The Origin of Modern Astronomy. Nicolai Copernicus ( )

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The Origin of Modern Astronomy. Nicolai Copernicus ( )"

Transcription

1 The Origin of Modern Astronomy Nicolai Copernicus ( )

2 Goals for Today Complete our study of the Moon: lunar phases, the Sun-Earth-Moon geometry, and the eclipses Tides and their origin Earth's place in the cosmos; a little bit of history

3 Assigned Reading Unit 10: Geometry of Sun, Earth, and Moon Unit 19: Tides Units 11 and 12: Understanding the Motions of Planets, and the Birth of Modern Astronomy

4 Announcements Homework # 1 starts today; it is due on Thursday, Sept 29th Astronomy Helpdesk is now available: Mondays through Thursdays, 7-9 pm, in Hasbrouck 110

5 Lunar Phases

6 Survey Question A third quarter moon is rising. What time is it? 1) sunset 2) sunrise 3) midnight 4) noon

7 Survey Question A third quarter moon is rising. What time is it? 1) sunset 2) sunrise 3) midnight 4) noon

8 Earth Rising on the Moon Apollo 11

9 Survey Question In this picture of the Earth rising, what is the predominant direction of the sun in relation to the observer? 1) above the observer 2) below the observer 3) behind the observer 4) behind the Earth

10 Survey Question In this picture of the Earth rising, what is the predominant direction of the sun in relation to the observer? 1) above the observer 2) below the observer 3) behind the observer 4) behind the Earth

11 Solar Eclipses

12 The Sun is physically 400 times larger than the Moon.! Why can it be obscured by the Moon?!

13 Angle diameter (in radians) = diameter/distance Full circle = 2! (in radians)=360 degrees=360 o 1 o =60 arminutes = 60 1 = 60 arcseconds = 60 The Sun is 400 times further away than the Moon

14 Angular Size Some Examples:! Horizon to zenith (point overhead)!! 90 o! Your fist at arm's length!!!! 10 o! Sun or Moon seen from Earth!!0.5 o = 30'! Smallest detail visible to naked eye! 1' = 60''!! Smallest detail visible by a single telescope from!earth's surface:!1''!! Angular size of Pluto: 0.15!! Betelgeuse (largest star) seen from Earth 0.004''!!

15 Geometry of Moon and Sun Both the Moon and the Sun have angular diameter of about 0.5 degree, the exact value at a given time depending on the exact distance. Therefore, we can periodically have solar eclipses

16 !! Geometry of Solar Eclipses

17

18

19

20

21

22

23 Looking Back on an Eclipsed Earth; 1999 August 11! Credit: Mir Space Station Crew!

24 Annular Eclipse October 3, 2005

25 Total and Annular Eclipse

26 It takes about an hour for the moon to cover the sun. Why? The moon moves at an angular speed of! 360 deg/(28x24 hr) = 0.5 deg/hr.!! The angular size of the moon is about 0.5 deg.!!

27 How come there isn't an eclipse every full moon and new moon? The main reason is that the moon s orbit is tilted from the earth s orbit.!! However, twice a year the nodes of the moon s orbit will align with the Earth-Sun direction, and total eclipses will be possible.!! A total eclipse from a given point on the surface of the Earth is not a common occurrence. For example, next solar eclipse in the USA will occur on 21 August 2017; the following one will be on 8 April 2024.!

28 Survey Question The phase of the moon at a solar eclipse is? a) new b) 1 st quarter c) full d) it depends on the year

29 Survey Question The phase of the moon at a solar eclipse is? a) new b) 1 st quarter c) full d) it depends on the year

30 Lunar Eclipse (the Moon in the Earth s Shadow)!!

31

32 Effects of Moon on Earth: Tides To sun

33 Spring Tides Occur at every new and full moon

34 Neap tides! Occur at every first- and third-quarter moon

35 Friction drags the tidal bulges eastward out of the direct earth-moon line Earth's rotation slows down by s/100 years.! Only 900 million years ago, Earth' day was 18 hrs long.! The moon's orbit is growing larger by about 4 cm/yr.!

36 We see only one side of the moon, because the tidal friction has slowed the rotation of the moon so that its rotation and revolution are synchronized

37 And Now, Onto the Discussion of the Birth of Modern Astronomy!

38 Archeoastronomy There is evidence that Human kind has paid very closed attention to the sky, its motions and periodicity. Archeoastronomy is a blend of superstition, astrology, religion, but also common sense Greeks were the first to try to understand (logically) the universe. Pythagoras: universe ruled by geometrical, mathematical relationship --- This notions still fundamental today All ingredients there for the methods of modern science: have a theory and test it against reality the theory may or may not survive Ultimately, Greek science still a blend of scientific method and philosophical believes. True scientific method had to wait for Galileo

39 Not to scale

40 Aristotle Universe: Three Basic Assumptions The Earth was at the center of the Universe. The only motion in the heavens was uniform circular motion The heavens were more perfect than the Earth, and objects in the heavens were eternal.

41 "Common Sense" If the Earth actually spun on an axis, why didn't objects fly off the spinning Earth? If the Earth was revolving around the sun, why didn't it leave behind the birds flying in the air? If the Earth were actually on an orbit around the sun, why wasn't a parallax effect observed?

