Constellations & Stars
|
|
- Ashlie Evans
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Constellations & Stars
2 I. Constellations Group of stars that appear to form a pattern in the sky. 88 recognized by International Astronomy Union
3 A. Zodiac Band of 12 constellations along the ecliptic.
4 B. Ecliptic the plane of the Earth s orbit around the sun The apparent path that the sun (and planets) appear to move along against the star background.
5 Ecliptic
6 C. Circumpolar Constellations Can be seen all year long Never fully set below the horizon Appear to move counter clockwise around Polaris Caused by Earth s Rotation
7 Circumpolar Constellations
8 Star Trails
9 Examples of Circumpolar Constellations 1. Ursa Major The Big Bear 2. Ursa Minor The Little Bear 3. Cassiopeia Queen on Her Throne 4. Draco- The Dragon 5. Cepheus- The King
10 # of stars seen as circumpolar depends on the observers latitude Further North the observer lives, the more stars will appear circumpolar Earth turns west to east Sky appears to turn east to west
11 D. Ursa Major Best known constellation Common name is Big Dipper Pointer stars- front 2 stars of the Big Dipper which point to Polaris (North Star)
12 Big Dipper II. Seasonal Changes in Constellations In Fall: Low over northern horizon Spring: High overhead Cassiopeia In Fall: Straight overhead Spring: Low over northern horizon
13 Seasonal Change & Nightly change of the Dippers
14 III. Summer Constellations 1 st 3 bright stars that rise form the Summer Triangle 1. Vega- in Lyra the Harp 2. Altair- in Aquilla the Eagle 3. Deneb in Cygnus the Swan (Northern Cross)
15 Summer Triangle
16 IV. Most Famous Winter Contellation Orion Contains: 1. Betelgeuse (Bet el jooz) a bright red super giant star found forming Orion s right shoulder 2. Rigel a blue super giant: 7 th brightest star in the nighttime sky
17
18 3 Stars of Orion s Belt Can be used to find 2 other constellations & a star cluster 1. Canis Major- (Big Dog) follow the line made by the 3 stars of Orion s belt down to the left Sirius- the brightest star in the nighttime sky is found in Canis Major
19 2. Taurus (the Bull) Follow the line made by Orion s belt up & to the right Aldebaran- Red star that is the eye of the bull is the 13 th brightest in the nighttime sky
20 3. Pleiades Star Cluster (7 sisters) Follow the line made by Orion s belt up to the right, go through Taurus to a clump of stars to the right. Called Subaru in Japan means Unite
21 V. Kinds of Stars A. Red Giant - large red star at least 10x diameter of the sun Old Stars Ex. Aldebaran The sun will swell into a Red Giant when it is old
22 B. Super Giant Largest of all stars 100x more luminous Explode as a Super Nova Can form Black Holes Ex. Betelgeuse, Rigel, Polaris
23 C. Dwarf Stars 1. Less luminous 2. Very dense, mostly carbon 3. Tightly packed nuclei 4. Remains of a red giant that ran out of fuel 5. 1 cup full of star =20 tons or 5 elephants. 6. Most are red/orange/yellow 7. White dwarf is the exception to the color 8. Sun is a yellow dwarf
24
25
26 Size Comparison of Various Stars
27 VI. Variable Stars Change in brightness over regular periods of time Ex. Cepheid Variables/Pulsating Stars Binary Stars & Eclipsing Binary Stars
28 A. Cepheid Variables/ Pulsating Stars Change in brightness as they expand & contract Unequal balance between gravity & nuclear fusion Ex. Polaris, Betelgeuse
29 B. Binary Star Systems Two stars of unequal brightness revolving around a center point Ex. Algol & its companion star in Perseus
30 C. Eclipsing Binary Stars Two close stars that appear to be a single star varying in brightness. The variation in brightness is due to one star moving in front of or behind the other star. Occurs because we see the system on edge instead of from above or below
31 VII. Pulsars or Neutron stars A. Discovered in 1967 (LGM) B. A distant heavenly object that emits rapid pulses of light & radio waves C. Formed when a Super Giant collapses; Protons & Electrons are forced so close together that they fuse and form only neutrons
32 Twinkle Twinkle Little Star "Twinkling Stars" are due to Earth's atmosphere
33 VIII. Life Cycle of a Medium Mass Star 1. Nebula 2. Protostar 3. New/Stable State Star 4. Red Giant 5. Planetary Nebula 6. White Dwarf 7. Black Dwarf
34 1. Nebulae (Plural of Nebula) Space gas seen as faint glowing clouds Mostly hydrogen Star dust is extremely small, smaller than a particle of smoke & widely separated, with more than 300 ft. between individual particles. Nebulae still hinder star gazing because they absorb light which passes through them.
