riccardo Giacconi, for his pioneering contributions to X-ray instrumentation

7 Important X-ray observatories Uhuru. Worked from 1970 to 1973, first mission dedicated to X-ray astronomy. The X-ray sources are collected in the 4U Catalog Einstein (HEAO-2). Worked from 1978 to First X-ray imaging telescope in space ROSAT Collected over 150,000 sources in the All-sky survey catalog. Detected isolated neutron stars and showed morphology of supernova remnants.

8 X-ray observatories ASCA First satellite that used CCD detectors for X-ray astronomy Beppo SAX Sensitive from 0.1 to 300 kev. Provided first accurate positions of gamma ray bursts. Chandra. Launched in Studies 100 times fainter sources than other instruments XMM-Newton. From Large effective area; the catalog contains over half million sources.

9 Future observatories Astro-sat: planned by India Astro-H: planned by JAXA Athena+ planned by NASA/ESA (?)

10 Observational characteristics All sky map from Uhuru More than 300 X-ray binaries in the Galaxy, with luminosities erg/s Galactic plane, center, globular clusters Some in other galaxies (LMC, SMC)

11 Galactic and extragalactic sources Chandra image of M83 with point-like NS and BH X-ray sources X-ray binary Cen X-3, discovered in Orbital modulation of 2.08 days, neutron star pulsations with 4.84 sec.

12 HMXBs from Integral Obscured sources: large intrinsic absorption Fast X-ray transients: flares of duration ~few hrs; luminosity increases form to 1037 erg/s

13 Pulsar spectra The energy spectrum is: N(E) =N0 E-a E<= Ec N(E) = N0 E-a exp [-(E-Ec)/Ef] E>Ec The power law index a=0-1 Cutoff energies in the range of kev

14 Spectral components Soft X-ray absorption, parameterized by hydrogen column density and distance Fluorescent iron line at kev, doe to emission from ionized iron in the circumstellar matter

15 Cyclotron lines Form due to resonant scattering of the line-of-sight X-ray photons on the electrons embedded in magnetic field Detected at kev E0 = 11.6 B12 /(1+z) kev Depending on the neutron star's surface magnetic field strength

16 Neutron star LMXB Contain Galactic bulge X-ray sources, X-ray bursters, soft X-ray transients HMXBs Numerous sources are in globular clusters Observed properties may depend on the viewing angle: X-ray dips, eclipses LMXBs

17 Spectral variability NS LMXBs are divided into Atoll and Z -sources, based on color-color diagram Atolls have lower luminosities, power-law spectra; Z's have thermal spectra Soft: log F( kev)/f( kev) Hard: log F( kev)/f( kev) Evolution of a source reflects the changes of mass accretion rate Muno et al. 2001

18 X-ray bursts Rise time ~1 s, decay times >~ 10 s; intervals hrs-days BB temperature decreases during burst decay Bursts are due to thermonuclear explosions of H/He on the NS surface

19 Quasi-periodic oscillations QPOs are intensity fluctuations with a preferred frequency HOBs (Horizontal branch QPOs): 5-60 Hz, correlating with X-ray intensity Burst oscillations: represent spin frequency of NS

20 Kilo-hertz QPOs Show twin peaks in Hz range Beat frequency model: v2 is the Keplerian frequency of accreting matter at some radius (i.e. sonic or magnetospheric); v1 is the beat frequency between v2 and NS spin frequency Relativistic disk precession model: v2 is the orbital frequency of matter at some radius and v1 is the periastron precession of the orbit

21 Black hole binaries Classified to both LMXBs or HMXBs Can be transient or persistent sources About 30 are known, in our Galaxy and Magellanic Clouds

22 X-ray novae Flux increase by 2 orders of magnitude in several days Decline time of ~ months Many of them are recurrent Possibly outbursts are due to accretion disk instability

23 State transitions Spectra composed of disk black body component and power-law tail Hard X-rays possibly originate in a separate medium, i.e. Corona above the disk

24 State transitions

25 Hysteresis effect Hard->soft transition is made at much higher luminosity than soft-> hard

26 Comparison of X-ray characteristics Feature HMXBs LMXBs X-ray spectrum Hard, kt >= 15 kev, or power-law index of 0-1 Soft, kt = 5-10 kev Time variability Regular pulsations, no X-ray Often X-ra bursts, quasibursts, often X-ray eclipses periodic oscillations Optical spectrum Stellar-like Reprocessing Optical counterpart Massive, early-type star (O, B), Lopt/Lx = Faint stars, Lopt/Lx = Orbital period 1d - 1yr 10 min 10 d Distribution Concentrated towards Concentrated towards 7 Galactic plane, age < 10 yrs Galactic center, age >109 yrs

27 BH diagnostics Lack of type 1 X-ray bursts In general, much softer spectra High energy power-law tail State transitions: high-soft and low-hard For a given orbital period, BH sources are ~100 times dimmer than NS sources

28 Eddington limit Infalling matter is ionized hydrogen The upward force is exerted by the radiation flux, due to the Thomson scatterig on electrons F x= L x T 2 4 r c which is the number of collinsions per electron per unit time ( T = 0.66 x cm2 ), multiplied by photon momentum p These electrons communicate with protons by electrostatic coupling

29 Eddington limit Accretion occurs if the gravity exceeds the photon force. F grav = G M X mp r 2 The critical luminosity is therefore 4 G M x m p 38 M X 1 L Edd = = erg s T M Sun and is called Eddington limit (Eddington 1926) The same limit applies to massive stars supported in hydrostatic equilibrium by radiation pressure

30 Magnitude of viscosity Viscous stresses are generted via thermal and turbulent motions In cylindrical coordinates, the viscous stress tensor r component is Tr = - r ' The kinematic viscosity, according to Shakura & Sunyaev (1973) prescription, is cs H with a constant ~0.1.