42 Two problems for the Geocentric model: (1) Change of brightness (2) Retrograde Motion Ptolemy Solution: add a special fix: epicycle (circle on circle) Brightness changes because of distance change

43 Ptolemic Model

44 The Copernican Revolution: The Heliocentric System Nicolai Copernicus ( ). "The Sun, not the Earth, was the center of the Solar System. "The Earth is just another planet (the third outward from the Sun), and the Moon is in orbit around the Earth, not the Sun. "The stars are distant objects that do not revolve around the Sun.

45

46 Retrograde Motion and Varying Brightness of the Planets " The planets in such a system naturally vary in brightness because they are not always the same distance from the Earth. " The retrograde motion could be explained in terms of geometry and a faster motion for planets with smaller orbits.

47 Galileo Galilei Galileo discovered that:! our Moon has craters (is a `mound of rocks );! Jupiter has it's own moons;! the Sun has spots;! Venus has phases like our Moon; The `heavens are imperfect! ( ), Italian These discoveries confirmed the Copernican hypothesis that the Earth was just another planet.

48 Imperfect and Changing Universe Sun had dark patches on Sun. The motion of such sunspots indicated that the Sun was rotating on an axis. Jupiter had 4 moons; thus planets could have moons circling it that would not be left behind as the planet moved around its orbit The Moon was not smooth, but was covered by mountains and craters.

49 The Phases of Venus Venus goes through a complete set of phases, just like the Moon. This was the first empirical evidence that allowed a definitive test of the geocentric and heliocentric models.

50 The introduction of the `scientific method (formulate an hypothesis, test the hypothesis against reality, verify or discard the hypothesis if data do not confirm it) marks the birth of Modern Science, and Astronomy

Ch. 22 Origin of Modern Astronomy Pretest

Ch. 22 Origin of Modern Astronomy Pretest Ch. 22 Origin of Modern Astronomy Pretest Ch. 22 Origin of Modern Astronomy Pretest 1. True or False: Early Greek astronomers (600 B.C. A.D. 150) used telescopes to observe the stars. Ch. 22 Origin of

More information

Copernican Revolution. Motions of the sky. Motions of the sky. Copernican Revolution: questions on reading assignment

Copernican Revolution. Motions of the sky. Motions of the sky. Copernican Revolution: questions on reading assignment Copernican Revolution Motion of the sun & planets Ptolemy s Almagest Copernicus de Revolutionibus Orbium Caelestium, (Concerning Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres), 1543 Galileo refutes Ptolemy with

More information

Earth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens

Earth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens Earth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens Origins of Modern Astronomy Earth Science, 13e Chapter 21 Stanley C. Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College Early history of astronomy Ancient Greeks Used philosophical

More information

Planets & The Origin of Science

Planets & The Origin of Science Planets & The Origin of Science Reading: Chapter 2 Required: Guided Discovery (p.44-47) Required: Astro. Toolbox 2-1 Optional: Astro. Toolbox 2-2, 2-3 Next Homework Due. Sept. 26 Office Hours: Monday,

More information

Planets & The Origin of Science

Planets & The Origin of Science Planets & The Origin of Science Reading: Chapter 2 Required: Guided Discovery (p.44-47) Required: Astro. Toolbox 2-1 Optional: Astro. Toolbox 2-2, 2-3 Next Homework Due. Feb. 26 Office Hours: Monday, 12-2

More information

History of Astronomy. PHYS 1411 Introduction to Astronomy. Tycho Brahe and Exploding Stars. Tycho Brahe ( ) Chapter 4. Renaissance Period

History of Astronomy. PHYS 1411 Introduction to Astronomy. Tycho Brahe and Exploding Stars. Tycho Brahe ( ) Chapter 4. Renaissance Period PHYS 1411 Introduction to Astronomy History of Astronomy Chapter 4 Renaissance Period Copernicus new (and correct) explanation for retrograde motion of the planets Copernicus new (and correct) explanation

More information

Final key scientist in this story: Galileo Galilei

Final key scientist in this story: Galileo Galilei Announcements Astronomy 101: 9/30/2008 Exam study materials are posted on the course web page, and a practice exam is available in OWL. Homework 2 is now available on the OWL Due 10/01/08 before midnight

More information

Chapter 2. The Rise of Astronomy. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Chapter 2. The Rise of Astronomy. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 2 The Rise of Astronomy Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Periods of Western Astronomy Western astronomy divides into 4 periods Prehistoric

More information

Copernican Revolution 15 Jan. Copernican Revolution: questions on reading assignment

Copernican Revolution 15 Jan. Copernican Revolution: questions on reading assignment Copernican Revolution 15 Jan Final exam is Wed, May 6 th, not 5 th. Questions on reading Motion of the sun & planets Ptolemy s Almagest Copernicus de Revolutionibus Orbium Caelestium, (Concerning Revolutions

More information

Things to do today. Terminal, Astronomy is Fun. Lecture 24 The Science of Astronomy. Scientific Thinking. After this lecture, please pick up:

Things to do today. Terminal, Astronomy is Fun. Lecture 24 The Science of Astronomy. Scientific Thinking. After this lecture, please pick up: Things to do today After this lecture, please pick up: Review questions for the final exam Homework#6 (due next Tuesday) No class on Thursday (Thanksgiving) Final exam on December 2 (next Thursday) Terminal,

More information

Astr 1050 Mon. Jan. 31, 2017

Astr 1050 Mon. Jan. 31, 2017 Astr 1050 Mon. Jan. 31, 2017 Finish Ch. 2: Eclipses & Planetary Motion Seasons Angular Size formula Eclipses Planetary Motion Reading: For Today: Finish Chapter 2 For Monday: Start Chapter 3 Homework on

More information

Practice Test DeAnza College Astronomy 04 Test 1 Spring Quarter 2009

Practice Test DeAnza College Astronomy 04 Test 1 Spring Quarter 2009 Practice Test DeAnza College Astronomy 04 Test 1 Spring Quarter 2009 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Mark answer on Scantron.