35 Types of Nebulae Diffuse Nebula - gases glow from stars w/in them Ex. Nebula found in Sagittarius
36 Types of Nebulae Dark Nebula - nebula not near a bright star Ex. Horse Head Nebula in Orion
37 2. Protostar Shrinking gas balls, caused by a swirl of gas forming dense areas. The gravity of the dense swirl in turn attracts nearby gases so a ball forms. Nuclear fusion occurs & Helium is formed from Hydrogen A new star is born in our galaxy every 18 days
38 3. Stable State Star Star that releases energy in enough force to counter balance gravity Star stops contracting Also known as a main sequence star Ex. Sun
39 4. Planetary Nebula The outer layers of the Red Giant puff out more and more. The star loses gravitational hold on its outer layers and they get pushed away by the pressure exerted from solar winds
40 Planetary Nebula
41 5. White Dwarf Fuel is used up No nuclear fusion occurring Remaining heat radiates into space
42
43 IX. Life Cycle of a Massive Star 1. 1st three steps are similar 2. Super Giant 3. Super Nova 4. Neutron Star / Pulsar 5. Black Hole
44 1. Super Giant Rare stars, largest of all 100x more luminous Only stars with a lot of mass can become super giants Some are almost as large as our entire solar system Ex. Betelgeuse & Rigel
45 2. Super Nova Explosion from a massive Super Giant Outer layer blasts away at end of Life Cycle Emits light, heat, X-rays, & neutrinos Leaves behind a neutron star or black hole
46 3. Neutron Star/ Pulsar The remains of a super nova Very small, super-dense star which is composed mostly of tightly-packed neutrons Rapidly spinning leftovers of a star Emits energy in pulses
47 4. Black Hole Occurs when a star's remaining mass is greater than three times the mass of the Sun Star contracts tremendously Incredibly dense with a gravitational field so strong that even light cannot escape.
48 Life Cycle of a Massive Star
49 X. Distance to stars A. The Sun is closest star to Earth B. Takes light 8 minutes to reach Earth C. Avg. distance:150,000,000km = 1 AU distance from Earth to the Sun D. Next nearest star is Proxima Centauri 4.2 light years away; it can only be seen in the southern hemisphere
50 E. Light year The distance light has traveled in a year 9.5 x Km/yr Speed of light 300,000 Km /sec
51 XI. Physical Properties of Stars A. Nuclear fusion supplies the energy for stars Huge size & mass of a star means outer layers press inward w/ tremendous pressure Hydrogen ignites Star becomes a huge nuclear bomb Hydrogen nuclei combine to form Helium
52 B. Color of star depends on surface temp. 1. Blue - hottest stars Ex. Rigel in Orion; Vega in Lyra; Sirius in Canis Major 2. Yellow - medium stars ex. Sun 3. Red - coolest stars Ex. Betelgeuse in Orion, Antares the heart of Scorpio, Aldebaran in Taurus
53 C. Star size -Varies, large range Smallest can be smaller than Earth Largest may be 600,000,000 x Earth.
54 D. The Sun is an average star yellow in color 300,000 x the mass of Earth
55 XII. Luminosity Brightness of a star Depends on size & temperature Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram graphs Absolute Magnitude (or Luminosity) vs. Temperature of stars Shows the life cycle of stars
56 Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
57 A. Absolute Magnitude Measure of the amount of light it actually gives off if all stars were placed a distance of 32.6 light years away Lower # means brighter star Negative # s are the brightest Ex. Sun = 4.75 Sirius = 1.4 Rigel = 7.0 Rigel s the Brightest of the 3 listed if all were lined up next to each other.
58 B. Apparent Magnitude A measure of the amount of light received on Earth Stars below 0 are brightest Each magnitude differs by st magnitude is 100 x brighter than 6 th magnitude Ex. Sun = 26.8 Sirius = 1.45 Full Moon 12.6 Rigel =.11 Sun is the brightest in our sky.
59 XIII. Galaxies Systems containing millions or billions of stars, gas, & dust held together by gravity Ex. Milky Way There are great distances between galaxies The Milky Way belongs to a group or cluster of galaxies called the local group
60 Spiral Galaxy Like the Milky Way
61 Three major classes of galaxies: 1. Elliptical - shaped like large ovals or football shape 2. Spiral - pinwheel shaped; our sun is on a spiral arm of the Milky Way 3. Irregular - many different shapes that aren't like the other two
62 XIV. Quasar Quasi stellar radio source Galaxies, very far away, with bright centers Thought to have a super massive black hole at center Most luminous objects known to man
63 XV. Electromagnetic Spectrum The arrangement of electromagnetic radiation from Radio waves to Gamma waves
64 Stars Emit: 1. Visible light 2. X-rays 3. Radio waves 4. Infrared waves 5. Ultraviolet waves
65 Venus & Saturn by E-spectrum Ultra violet Visible Infrared Radio Ultra violet Visible Infrared Radio
66 X-ray & Ultra Violet Image of Sun
67 Visible, Infrared & Radio Images of Sun
68 A. Electromagnetic waves: Differ in wavelength & frequency All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light; 300,000 km/sec
69 Parts of a Wave
70 a has a longer wavelength (distance from one crest to another) but lower frequency ( # of waves that pass by a point in a second)
71 b has a shorter wavelength but a higher frequency
72 B. Spectroscope Instrument that separates light into its colors. Contains: Prism at one end Slit at opposite end which lines up with the light source
73 C. 3 Types of Spectra 1. Continuous Spectrum 2. Brightline Spectrum 3. Darkline Spectrum
74 How Spectra are Produced
75 1. Continuous Spectrum Produced by a glowing solid Example a Tungsten white light bulb, & white sunlight.