31 Magnitude of viscosity There is no reason to believe that viscosity is constant in time and throughout the disk. Probably, hydrodynamic mechanisms cannot produce sustained turbulence in differentailly rotating disks Balbus & Hawley (1991) studied magnetorotational instabilities (MRI) and found they are effective in driving turbulences

32 Magnitude of viscosity For Keplerian disk, we have '= (3/2) and from hydrostatic equlibrium, cs2 = P/ = H2 2 Therefore, the shear stress is Tr = 3/2 P and viscosity magnitude can be estimated as Tr P The stress computed in the shearing-box MHD simulations consists of Maxwell (magnetic) and Reynolds (turbulent) parts. Recent simulatiuons show that consistent values of alpha are obtained with total pressure (Hirose et al. 2009; Jiang et al. 2013)

33 Next week More about steady state and time dependent accretion disk models. Dwarf novae. Mini Journal Club please volunteer Suggested articles: this week's arxiv Hadronic Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Emission from Cygnus X-3 (ApJ paper) A New Accretion Disk Around the Missing Link Binary Pulsar PSR J (submitted to ApJ Letters) Composite profile of the Fe Kα spectral line emitted from a binary system of supermassive black holes Advances in Space Research

Chapter 0 Introduction X-RAY BINARIES

Chapter 0 Introduction X-RAY BINARIES X-RAY BINARIES 1 Structure of this course 0. Introduction 1. Compact stars: formation and observational appearance. Mass transfer in binaries 3. Observational properties of XRBs 4. Formation and evolution

More information

Distribution of X-ray binary stars in the Galaxy (RXTE) High-Energy Astrophysics Lecture 8: Accretion and jets in binary stars

Distribution of X-ray binary stars in the Galaxy (RXTE) High-Energy Astrophysics Lecture 8: Accretion and jets in binary stars High-Energy Astrophysics Lecture 8: Accretion and jets in binary stars Distribution of X-ray binary stars in the Galaxy (RXTE) Robert Laing Primary Compact accreting binary systems Compact star WD NS BH

More information

High-Energy Astrophysics Lecture 6: Black holes in galaxies and the fundamentals of accretion. Overview

High-Energy Astrophysics Lecture 6: Black holes in galaxies and the fundamentals of accretion. Overview High-Energy Astrophysics Lecture 6: Black holes in galaxies and the fundamentals of accretion Robert Laing Overview Evidence for black holes in galaxies and techniques for estimating their mass Simple

More information

Accretion Disks. 1. Accretion Efficiency. 2. Eddington Luminosity. 3. Bondi-Hoyle Accretion. 4. Temperature profile and spectrum of accretion disk

Accretion Disks. 1. Accretion Efficiency. 2. Eddington Luminosity. 3. Bondi-Hoyle Accretion. 4. Temperature profile and spectrum of accretion disk Accretion Disks Accretion Disks 1. Accretion Efficiency 2. Eddington Luminosity 3. Bondi-Hoyle Accretion 4. Temperature profile and spectrum of accretion disk 5. Spectra of AGN 5.1 Continuum 5.2 Line Emission

More information

The Black Hole in the Galactic Center. Eliot Quataert (UC Berkeley)

The Black Hole in the Galactic Center. Eliot Quataert (UC Berkeley) The Black Hole in the Galactic Center Eliot Quataert (UC Berkeley) Why focus on the Galactic Center? The Best Evidence for a BH: M 3.6 10 6 M (M = mass of sun) It s s close! only ~ 10 55 Planck Lengths

More information

Accretion in Binaries

Accretion in Binaries Accretion in Binaries Two paths for accretion Roche-lobe overflow Wind-fed accretion Classes of X-ray binaries Low-mass (BH and NS) High-mass (BH and NS) X-ray pulsars (NS) Be/X-ray binaries (NS) Roche

More information

Neutron Stars. Neutron Stars and Black Holes. The Crab Pulsar. Discovery of Pulsars. The Crab Pulsar. Light curves of the Crab Pulsar.

Neutron Stars. Neutron Stars and Black Holes. The Crab Pulsar. Discovery of Pulsars. The Crab Pulsar. Light curves of the Crab Pulsar. Chapter 11: Neutron Stars and Black Holes A supernova explosion of an M > 8 M sun star blows away its outer layers. Neutron Stars The central core will collapse into a compact object of ~ a few M sun.

More information

X-ray observations of X-ray binaries and AGN

X-ray observations of X-ray binaries and AGN X-ray observations of X-ray binaries and AGN Tomaso M. Be!oni (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera) (Visiting Professor, Univ. of Southampton) OUTLINE Lecture I: Accretion onto compact objects, X-ray

More information

Quasars ASTR 2120 Sarazin. Quintuple Gravitational Lens Quasar

Quasars ASTR 2120 Sarazin. Quintuple Gravitational Lens Quasar Quasars ASTR 2120 Sarazin Quintuple Gravitational Lens Quasar Quasars Quasar = Quasi-stellar (radio) source Optical: faint, blue, star-like objects Radio: point radio sources, faint blue star-like optical

More information

Chapter 14. Outline. Neutron Stars and Black Holes. Note that the following lectures include. animations and PowerPoint effects such as

Chapter 14. Outline. Neutron Stars and Black Holes. Note that the following lectures include. animations and PowerPoint effects such as Note that the following lectures include animations and PowerPoint effects such as fly ins and transitions that require you to be in PowerPoint's Slide Show mode (presentation mode). Chapter 14 Neutron