More information

Announcements. Astronomical perspective. The Greek Model of the Solar System Geocentric model (because the Earth is at the center)

Announcements. Astronomical perspective. The Greek Model of the Solar System Geocentric model (because the Earth is at the center) Astronomy 101: 9/25/2008 Announcements Exam study materials will be posted on the course web page tomorrow. Homework 2 is now available on the OWL Due 10/01/08 before midnight 1st midterm: 10/2/08 Midterms

More information

PHYS 160 Astronomy Test #1 Fall 2017 Version B

PHYS 160 Astronomy Test #1 Fall 2017 Version B PHYS 160 Astronomy Test #1 Fall 2017 Version B 1 I. True/False (1 point each) Circle the T if the statement is true, or F if the statement is false on your answer sheet. 1. An object has the same weight,

More information

3) During retrograde motion a planet appears to be A) dimmer than usual. B) the same brightness as usual C) brighter than usual.

3) During retrograde motion a planet appears to be A) dimmer than usual. B) the same brightness as usual C) brighter than usual. Descriptive Astronomy (ASTR 108) Exam 1 B February 17, 2010 Name: In each of the following multiple choice questions, select the best possible answer. In the line on the scan sheet corresponding to the

More information

1) Kepler's third law allows us to find the average distance to a planet from observing its period of rotation on its axis.

1) Kepler's third law allows us to find the average distance to a planet from observing its period of rotation on its axis. Descriptive Astronomy (ASTR 108) Exam 1 A February 17, 2010 Name: In each of the following multiple choice questions, select the best possible answer. In the line on the scan sheet corresponding to the

More information

Earth Science, 11e. Origin of Modern Astronomy Chapter 21. Early history of astronomy. Early history of astronomy. Early history of astronomy

Earth Science, 11e. Origin of Modern Astronomy Chapter 21. Early history of astronomy. Early history of astronomy. Early history of astronomy 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 21 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors

More information

ASTRONOMY. Chapter 2 OBSERVING THE SKY: THE BIRTH OF ASTRONOMY PowerPoint Image Slideshow

ASTRONOMY. Chapter 2 OBSERVING THE SKY: THE BIRTH OF ASTRONOMY PowerPoint Image Slideshow ASTRONOMY Chapter 2 OBSERVING THE SKY: THE BIRTH OF ASTRONOMY PowerPoint Image Slideshow FIGURE 2.1 Night Sky. In this panoramic photograph of the night sky from the Atacama Desert in Chile, we can see

More information

The Puzzle of Planetary Motion versus

The Puzzle of Planetary Motion versus The Puzzle of Planetary Motion versus Finding Earth s place in the Universe Observing the Planets Five of the planets are bright enough to be seen by the unaided eye. This view shows the sky after sunset

More information

Remember that for one of your observing projects you can go to a star party (stargazing). This is available at the Lawrence Hall of Science every 1st

Remember that for one of your observing projects you can go to a star party (stargazing). This is available at the Lawrence Hall of Science every 1st Observing Project Remember that for one of your observing projects you can go to a star party (stargazing). This is available at the Lawrence Hall of Science every 1st and 3rd Saturday of the month. For

More information

Ancient Cosmology: A Flat Earth. Alexandria

Ancient Cosmology: A Flat Earth. Alexandria Today Competing Cosmologies Geocentric vs. Heliocentric Ptolemy vs. copernicus Retrograde Motion Phases of Venus Galileo FIRST HOMEWORK DUE How d it work? Ancient Cosmology: A Flat Earth Here there be

More information

Chapter 2 The Copernican Revolution

Chapter 2 The Copernican Revolution Chapter 2 The Copernican Revolution Units of Chapter 2 2.1 Ancient Astronomy 2.2 The Geocentric Universe 2.3 The Heliocentric Model of the Solar System The Foundations of the Copernican Revolution 2.4

More information

Most of the time during full and new phases, the Moon lies above or below the Sun in the sky.

Most of the time during full and new phases, the Moon lies above or below the Sun in the sky. 6/16 Eclipses: We don t have eclipses every month because the plane of the Moon s orbit about the Earth is different from the plane the ecliptic, the Earth s orbital plane about the Sun. The planes of

More information

a. 0.1 AU b. 10 AU c light years d light years

a. 0.1 AU b. 10 AU c light years d light years 1 AST104 Sp2006: EXAM 1 Multiple Choice Questions: Mark the best answer choice on the bubble form. Read all answer choices before making selection. (No credit given when multiple answers are marked.) 1.

More information

Ast ch 4-5 practice Test Multiple Choice

Ast ch 4-5 practice Test Multiple Choice Ast ch 4-5 practice Test Multiple Choice 1. The distance from Alexandria to Syene is about 500 miles. On the summer solstice the sun is directly overhead at noon in Syene. At Alexandria on the summer solstice,

More information

Unit 2: Celestial Mechanics

Unit 2: Celestial Mechanics Unit 2: Celestial Mechanics The position of the Earth Ptolemy (90 168 AD) Made tables that allowed a user to locate the position of a planet at any past, present, or future date. In order to maintain circular

More information

Announcements. Topics To Be Covered in this Lecture

Announcements. Topics To Be Covered in this Lecture Announcements! Tonight s observing session is cancelled (due to clouds)! the next one will be one week from now, weather permitting! The 2 nd LearningCurve activity was due earlier today! Assignment 2

More information

Introduction To Modern Astronomy I

Introduction To Modern Astronomy I ASTR 111 003 Fall 2006 Lecture 03 Sep. 18, 2006 Introduction To Modern Astronomy I Introducing Astronomy (chap. 1-6) Planets and Moons (chap. 7-17) Ch1: Astronomy and the Universe Ch2: Knowing the Heavens

More information

The Birth of Astronomy. Lecture 3 1/24/2018

The Birth of Astronomy. Lecture 3 1/24/2018 The Birth of Astronomy Lecture 3 1/24/2018 Fundamental Questions of Astronomy (life?) What is the shape of the Earth? How big is the planet we live on? Why do the stars move across the sky? Where is Earth

More information

Observing the Universe for Yourself

Observing the Universe for Yourself Observing the Universe for Yourself Figure 6-20 Solar-System Formation What does the universe look like from Earth? With the naked eye, we can see more than 2,000 stars as well as the Milky Way. A constellation

More information

Astronomy 103: First Exam

Astronomy 103: First Exam Name: Astronomy 103: First Exam Stephen Lepp September 21, 2010 Each question is worth 2 points. Write your name on this exam and on the scantron. Short Answer Mercury What is the closest Planet to the

More information

Now on to scales in the. Let s change scale by TWO orders of magnitude at a time and see what happens.

Now on to scales in the. Let s change scale by TWO orders of magnitude at a time and see what happens. Announcements Read 2.1 (Magnitude & Flux), 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 In-class Quiz #1 on Tuesday, January 29. Homework #2 due in class on Thursday, January 31. Disability Services is in need of a note taker for this

More information

In so many and such important. ways, then, do the planets bear witness to the earth's mobility. Nicholas Copernicus

In so many and such important. ways, then, do the planets bear witness to the earth's mobility. Nicholas Copernicus In so many and such important ways, then, do the planets bear witness to the earth's mobility Nicholas Copernicus What We Will Learn Today What did it take to revise an age old belief? What is the Copernican

More information

Origins of Modern Astronomy

Origins of Modern Astronomy PHYS 1411 Introduction to Astronomy Origins of Modern Astronomy Chapter 4 Topics in Chapter 4 Chapter 4 talks about the history of Astronomy and the development of the model of the solar system. Brief

More information

Brock University. Test 1, May 2014 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P01 Number of Students: 500 Date of Examination: May 21, 2014

Brock University. Test 1, May 2014 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P01 Number of Students: 500 Date of Examination: May 21, 2014 Brock University Test 1, May 2014 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P01 Number of Students: 500 Date of Examination: May 21, 2014 Number of hours: 50 min Time of Examination: 14:00 14:50 Instructor: B.Mitrović

More information

Name: Exam 1, 9/30/05

Name: Exam 1, 9/30/05 Multiple Choice: Select the choice that best answers each question. Write your choice in the blank next to each number. (2 points each) 1. At the North Pole in mid-november, the sun rises at a. North of

More information

Early Models of the Universe. How we explained those big shiny lights in the sky

Early Models of the Universe. How we explained those big shiny lights in the sky Early Models of the Universe How we explained those big shiny lights in the sky The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384 322 BCE) believed that the Earth was the center of our universe, and everything rotated

More information

Lecture #4: Plan. Early Ideas of the Heavens (cont d): Geocentric Universe Heliocentric Universe

Lecture #4: Plan. Early Ideas of the Heavens (cont d): Geocentric Universe Heliocentric Universe Lecture #4: Plan Early Ideas of the Heavens (cont d): Shape & size of the Earth Size & distance of Moon & Sun Geocentric Universe Heliocentric Universe Shape of the Earth Aristotle (Greece, 384 322 B.C.)

More information

PHYS 155 Introductory Astronomy

PHYS 155 Introductory Astronomy PHYS 155 Introductory Astronomy - observing sessions: Sunday Thursday, 9pm, weather permitting http://www.phys.uconn.edu/observatory - Exam - Tuesday March 20, - Review Monday 6:30-9pm, PB 38 Marek Krasnansky

More information

Astronomy 1 Fall 2016

Astronomy 1 Fall 2016 Astronomy 1 Fall 2016 Comet Halley Edmund Halley, a friend of Newton s used Newton s math to predict the return of a comet seen at intervals of 76 years. Lecture 3; September 29, 2016 Previously on Astro-1

More information

Chapter 4. The Origin Of Modern Astronomy. Is okay to change your phone? From ios to Android From Android to ios

Chapter 4. The Origin Of Modern Astronomy. Is okay to change your phone? From ios to Android From Android to ios Chapter 4 The Origin Of Modern Astronomy Slide 14 Slide 15 14 15 Is Change Good or Bad? Do you like Homer to look like Homer or with hair? Does it bother you when your schedule is changed? Is it okay to