More information

Lecture 20 High-Energy Astronomy. HEA intro X-ray astrophysics a very brief run through. Swift & GRBs 6.4 kev Fe line and the Kerr metric

Lecture 20 High-Energy Astronomy. HEA intro X-ray astrophysics a very brief run through. Swift & GRBs 6.4 kev Fe line and the Kerr metric Lecture 20 High-Energy Astronomy HEA intro X-ray astrophysics a very brief run through. Swift & GRBs 6.4 kev Fe line and the Kerr metric Tut 5 remarks Generally much better. However: Beam area. T inst

More information

This is a vast field - here are some references for further reading

This is a vast field - here are some references for further reading This is a vast field - here are some references for further reading Dippers: Smale et al. 1988 MNRAS 232 647 Black hole transient lmxbs: Remillard and McClintock, 2006 ARAA 44, 49 Color-color diagrams

More information

Active galactic nuclei (AGN)

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) Active galactic nuclei (AGN) General characteristics and types Supermassive blackholes (SMBHs) Accretion disks around SMBHs X-ray emission processes Jets and their interaction with ambient medium Radio

More information

Searching for black holes in nearby galaxies with Simbol-X

Searching for black holes in nearby galaxies with Simbol-X Mem. S.A.It. Vol. 79, 208 c SAIt 2008 Memorie della Searching for black holes in nearby galaxies with Simbol-X Paul Gorenstein Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St. Cambridge, MA 02138,

More information

Astronomy 1504 Section 002 Astronomy 1514 Section 10 Midterm 2, Version 1 October 19, 2012

Astronomy 1504 Section 002 Astronomy 1514 Section 10 Midterm 2, Version 1 October 19, 2012 Astronomy 1504 Section 002 Astronomy 1514 Section 10 Midterm 2, Version 1 October 19, 2012 Choose the answer that best completes the question. Read each problem carefully and read through all the answers.

More information

This class: Life cycle of high mass stars Supernovae Neutron stars, pulsars, pulsar wind nebulae, magnetars Quark-nova stars Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)

This class: Life cycle of high mass stars Supernovae Neutron stars, pulsars, pulsar wind nebulae, magnetars Quark-nova stars Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) This class: Life cycle of high mass stars Supernovae Neutron stars, pulsars, pulsar wind nebulae, magnetars Quark-nova stars Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)!1 Cas$A$ All$Image$&$video$credits:$Chandra$X7ray$ Observatory$

More information

Fermi: Highlights of GeV Gamma-ray Astronomy

Fermi: Highlights of GeV Gamma-ray Astronomy Fermi: Highlights of GeV Gamma-ray Astronomy Dave Thompson NASA GSFC On behalf of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Large Area Telescope Collaboration Neutrino Oscillation Workshop Otranto, Lecce, Italy

More information

Neutron Stars. Properties of Neutron Stars. Formation of Neutron Stars. Chapter 14. Neutron Stars and Black Holes. Topics for Today s Class

Neutron Stars. Properties of Neutron Stars. Formation of Neutron Stars. Chapter 14. Neutron Stars and Black Holes. Topics for Today s Class Foundations of Astronomy 13e Seeds Phys1403 Introductory Astronomy Instructor: Dr. Goderya Chapter 14 Neutron Stars and Black Holes Cengage Learning 2016 Topics for Today s Class Neutron Stars What is

More information

1.3 Accretion power in astrophysics

1.3 Accretion power in astrophysics 1.3 Accretion power in astrophysics Accretion power in astrophysics The strong gravitational force of the compact object attracts matter from the companion grav.energy ---> Accretion -----> radiation The

More information

Stars and their properties: (Chapters 11 and 12)

Stars and their properties: (Chapters 11 and 12) Stars and their properties: (Chapters 11 and 12) To classify stars we determine the following properties for stars: 1. Distance : Needed to determine how much energy stars produce and radiate away by using

More information

Advanced Stellar Astrophysics

Advanced Stellar Astrophysics v Advanced Stellar Astrophysics William K. Rose University of Maryland College Park CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface xiii Star formation and stellar evolution: an overview 1 1 A short history

More information

Foundations of Astrophysics

Foundations of Astrophysics Foundations of Astrophysics Barbara Ryden The Ohio State University Bradley M. Peterson The Ohio State University Preface xi 1 Early Astronomy 1 1.1 The Celestial Sphere 1 1.2 Coordinate Systems on a Sphere

More information

THIRD-YEAR ASTROPHYSICS

THIRD-YEAR ASTROPHYSICS THIRD-YEAR ASTROPHYSICS Problem Set: Stellar Structure and Evolution (Dr Ph Podsiadlowski, Michaelmas Term 2006) 1 Measuring Stellar Parameters Sirius is a visual binary with a period of 4994 yr Its measured

More information

Sources of GeV Photons and the Fermi Results

Sources of GeV Photons and the Fermi Results Sources of GeV Photons and the Fermi Results 1. GeV instrumentation and the GeV sky with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope 2. First Fermi Catalog of Gamma Ray Sources and the Fermi Pulsar Catalog 3.

More information

X-ray data analysis. Andrea Marinucci. Università degli Studi Roma Tre

X-ray data analysis. Andrea Marinucci. Università degli Studi Roma Tre X-ray data analysis Andrea Marinucci Università degli Studi Roma Tre marinucci@fis.uniroma3.it Goal of these lectures X-ray data analysis why? what? how? Why? Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) Physics in a

More information

INTEGRAL & Magnetars: a high energy approach to extreme neutron stars

INTEGRAL & Magnetars: a high energy approach to extreme neutron stars INTEGRAL & Magnetars: a high energy approach to extreme neutron stars Diego Götz CEA - Saclay - Irfu/Service d Astrophysique N. Rea (UvA), S. Zane (MSSL), R. Turolla (Uni Padova), M. Lyutikov (Purdue Univ.)