More information

History of Astronomy - Part I. Ancient Astronomy. Ancient Greece. Astronomy is a science that has truly taken shape only in the last couple centuries

History of Astronomy - Part I. Ancient Astronomy. Ancient Greece. Astronomy is a science that has truly taken shape only in the last couple centuries History of Astronomy - Part I Astronomy is a science that has truly taken shape only in the last couple centuries Many advances have been made in your lifetime However, astronomical concepts and ideas

More information

Astronomy. Today: Eclipses and the Motion of the Moon. First homework on WebAssign is due Thursday at 11:00pm

Astronomy. Today: Eclipses and the Motion of the Moon. First homework on WebAssign is due Thursday at 11:00pm Astronomy A. Dayle Hancock adhancock@wm.edu Small 239 Today: Eclipses and the Motion of the Moon > > > Office hours: MTWR 10-11am First homework on WebAssign is due Thursday at 11:00pm > > > Phases of

More information

First MIDTERM Exam: Mon, Sep. 22, covering chapters tutorials (review later today).

First MIDTERM Exam: Mon, Sep. 22, covering chapters tutorials (review later today). Announcements First MIDTERM Exam: Mon, Sep. 22, covering chapters 1 3 + tutorials (review later today). Interim grades online, coded by class ID. See course website Grades tab. Another great night for

More information

Claudius Ptolemaeus Second Century AD. Jan 5 7:37 AM

Claudius Ptolemaeus Second Century AD. Jan 5 7:37 AM Claudius Ptolemaeus Second Century AD Jan 5 7:37 AM Copernicus: The Foundation Nicholas Copernicus (Polish, 1473 1543): Proposed the first modern heliocentric model, motivated by inaccuracies of the Ptolemaic

More information

Early Theories. Early astronomers believed that the sun, planets and stars orbited Earth (geocentric model) Developed by Aristotle

Early Theories. Early astronomers believed that the sun, planets and stars orbited Earth (geocentric model) Developed by Aristotle Planetary Motion Early Theories Early astronomers believed that the sun, planets and stars orbited Earth (geocentric model) Developed by Aristotle Stars appear to move around Earth Observations showed

More information

Intro to Astronomy. Looking at Our Space Neighborhood

Intro to Astronomy. Looking at Our Space Neighborhood Intro to Astronomy Looking at Our Space Neighborhood Astronomy: The Original Science Ancient cultures used the movement of stars, planets and the moon to mark time Astronomy: the study of the universe

More information

Origin of Modern Astronomy Chapter 21

Origin of Modern Astronomy Chapter 21 Origin of Modern Astronomy Chapter 21 Early history of astronomy Ancient Greeks Used philosophical arguments to explain natural phenomena Also used some observa:onal data (looking at the night sky) Ancient

More information

PHYS 160 Astronomy Test #1 Name Answer Key Test Version A

PHYS 160 Astronomy Test #1 Name Answer Key Test Version A PHYS 160 Astronomy Test #1 Name Answer Key Test Version A True False Multiple Choice 1. T 1. C 2. F 2. B 3. T 3. A 4. T 4. E 5. T 5. B 6. F 6. A 7. F 7. A 8. T 8. D 9. F 9. D 10. F 10. B 11. B 12. D Definitions

More information

Benefit of astronomy to ancient cultures

Benefit of astronomy to ancient cultures Benefit of astronomy to ancient cultures Usefulness as a tool to predict the weather (seasons) Usefulness as a tool to tell time (sundials) Central Africa (6500 B.C.) Alignments Many ancient cultures built

More information

Science : Introduction to Astronomy. Lecture 2 : Visual Astronomy -- Stars and Planets. Robert Fisher

Science : Introduction to Astronomy. Lecture 2 : Visual Astronomy -- Stars and Planets. Robert Fisher Science 3210 001 : Introduction to Astronomy Lecture 2 : Visual Astronomy -- Stars and Planets Robert Fisher Items Add/Drop Day Office Hours Vote 5 PM Tuesday 5 PM Thursday 12 Noon Friday Course Webpage

More information

7.4 Universal Gravitation

7.4 Universal Gravitation Circular Motion Velocity is a vector quantity, which means that it involves both speed (magnitude) and direction. Therefore an object traveling at a constant speed can still accelerate if the direction

More information

Brock University. Test 1, October 2017 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P01, Section 1 Number of Students: 470 Date of Examination: October 3, 2017

Brock University. Test 1, October 2017 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P01, Section 1 Number of Students: 470 Date of Examination: October 3, 2017 Brock University Test 1, October 2017 Number of pages: 9 Course: ASTR 1P01, Section 1 Number of Students: 470 Date of Examination: October 3, 2017 Number of hours: 50 min Time of Examination: 17:00 17:50

More information

Gravitation and the Motion of the Planets

Gravitation and the Motion of the Planets Gravitation and the Motion of the Planets 1 Guiding Questions 1. How did ancient astronomers explain the motions of the planets? 2. Why did Copernicus think that the Earth and the other planets go around

More information

Chapter 2 Discovering the Universe for Yourself

Chapter 2 Discovering the Universe for Yourself Chapter 2 Discovering the Universe for Yourself 2.1 Patterns in the Night Sky Our goals for learning: What does the universe look like from Earth? Why do stars rise and set? Why do the constellations we

More information

astronomy A planet was viewed from Earth for several hours. The diagrams below represent the appearance of the planet at four different times.

astronomy A planet was viewed from Earth for several hours. The diagrams below represent the appearance of the planet at four different times. astronomy 2008 1. A planet was viewed from Earth for several hours. The diagrams below represent the appearance of the planet at four different times. 5. If the distance between the Earth and the Sun were

More information

Chapter 2 Discovering the Universe for Yourself. What does the universe look like from Earth? Constellations. 2.1 Patterns in the Night Sky

Chapter 2 Discovering the Universe for Yourself. What does the universe look like from Earth? Constellations. 2.1 Patterns in the Night Sky Chapter 2 Discovering the Universe for Yourself 2.1 Patterns in the Night Sky Our goals for learning: What does the universe look like from Earth? Why do stars rise and set? Why do the constellations we

More information

Section 3- The history and future of space exploration

Section 3- The history and future of space exploration Unit 1: Space Section 3- The history and future of space exploration Ancient Astronomer Speed Dating Remember: Speak to your partner, don t copy notes Keep points brief, don t write paragraphs Stick to

More information

Chapter. Origin of Modern Astronomy

Chapter. Origin of Modern Astronomy Chapter Origin of Modern Astronomy 22.1 Early Astronomy Ancient Greeks Astronomy is the science that studies the universe. It includes the observation and interpretation of celestial bodies and phenomena.

More information

Today. Planetary Motion. Tycho Brahe s Observations. Kepler s Laws Laws of Motion. Laws of Motion

Today. Planetary Motion. Tycho Brahe s Observations. Kepler s Laws Laws of Motion. Laws of Motion Today Planetary Motion Tycho Brahe s Observations Kepler s Laws Laws of Motion Laws of Motion In 1633 the Catholic Church ordered Galileo to recant his claim that Earth orbits the Sun. His book on the

More information

Monday, October 3, 2011

Monday, October 3, 2011 We do not ask for what useful purpose the birds do sing, for song is their pleasure since they were created for singing. Similarly, we ought not ask why the human mind troubles to fathom the secrets of

More information

Lecture #5: Plan. The Beginnings of Modern Astronomy Kepler s Laws Galileo

Lecture #5: Plan. The Beginnings of Modern Astronomy Kepler s Laws Galileo Lecture #5: Plan The Beginnings of Modern Astronomy Kepler s Laws Galileo Geocentric ( Ptolemaic ) Model Retrograde Motion: Apparent backward (= East-to-West) motion of a planet with respect to stars Ptolemy

More information

Chapter 2 Discovering the Universe for Yourself. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 2 Discovering the Universe for Yourself. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Discovering the Universe for Yourself 1 2.1 Patterns in the Night Sky Our goals for learning: What does the universe look like from Earth? Why do stars rise and set? Why do the constellations

More information

Chapter 2 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Discovering the Universe for Yourself Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 2 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Discovering the Universe for Yourself Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Discovering the Universe for Yourself Discovering the Universe for Yourself 2.1 Patterns in the Night Sky Our goals for learning: What does the

More information

Lecture 2: Motions of the Earth and Moon. Astronomy 111 Wednesday August 30, 2017

Lecture 2: Motions of the Earth and Moon. Astronomy 111 Wednesday August 30, 2017 Lecture 2: Motions of the Earth and Moon Astronomy 111 Wednesday August 30, 2017 Reminders Online homework #1 due Monday at 3pm Labs start next week Motions of the Earth ASTR111 Lecture 2 Observation:

More information

The great tragedy of science the slaying of a beautiful hypothesis by an ugly fact. -Thomas Huxley. Monday, October 3, 2011

The great tragedy of science the slaying of a beautiful hypothesis by an ugly fact. -Thomas Huxley. Monday, October 3, 2011 The great tragedy of science the slaying of a beautiful hypothesis by an ugly fact. -Thomas Huxley 1 Chapter 4 The Origin of Modern Astronomy Outline I. The Roots of Astronomy A. Archaeoastronomy B. The

More information

Lecture 2 : Early Cosmology

Lecture 2 : Early Cosmology Lecture 2 : Early Cosmology Getting in touch with your senses Greek astronomy/cosmology The Renaissance (part 1) 8/28/13 1 Sidney Harris Discussion : What would an unaided observer deduce about the Universe?

More information

Chapter 02 The Rise of Astronomy

Chapter 02 The Rise of Astronomy Chapter 02 The Rise of Astronomy Multiple Choice Questions 1. The moon appears larger when it rises than when it is high in the sky because A. You are closer to it when it rises (angular-size relation).

More information

Lecture 19: The Moon & Mercury. The Moon & Mercury. The Moon & Mercury

Lecture 19: The Moon & Mercury. The Moon & Mercury. The Moon & Mercury Lecture 19: The Moon & Mercury The Moon & Mercury The Moon and Mercury are similar in some ways They both have: Heavily cratered Dark colored surfaces No atmosphere No water They also have some interesting

More information

Test Bank for Life in the Universe, Third Edition Chapter 2: The Science of Life in the Universe

Test Bank for Life in the Universe, Third Edition Chapter 2: The Science of Life in the Universe 1. The possibility of extraterrestrial life was first considered A) after the invention of the telescope B) only during the past few decades C) many thousands of years ago during ancient times D) at the

More information

ASTRONOMY 1010 Exam 1 September 21, 2007

ASTRONOMY 1010 Exam 1 September 21, 2007 ASTRONOMY 1010 Exam 1 September 21, 2007 Name Please write and mark your name and student number in the Scantron answer sheet. FILL THE BUBBLE IN THE "TEST FORM" BOX CORRESPONDING TO YOUR TEST VERSION

More information

How big is the Universe and where are we in it?