More information

Chapter 18 The Bizarre Stellar Graveyard

Chapter 18 The Bizarre Stellar Graveyard Chapter 18 The Bizarre Stellar Graveyard 18.1 White Dwarfs Our goals for learning What is a white dwarf? What can happen to a white dwarf in a close binary system? What is a white dwarf? White Dwarfs White

More information

Chapter 14: The Bizarre Stellar Graveyard

Chapter 14: The Bizarre Stellar Graveyard Lecture Outline Chapter 14: The Bizarre Stellar Graveyard 14.1 White Dwarfs Our goals for learning: What is a white dwarf? What can happen to a white dwarf in a close binary system? What is a white dwarf?

More information

Gamma-Ray Astronomy. Astro 129: Chapter 1a

Gamma-Ray Astronomy. Astro 129: Chapter 1a Gamma-Ray Bursts Gamma-Ray Astronomy Gamma rays are photons with energies > 100 kev and are produced by sub-atomic particle interactions. They are absorbed by our atmosphere making observations from satellites

More information

Analyzing X-Ray Pulses from Stellar Cores Pencil & Paper Version

Analyzing X-Ray Pulses from Stellar Cores Pencil & Paper Version Analyzing X-Ray Pulses from Stellar Cores Pencil & Paper Version Purpose: To determine if two end products of stellar evolution GK Per and Cen X-3 could be white dwarfs or neutron stars by calculating

More information

ASTR Midterm 2 Phil Armitage, Bruce Ferguson

ASTR Midterm 2 Phil Armitage, Bruce Ferguson ASTR 1120-001 Midterm 2 Phil Armitage, Bruce Ferguson SECOND MID-TERM EXAM MARCH 21 st 2006: Closed books and notes, 1 hour. Please PRINT your name and student ID on the places provided on the scan sheet.

More information

Isolated And Accreting Magnetars Viewed In Hard X-rays

Isolated And Accreting Magnetars Viewed In Hard X-rays The XXVII Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics Isolated And Accreting Magnetars Viewed In Hard X-rays Wei Wang National Astronomical Observatories, Beijing China Dec 8 13 2013, Dallas TX, USA Contents

More information

Thermonuclear shell flashes II: on WDs (or: classical novae)

Thermonuclear shell flashes II: on WDs (or: classical novae) : on WDs (or: classical novae) Observations Thermonuclear flash model Nova/X-ray burst comparison Effects of super-eddington fluxes To grow or not to grow = to go supernova Ia or not.. 1 Nova Cygni 1975

More information

The Stellar Graveyard

The Stellar Graveyard Life and Death of High Mass Stars (M > 8 M sun ) AST 101 Introduction to Astronomy: Stars & Galaxies Last stage: Iron core surrounded by shells of increasingly lighter elements. Announcements MIDTERM #2

More information

High Energy Astrophysics

High Energy Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysics Accretion Giampaolo Pisano Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics - University of Manchester giampaolo.pisano@manchester.ac.uk April 01 Accretion - Accretion efficiency - Eddington

More information

Relativistic Astrophysics Neutron Stars, Black Holes & Grav. W. ... A brief description of the course

Relativistic Astrophysics Neutron Stars, Black Holes & Grav. W. ... A brief description of the course Relativistic Astrophysics Neutron Stars, Black Holes & Grav. Waves... A brief description of the course May 2, 2009 Structure of the Course Introduction to General Theory of Relativity (2-3 weeks) Gravitational

More information

The population of Galactic X-ray bursters as seen by JEMX onboard INTEGRAL

The population of Galactic X-ray bursters as seen by JEMX onboard INTEGRAL The population of Galactic X-ray bursters as seen by JEMX onboard INTEGRAL Celia Sánchez-Fernández ISOC ESAC, Madrid, Spain In collaboration with: E. Kuulkers, D. Galloway, J. Chenevez C. Sanchez-Fernandez

More information

ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI: FROM THE CENTRAL BLACK HOLE TO THE GALACTIC ENVIRONMENT

ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI: FROM THE CENTRAL BLACK HOLE TO THE GALACTIC ENVIRONMENT Julian H. Krolik ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI: FROM THE CENTRAL BLACK HOLE TO THE GALACTIC ENVIRONMENT PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS Princeton, New Jersey Preface Guide for Readers xv xix 1. What Are Active Galactic

More information

The Stellar Graveyard Neutron Stars & White Dwarfs

The Stellar Graveyard Neutron Stars & White Dwarfs The Stellar Graveyard Neutron Stars & White Dwarfs White Dwarfs White dwarfs are the remaining cores of low-mass (M < 8M sun ) stars Electron degeneracy pressure supports them against gravity Density ~

More information

AST-1002 Section 0459 Review for Final Exam Please do not forget about doing the evaluation!