How big is the Universe and where are we in it? Announcements Results of clicker questions from Monday are on ICON. First homework is graded on ICON. Next homework due one minute before midnight on Tuesday, September 6. Labs start this week. All lab

More information

Lecture 3 Angular Sizes, Moon Phases, and Ptolemy September 13, 2017

Lecture 3 Angular Sizes, Moon Phases, and Ptolemy September 13, 2017 1 Lecture 3 Angular Sizes, Moon Phases, and Ptolemy September 13, 2017 2 Measuring Angles Apparent distances in the sky are determined by measuring the angle between two objects. There are 360 degrees

More information

Chapter 2. The Rise of Astronomy. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Chapter 2. The Rise of Astronomy. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 2 The Rise of Astronomy Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 2.1: Early Ideas of the Heavens: Classical Astronomy As far as we know, the

More information

DeAnza College Spring First Midterm Exam MAKE ALL MARKS DARK AND COMPLETE.

DeAnza College Spring First Midterm Exam MAKE ALL MARKS DARK AND COMPLETE. FAMILY NAME : (Please PRINT!) GIVEN NAME : (Please PRINT!) Signature: ASTRONOMY 4 DeAnza College Spring 2018 First Midterm Exam MAKE ALL MARKS DARK AND COMPLETE. Instructions: 1. On your Parscore sheet

More information

ASTR-1010: Astronomy I Course Notes Section III

ASTR-1010: Astronomy I Course Notes Section III ASTR-1010: Astronomy I Course Notes Section III Dr. Donald G. Luttermoser Department of Physics and Astronomy East Tennessee State University Edition 2.0 Abstract These class notes are designed for use

More information

1. The Moon appears larger when it rises than when it is high in the sky because

1. The Moon appears larger when it rises than when it is high in the sky because 2-1 Copyright 2016 All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of 1. The Moon appears larger when it rises than when it is high in the sky because A. you are

More information

TAKEN FROM HORIZONS 7TH EDITION CHAPTER 3 TUTORIAL QUIZ

TAKEN FROM HORIZONS 7TH EDITION CHAPTER 3 TUTORIAL QUIZ TAKEN FROM HORIZONS 7TH EDITION CHAPTER 3 TUTORIAL QUIZ 1. When Neap tides are occurring, a. a person experiences the lowest tides close to sunset and sunrise. b. the Sun and the Moon are separated by

More information

Gravitation Part I. Ptolemy, Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler

Gravitation Part I. Ptolemy, Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler Gravitation Part I. Ptolemy, Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler Celestial motions The stars: Uniform daily motion about the celestial poles (rising and setting). The Sun: Daily motion around the celestial

More information

Lecture 4: Kepler and Galileo. Astronomy 111 Wednesday September 6, 2017

Lecture 4: Kepler and Galileo. Astronomy 111 Wednesday September 6, 2017 Lecture 4: Kepler and Galileo Astronomy 111 Wednesday September 6, 2017 Reminders Online homework #2 due Monday at 3pm Johannes Kepler (1571-1630): German Was Tycho s assistant Used Tycho s data to discover

More information

Today. Planetary Motion. Tycho Brahe s Observations. Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion. Laws of Motion. in physics

Today. Planetary Motion. Tycho Brahe s Observations. Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion. Laws of Motion. in physics Planetary Motion Today Tycho Brahe s Observations Kepler s Laws of Planetary Motion Laws of Motion in physics Page from 1640 text in the KSL rare book collection That the Earth may be a Planet the seeming

More information

The ecliptic and the sidereal motion of the sun Moon and the planets on it.

The ecliptic and the sidereal motion of the sun Moon and the planets on it. The ecliptic and the sidereal motion of the sun Moon and the planets on it. The following picture is a picture of the sky as it looks about noon on May 18 2012. The light of the Sun has been erased artificially

More information

Name: Date: 5. The bright stars Vega, Deneb, and Altair form A) the summer triangle. B) the winter triangle. C) the Big Dipper. D) Orion, the Hunter.

Name: Date: 5. The bright stars Vega, Deneb, and Altair form A) the summer triangle. B) the winter triangle. C) the Big Dipper. D) Orion, the Hunter. Name: Date: 1. If there are about 6000 stars in the entire sky that can be seen by the unaided human eye, about how many stars would be seen at a particular instant on a given dark night from a single

More information

Chapter 2 Discovering the Universe for Yourself

Chapter 2 Discovering the Universe for Yourself Chapter 2 Discovering the Universe for Yourself 2.1 Patterns in the Night Sky Our goals for learning: What does the universe look like from Earth? Why do stars rise and set? Why do the constellations we

More information

Exam 1 Astronomy 114. Part 1

Exam 1 Astronomy 114. Part 1 Exam 1 Astronomy 114 Part 1 [1-40] Select the most appropriate answer among the choices given. 1. If the Moon is setting at 6AM, the phase of the Moon must be (A) first quarter. (B) third quarter. (C)

More information

2. See FIGURE B. This person in the FIGURE discovered that this planet had phases (name the planet)?

2. See FIGURE B. This person in the FIGURE discovered that this planet had phases (name the planet)? ASTRONOMY 2 MIDTERM EXAM PART I SPRING 2019 60 QUESTIONS 50 POINTS: Part I of the midterm constitutes the Take-Home part of the entire Midterm Exam. Additionally, this Take-Home part is divided into two

More information

Dive into Saturn.

Dive into Saturn. Dive into Saturn http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/space/death-dive-to-saturn.html Read Ch. 3 By next class time Do practice online quiz 01 Axis tilt changes directness of sunlight during the year. Why Does

More information

Astronomy Notes Chapter 02.notebook April 11, 2014 Pythagoras Aristotle geocentric retrograde motion epicycles deferents Aristarchus, heliocentric

Astronomy Notes Chapter 02.notebook April 11, 2014 Pythagoras Aristotle geocentric retrograde motion epicycles deferents Aristarchus, heliocentric Around 2500 years ago, Pythagoras began to use math to describe the world around him. Around 200 years later, Aristotle stated that the Universe is understandable and is governed by regular laws. Most

More information

lightyears observable universe astronomical unit po- laris perihelion Milky Way

lightyears observable universe astronomical unit po- laris perihelion Milky Way 1 Chapter 1 Astronomical distances are so large we typically measure distances in lightyears: the distance light can travel in one year, or 9.46 10 12 km or 9, 600, 000, 000, 000 km. Looking into the sky

More information

Chapter 2 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Discovering the Universe for Yourself

Chapter 2 Lecture. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Discovering the Universe for Yourself Chapter 2 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Discovering the Universe for Yourself Discovering the Universe for Yourself 2.1 Patterns in the Night Sky Our goals for learning: What does the

More information

Evidence that the Earth does not move: Greek Astronomy. Aristotelian Cosmology: Motions of the Planets. Ptolemy s Geocentric Model 2-1

Evidence that the Earth does not move: Greek Astronomy. Aristotelian Cosmology: Motions of the Planets. Ptolemy s Geocentric Model 2-1 Greek Astronomy Aristotelian Cosmology: Evidence that the Earth does not move: 1. Stars do not exhibit parallax: 2-1 At the center of the universe is the Earth: Changeable and imperfect. Above the Earth

More information

BROCK UNIVERSITY. 1. The observation that the intervals of time between two successive quarter phases of the Moon are very nearly equal implies that

BROCK UNIVERSITY. 1. The observation that the intervals of time between two successive quarter phases of the Moon are very nearly equal implies that BROCK UNIVERSITY Page 1 of 10 Test 1: November 2014 Number of pages: 10 Course: ASTR 1P01, Section 2 Number of students: 961 Examination date: 7 November 2014 Time limit: 50 min Time of Examination: 17:00

More information

Chapter 22 Exam Study Guide

Chapter 22 Exam Study Guide Chapter 22 Exam Study Guide Name: Hour: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter that best answers the question or completes

More information

Motions of the Planets ASTR 2110 Sarazin

Motions of the Planets ASTR 2110 Sarazin Motions of the Planets ASTR 2110 Sarazin Motion of Planets Retrograde Motion Inferior Planets: Mercury, Venus Always near Sun on Sky Retrograde motion when very close to Sun on sky (Every other time) Superior

More information

Next Homework Due. Feb. 20

Next Homework Due. Feb. 20 This week: Chapter 2 Required: Guided Discovery (p.44-47) Required: Astro. Toolbox 2-1 Optional: Astro. Toolbox 2-2, 2-3 Next Homework Due. Feb. 20 Office Hours: Monday, 3-4 Did you see the Lunar Eclipse?

More information

Copernican Revolution. ~1500 to ~1700

Copernican Revolution. ~1500 to ~1700 ~1500 to ~1700 Copernicus (~1500) Brahe (~1570) Kepler (~1600) Galileo (~1600) Newton (~1670) The Issue: Geocentric or Heliocentric Which model explains observations the best? Copernicus (~1500) Resurrected

More information

Gravitation and the Waltz of the Planets

Gravitation and the Waltz of the Planets Gravitation and the Waltz of the Planets Chapter Four Guiding Questions 1. How did ancient astronomers explain the motions of the planets? 2. Why did Copernicus think that the Earth and the other planets

More information

Gravitation and the Waltz of the Planets. Chapter Four

Gravitation and the Waltz of the Planets. Chapter Four Gravitation and the Waltz of the Planets Chapter Four Guiding Questions 1. How did ancient astronomers explain the motions of the planets? 2. Why did Copernicus think that the Earth and the other planets

More information

2.4 The Birth of Modern Astronomy

2.4 The Birth of Modern Astronomy 2.4 The Birth of Modern Astronomy Telescope invented around 1600 Galileo built his own, made observations: Moon has mountains and valleys Sun has sunspots, and rotates Jupiter has moons (shown): Venus

More information

How Astronomers Learnt that The Heavens Are Not Perfect

How Astronomers Learnt that The Heavens Are Not Perfect 1 How Astronomers Learnt that The Heavens Are Not Perfect Introduction In this packet, you will read about the discoveries and theories which changed the way astronomers understood the Universe. I have

More information