AST-1002 Section 0459 Review for Final Exam Please do not forget about doing the evaluation! AST-1002 Section 0459 Review for Final Exam Please do not forget about doing the evaluation! Bring pencil #2 with eraser No use of calculator or any electronic device during the exam We provide the scantrons

More information

MILLISECOND PULSARS. Merve Çolak

MILLISECOND PULSARS. Merve Çolak MILLISECOND PULSARS Merve Çolak OUTLINE Corbet Diagram (again) P-P(dot) Diagram MSPs and Their History Properties of MSPs Spin-up of Neutron Stars Spin-down of MSPs MSP Evolution Recent MSP Evolution Model

More information

Ultra Luminous X-ray sources ~one of the most curious objects in the universe~

Ultra Luminous X-ray sources ~one of the most curious objects in the universe~ Ultra Luminous X-ray sources ~one of the most curious objects in the universe~ Shogo B. Kobayashi the University of Tokyo ULX workshop@isas 1 The discovery of the enigmatic sources pfabbiano & Trincheri

More information

Millisecond X-ray pulsars: 10 years of progress. Maurizio Falanga

Millisecond X-ray pulsars: 10 years of progress. Maurizio Falanga Millisecond X-ray pulsars: 10 years of progress Maurizio Falanga History I Radio Astronomy in the 30 s-60 s Karl Jansky 1933 3C273 Discovery (1961-63) Quasi-Stellar Radio Sources as the most energetic

More information

FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF COMPACT BINARY SYSTEMS

FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF COMPACT BINARY SYSTEMS FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF COMPACT BINARY SYSTEMS Main Categories of Compact Systems Formation of Compact Objects Mass and Angular Momentum Loss Evolutionary Links to Classes of Binary Systems Future Work

More information

Gamma-ray Astrophysics with VERITAS: Exploring the violent Universe

Gamma-ray Astrophysics with VERITAS: Exploring the violent Universe Gamma-ray Astrophysics with VERITAS: Exploring the violent Universe K. Ragan McGill University Soup & Science 11-Jan-2008 Soup & Science Jan. '08 1 How do we know about the Universe? Historically, all

More information

Radio Observations of TeV and GeV emitting Supernova Remnants

Radio Observations of TeV and GeV emitting Supernova Remnants Radio Observations of TeV and GeV emitting Supernova Remnants Denis Leahy University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (collaborator Wenwu Tian, National Astronomical Observatories of China) outline

More information

4U E. Bozzo. M. Falanga, A. Papitto, L. Stella, R. Perna, D. Lazzati G. Israel, S. Campana, V. Mangano, T. Di Salvo, L.

4U E. Bozzo. M. Falanga, A. Papitto, L. Stella, R. Perna, D. Lazzati G. Israel, S. Campana, V. Mangano, T. Di Salvo, L. X-Ray Eclipse Time Delays in 4U2129+47 E. Bozzo M. Falanga, A. Papitto, L. Stella, R. Perna, D. Lazzati G. Israel, S. Campana, V. Mangano, T. Di Salvo, L. Burderi Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy

More information

Tidal disruption events from the first XMM-Newton Slew Survey

Tidal disruption events from the first XMM-Newton Slew Survey Tidal disruption events from the first XMM-Newton Slew Survey Pilar Esquej Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC) Richard Saxton, Stefanie Komossa, Andy Read, M. Sanchez-Portal et al. Tidal disruption events

More information

Accretion onto the Massive Black Hole in the Galactic Center. Eliot Quataert (UC Berkeley)

Accretion onto the Massive Black Hole in the Galactic Center. Eliot Quataert (UC Berkeley) Accretion onto the Massive Black Hole in the Galactic Center Eliot Quataert (UC Berkeley) Why focus on the Galactic Center? GR! Best evidence for a BH (stellar orbits) M 4x10 6 M Largest BH on the sky

More information

Phys 100 Astronomy (Dr. Ilias Fernini) Review Questions for Chapter 9

Phys 100 Astronomy (Dr. Ilias Fernini) Review Questions for Chapter 9 Phys 0 Astronomy (Dr. Ilias Fernini) Review Questions for Chapter 9 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. We know that giant stars are larger in diameter than the sun because * a. they are more luminous but have about the

More information

X-ray bursts and the equation of state

X-ray bursts and the equation of state X-ray bursts and the equation of state Juri Poutanen (Univ. of Oulu, Finland) with Valery Suleimanov, Klaus Werner (Tuebingen University), Jari Kajava, Joonas Nättilä, Outi-Marja Latvala (U. Oulu), Mikhail

More information

Brock University. Test 1, February, 2017 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02 Number of Students: 480 Date of Examination: February 6, 2017

Brock University. Test 1, February, 2017 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02 Number of Students: 480 Date of Examination: February 6, 2017 Brock University Test 1, February, 2017 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02 Number of Students: 480 Date of Examination: February 6, 2017 Number of hours: 50 min Time of Examination: 18:00 18:50 Instructor:

More information

The total luminosity of a disk with the viscous dissipation rate D(R) is

The total luminosity of a disk with the viscous dissipation rate D(R) is Chapter 10 Advanced Accretion Disks The total luminosity of a disk with the viscous dissipation rate D(R) is L disk = 2π D(R)RdR = 1 R 2 GM Ṁ. (10.1) R The disk luminosity is half of the total accretion

More information

(X-ray) binaries in γ-rays

(X-ray) binaries in γ-rays (X-ray) binaries in γ-rays Guillaume Dubus thanks to B. Cerutti, S. Corbel, R. Corbet, R. Dubois, G. Henri, A. Hill, M. de Naurois, J. Pétri, A. Szostek..., Fermi/LAT & HESS collaborations TIARA workshop

More information

Astrophysical techniques. Lecture 3: X-ray astronomy

Astrophysical techniques. Lecture 3: X-ray astronomy Astrophysical techniques Lecture 3: X-ray astronomy Peter Wheatley P.J.Wheatley@warwick.ac.uk Outline Introduction X-ray emission processes Instrumentation Practicalities Multi-wavelength astronomy UV

More information

Termination of Stars

Termination of Stars Termination of Stars Some Quantum Concepts Pauli Exclusion Principle: "Effectively limits the amount of certain kinds of stuff that can be crammed into a given space (particles with personal space ). When

More information

Physics HW Set 3 Spring 2015

Physics HW Set 3 Spring 2015 1) If the Sun were replaced by a one solar mass black hole 1) A) life here would be unchanged. B) we would still orbit it in a period of one year. C) all terrestrial planets would fall in immediately.

More information

Components of Galaxies Stars What Properties of Stars are Important for Understanding Galaxies?

Components of Galaxies Stars What Properties of Stars are Important for Understanding Galaxies? Components of Galaxies Stars What Properties of Stars are Important for Understanding Galaxies? Temperature Determines the λ range over which the radiation is emitted Chemical Composition metallicities

More information

Objectives. HR Diagram

Objectives. HR Diagram Objectives HR Diagram Questions from Yesterday Centripetal Force perpendicular to the rotation axis Acts to slow down collapse Strongest 90 deg from rotation axis Particles with an angle < 90 feel the

More information

Astronomy Ch. 22 Neutron Stars and Black Holes. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Astronomy Ch. 22 Neutron Stars and Black Holes. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Name: Period: Date: Astronomy Ch. 22 Neutron Stars and Black Holes MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) In a neutron star, the core

More information

Chapter 18 The Bizarre Stellar Graveyard. White Dwarfs. What is a white dwarf? Size of a White Dwarf White Dwarfs

Chapter 18 The Bizarre Stellar Graveyard. White Dwarfs. What is a white dwarf? Size of a White Dwarf White Dwarfs Chapter 18 The Bizarre Stellar Graveyard 18.1 White Dwarfs Our goals for learning What is a white dwarf? What can happen to a white dwarf in a close binary system? What is a white dwarf? White Dwarfs White

More information

X-ray Emission from Compact Objects

X-ray Emission from Compact Objects X-ray Emission from Compact Objects Lynn Cominsky XXVI SLAC Summer Institute on Particle Physics August 4, 1998 Lecture 2 8/4/98 L. Cominsky/SSI 1 Introduction How X-ray data are used to determine fundamental

More information

The Secret Life of Neutron Stars. Jeremy Heyl Harvard-Smithsonian CfA

The Secret Life of Neutron Stars. Jeremy Heyl Harvard-Smithsonian CfA The Secret Life of Neutron Stars Jeremy Heyl Harvard-Smithsonian CfA The Life of a 10 M Star PNS 10 5 yr 10 6 yr 10 7 yr 10 8 yr 10 9 yr 10 10 yr PMS MS Radio Pulsars Thermal Accretion-, Nuclear-, GWpowered

More information

Thermal pressure vs. magnetic pressure

Thermal pressure vs. magnetic pressure Thermal pressure vs. magnetic pressure The Earth The auroral oval: bremsstrahlung and lines induced by electrons precipitating through the Earth s magnetic field (LX ~ 10 14 erg/s ~ 2 kg TNT equivalent/s)

More information

Quasars and AGN. What are quasars and how do they differ from galaxies? What powers AGN s. Jets and outflows from QSOs and AGNs

Quasars and AGN. What are quasars and how do they differ from galaxies? What powers AGN s. Jets and outflows from QSOs and AGNs Goals: Quasars and AGN What are quasars and how do they differ from galaxies? What powers AGN s. Jets and outflows from QSOs and AGNs Discovery of Quasars Radio Observations of the Sky Reber (an amateur

More information

Brock University. Test 1, January, 2015 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02 Number of Students: 500 Date of Examination: January 29, 2015

Brock University. Test 1, January, 2015 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02 Number of Students: 500 Date of Examination: January 29, 2015 Brock University Test 1, January, 2015 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P02 Number of Students: 500 Date of Examination: January 29, 2015 Number of hours: 50 min Time of Examination: 18:00 15:50 Instructor:

More information

Accretion Disks. Review: Stellar Remnats. Lecture 12: Black Holes & the Milky Way A2020 Prof. Tom Megeath 2/25/10. Review: Creating Stellar Remnants

Accretion Disks. Review: Stellar Remnats. Lecture 12: Black Holes & the Milky Way A2020 Prof. Tom Megeath 2/25/10. Review: Creating Stellar Remnants Lecture 12: Black Holes & the Milky Way A2020 Prof. Tom Megeath Review: Creating Stellar Remnants Binaries may be destroyed in white dwarf supernova Binaries be converted into black holes Review: Stellar

More information

Theoretical aspects of microquasars

Theoretical aspects of microquasars Theoretical aspects of microquasars Bingxiao Xu Department of Physics & Astronomy, GSU ABSTRACT: Microquasars (black hole X-ray binaries with relativistic jets) are first found by means of multiwavelengths

More information

Star Death ( ) High Mass Star. Red Supergiant. Supernova + Remnant. Neutron Star

Star Death ( ) High Mass Star. Red Supergiant. Supernova + Remnant. Neutron Star Star Death High Mass Star Red Supergiant A star with mass between 8 M and 20 M will become a red supergiant and will subsequently experience a supernova explosion. The core of this star will have a mass

More information

GRB history. Discovered 1967 Vela satellites. classified! Published 1973! Ruderman 1974 Texas: More theories than bursts!

GRB history. Discovered 1967 Vela satellites. classified! Published 1973! Ruderman 1974 Texas: More theories than bursts! Discovered 1967 Vela satellites classified! Published 1973! GRB history Ruderman 1974 Texas: More theories than bursts! Burst diversity E peak ~ 300 kev Non-thermal spectrum In some thermal contrib. Short

More information

Accretion disks. AGN-7:HR-2007 p. 1. AGN-7:HR-2007 p. 2

Accretion disks. AGN-7:HR-2007 p. 1. AGN-7:HR-2007 p. 2 Accretion disks AGN-7:HR-2007 p. 1 AGN-7:HR-2007 p. 2 1 Quantitative overview Gas orbits in nearly circular fashion Each gas element has a small inward motion due to viscous torques, resulting in an outward

More information

Analysis of Off-Nuclear X-Ray Sources in Galaxy NGC Sarah M. Harrison

Analysis of Off-Nuclear X-Ray Sources in Galaxy NGC Sarah M. Harrison SLAC-TN-6-19 August 26 Analysis of Off-Nuclear X-Ray Sources in Galaxy NGC 4945 Sarah M. Harrison Office of Science, Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship (SULI) Massachusetts Institute of Technology

More information

Probing Extreme Physics with Compact Objects

Probing Extreme Physics with Compact Objects Probing Extreme Physics with Compact Objects Dong Lai Department of Astronomy Cornell University Extremes in Astrophysics: Most energetic particles: 10 20 ev Most energetic photons: 10 14 ev Highest temperature:

More information

Simultaneous X-ray and Radio Observations of Seyferts, and Disk-Jet Connections

Simultaneous X-ray and Radio Observations of Seyferts, and Disk-Jet Connections Simultaneous X-ray and Radio Observations of Seyferts, and Disk-Jet Connections Ashley Lianne King, University of Michigan Advisor: Jon M. Miller Collaborators: John Raymond, Michael Rupen, Kayhan Gültekin,

More information

Rotating RAdio Transients (RRATs) ApJ, 2006, 646, L139 Nature, 2006, 439, 817 Astro-ph/

Rotating RAdio Transients (RRATs) ApJ, 2006, 646, L139 Nature, 2006, 439, 817 Astro-ph/ Rotating RAdio Transients (RRATs) ApJ, 2006, 646, L139 Nature, 2006, 439, 817 Astro-ph/0608311 Introduction 11 Rotating RAdio Transients (RRATs) (Mclaughlin et al 2006) Repeated, irregular radio bursts

More information

The γ-ray flares from Cygnus X-3 detected by AGILE

The γ-ray flares from Cygnus X-3 detected by AGILE The γ-ray flares from Cygnus X-3 detected by AGILE (INAF-IAPS Roma) on behalf of the AGILE Team AGILE 9th Science Workshop Astrophysics with AGILE: five years of surprise ASDC c/o ESRIN, Frascati, April

More information

Chapter 18 Reading Quiz Clickers. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. The Bizarre Stellar Graveyard Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 18 Reading Quiz Clickers. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. The Bizarre Stellar Graveyard Pearson Education, Inc. Reading Quiz Clickers The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition The Bizarre Stellar Graveyard 18.1 White Dwarfs What is a white dwarf? What can happen to a white dwarf in a close binary system? What supports

More information

The Milky Way Galaxy. Some thoughts. How big is it? What does it look like? How did it end up this way? What is it made up of?

The Milky Way Galaxy. Some thoughts. How big is it? What does it look like? How did it end up this way? What is it made up of? Some thoughts The Milky Way Galaxy How big is it? What does it look like? How did it end up this way? What is it made up of? Does it change 2 3 4 5 This is not a constant zoom The Milky Way Almost everything

More information

X-ray Observations of Nearby Galaxies

X-ray Observations of Nearby Galaxies X-ray Observations of Nearby Galaxies Wolfgang Pietsch Max Planck Institut für extraterrestrische Physik XMM-Newton EPIC view of the starburst galaxy NGC 253 Wolfgang Pietsch Max Planck Institut für extraterrestrische

More information

A New View of the High-Energy γ-ray Sky with the Fermi Telescope

A New View of the High-Energy γ-ray Sky with the Fermi Telescope A New View of the High-Energy γ-ray Sky with the Fermi Telescope Aurelien Bouvier KIPAC/SLAC, Stanford University On behalf of the Fermi collaboration SNOWPAC, 2010 The Fermi observatory Launch: June 11

More information

Astronomy Ch. 21 Stellar Explosions. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Astronomy Ch. 21 Stellar Explosions. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Name: Period: Date: Astronomy Ch. 21 Stellar Explosions MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) A surface explosion on a white dwarf, caused

More information

Binary systems with accretion onto compact object

Binary systems with accretion onto compact object Micro-quasars 1 Binary systems with accretion onto compact object Cataclysmic variables X binaries White dwarf Neutron star Black hole Classification based on the mass of the donor star: LOW-MASS X-RAY

More information

PoS(extremesky2009)103

PoS(extremesky2009)103 The study of the nature of sources AX J1749.1 2733 and AX J1749.2 2725 D. I. Karasev Space Research Institute, Profsoyuznaya str. 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russia E-mail: dkarasev@iki.rssi.ru Space Research

More information

X-ray binaries. Marat Gilfanov MPA, Garching

X-ray binaries. Marat Gilfanov MPA, Garching X-ray binaries Marat Gilfanov MPA, Garching Outline observational appearance populations in galaxies relation to star-formation history numbers, luminosity distributions, IMF Hans-Jakob Grimm (CfA) Igor

More information

High-Energy Astrophysics

High-Energy Astrophysics Oxford Physics: Part C Major Option Astrophysics High-Energy Astrophysics Garret Cotter garret@astro.ox.ac.uk Office 756 DWB Michaelmas 2011 Lecture 7 Today s lecture: Accretion Discs Part I The Eddington

More information

(Anomalous) X-Ray Pulsars. Vicky Kaspi. Montreal, Canada. Stanford December 16, 2004

(Anomalous) X-Ray Pulsars. Vicky Kaspi. Montreal, Canada. Stanford December 16, 2004 (Anomalous) X-Ray Pulsars Vicky Kaspi Montreal, Canada Texas @ Stanford December 16, 2004 Summary Introduction to AXPs Evidence that AXPs are magnetars Open Issues and Recent Results: IR emission Transient

More information

Cooling Neutron Stars. What we actually see.

Cooling Neutron Stars. What we actually see. Cooling Neutron Stars What we actually see. The Equilibrium We discussed the equilibrium in neutron star cores through this reaction (direct Urca). nëp + e à + ö e ö n = ö p + ö e + ö öe Does the reaction

More information

Broadband X-ray emission from radio-quiet Active Galactic Nuclei

Broadband X-ray emission from radio-quiet Active Galactic Nuclei 29 th ASI Meeting ASI Conference Series, 2011, Vol. 3, pp 19 23 Edited by Pushpa Khare & C. H. Ishwara-Chandra Broadband X-ray emission from radio-quiet Active Galactic Nuclei G. C. Dewangan Inter-University

More information

Atomic Structure & Radiative Transitions

Atomic Structure & Radiative Transitions Atomic Structure & Radiative Transitions electron kinetic energy nucleus-electron interaction electron-electron interaction Remember the meaning of spherical harmonics Y l, m (θ, ϕ) n specifies the

More information

Astronomy 1504 Section 002 Astronomy 1514 Section 10 Midterm 2, Version 1 October 19, 2012

Astronomy 1504 Section 002 Astronomy 1514 Section 10 Midterm 2, Version 1 October 19, 2012 Astronomy 1504 Section 002 Astronomy 1514 Section 10 Midterm 2, Version 1 October 19, 2012 Choose the answer that best completes the question. Read each problem carefully and read through all the answers.

More information

Gamma-ray binaries as pulsars spectral & variability behaviour Guillaume Dubus. Laboratoire d Astrophysique de Grenoble UMR 5571 UJF / CNRS

Gamma-ray binaries as pulsars spectral & variability behaviour Guillaume Dubus. Laboratoire d Astrophysique de Grenoble UMR 5571 UJF / CNRS Gamma-ray binaries as pulsars spectral & variability behaviour Guillaume Dubus Laboratoire d Astrophysique de Grenoble UMR 5571 UJF / CNRS Image: Mirabel 2006 1 Pulsars & massive stars Young pulsars, magnetic

More information

High Energy Astrophysics

High Energy Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysics Introduction Giampaolo Pisano Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics - University of Manchester giampaolo.pisano@manchester.ac.uk January 2012 Today s introduction - The sky at different

More information

Black Holes and Active Galactic Nuclei

Black Holes and Active Galactic Nuclei Black Holes and Active Galactic Nuclei A black hole is a region of spacetime from which gravity prevents anything, including light, from escaping. The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently

More information

Astronomy 104: Second Exam

Astronomy 104: Second Exam Astronomy 104: Second Exam Stephen Lepp October 29, 2014 Each question is worth 2 points. Write your name on this exam and on the scantron. Short Answer A The Sun is powered by converting hydrogen to what?

More information

Tracing a Z-track in the M 31 X-ray binary RX J

Tracing a Z-track in the M 31 X-ray binary RX J A&A 411, 553 557 (2003) DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20031513 c ESO 2003 Astronomy & Astrophysics Tracing a Z-track in the M 31 X-ray binary RX J0042.6+4115 R. Barnard 1,U.Kolb 1, and J. P. Osborne 2 1 The Department

More information

Our View of the Milky Way. 23. The Milky Way Galaxy

Our View of the Milky Way. 23. The Milky Way Galaxy 23. The Milky Way Galaxy The Sun s location in the Milky Way galaxy Nonvisible Milky Way galaxy observations The Milky Way has spiral arms Dark matter in the Milky Way galaxy Density waves produce spiral

More information

Binary Evolution Novae, Supernovae, and X-ray Sources

Binary Evolution Novae, Supernovae, and X-ray Sources Binary Evolution Novae, Supernovae, and X-ray Sources The Algol Mystery Algol is a double-lined eclipsing binary system with a period of about 3 days (very short). The two stars are: Star A: B8, 3.4M o

More information

National Science Olympiad Astronomy C Division Event 19 May 2012 University of Central Florida Orlando, FL

National Science Olympiad Astronomy C Division Event 19 May 2012 University of Central Florida Orlando, FL National Science Olympiad Astronomy C Division Event 19 May 2012 University of Central Florida Orlando, FL Artist Illustration of Red Giant, White Dwarf and Accretion Disk (Wikimedia) TEAM NUMBER: TEAM

More information

Chapter 3 Observational Characteristics of X-ray Binaries

Chapter 3 Observational Characteristics of X-ray Binaries Chapter 3 Observational Characteristics of X-ray Binaries 1. Introduction More than 300 galactic X-ray binaries, with L x ~ 10 34-10 38 ergs -1. Concentrated towards the galactic center and the galactic

More information

The Death of Stars. Today s Lecture: Post main-sequence (Chapter 13, pages ) How stars explode: supernovae! White dwarfs Neutron stars

The Death of Stars. Today s Lecture: Post main-sequence (Chapter 13, pages ) How stars explode: supernovae! White dwarfs Neutron stars The Death of Stars Today s Lecture: Post main-sequence (Chapter 13, pages 296-323) How stars explode: supernovae! White dwarfs Neutron stars White dwarfs Roughly the size of the Earth with the mass of

More information