76 Continuous Spectrum Cont Continuous set of emission lines forming an unbroken band of colors from red to violet. Shows the source is sending out light of all visible wavelengths.
77 Visible Spectrum red orange yellow green blue indigo violet ROY G BIV All the colors of the rainbow A continuous spectrum
78 2. Dark-Line Spectrum / Absorption Spectrum Produced when a cooler gas lies between the observer and an object emitting a continuous spectrum Example: 1. The atmosphere of planets 2.Outer layers of a star
79 Absorption Spectrum Cont The cooler gas absorbs specific wavelengths of radiation passing through it. This spectrum appears as a continuous spectrum of all colors with a number of gaps or dark lines throughout it.
80 3. Bright-Line Spectrum / Emission Spectrum Produced by a glowing gas which radiates energy at specific wavelengths characteristic of the element or elements composing the gas Example Neon signs, black lights, LED s
81 Emission Spectrum Cont This spectrum consists of a number of bright lines against a dark background. Each elements has its own distinctive spectra much like a fingerprint
82 XVI. The Doppler Effect as sound approaches the wavelength is compressed so the pitch is higher as sound leaves the wavelength is stretched out so the pitch is lower The same thing happens with light
83 Doppler Effect
84 Red Shift If a star is moving away from Earth there is a red shift, of its line spectra; if the star is moving toward the Earth there is a blue shift of its line spectra
85 Red Shift Red shift is evidence the universe is expanding.
Stars and Galaxies 1
Stars and Galaxies 1 Characteristics of Stars 2 Star - body of gases that gives off great amounts of radiant energy as light and heat 3 Most stars look white but are actually different colors Antares -
More informationStars & Galaxies. Chapter 27 Modern Earth Science
Stars & Galaxies Chapter 27 Modern Earth Science Chapter 27, Section 1 27.1 Characteristics of Stars How do astronomers determine the composition and surface temperature of a star? Composition & Temperature
More informationStars & Galaxies. Chapter 27, Section 1. Composition & Temperature. Chapter 27 Modern Earth Science Characteristics of Stars
Stars & Galaxies Chapter 27 Modern Earth Science Chapter 27, Section 1 27.1 Characteristics of Stars Composition & Temperature Scientists use the following tools to study stars Telescope Observation Spectral
More informationWhat is a star? A body of gases that gives off tremendous amounts of energy in the form of light & heat. What star is closest to the earth?
Stars What is a star? A body of gases that gives off tremendous amounts of energy in the form of light & heat. What star is closest to the earth? Answer: The SUN It s about 150,000,000 km from earth =
More informationCHAPTER 28 STARS AND GALAXIES
CHAPTER 28 STARS AND GALAXIES 28.1 A CLOSER LOOK AT LIGHT Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation, which is energy that travels in waves. Waves of energy travel at 300,000 km/sec (speed of light Ex:
More informationChapter 21 Earth Science 11
Chapter 21 Earth Science 11 Constellations Constellation: A group of stars that appear to form patterns in the sky. 88 different constellations can be seen from the Northern and Southern hemispheres Best
More informationChapter 21: Stars Notes
Branches of Earth Science Chapter 21: Stars Notes Astronomy: The study of planets, stars, and other objects in space. Lithosphere: the land masses of earth o Litho means rock Hydrosphere: waters of the
More informationBeyond the Solar System 2006 Oct 17 Page 1 of 5
I. Stars have color, brightness, mass, temperature and size. II. Distances to stars are measured using stellar parallax a. The further away, the less offset b. Parallax angles are extremely small c. Measured
More information8/30/2010. Classifying Stars. Classifying Stars. Classifying Stars
Classifying Stars In the early 1900s, Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Russell made some important observations. They noticed that, in general, stars with higher temperatures also have brighter absolute magnitudes.
More informationChapter 28 Stars and Their Characteristics
Chapter 28 Stars and Their Characteristics Origin of the Universe Big Bang Theory about 10-20 bya all matter in the universe existed in a hot dense state about the size of an atom (tiny). That matter sort
More informationBeyond Our Solar System Chapter 24
Beyond Our Solar System Chapter 24 PROPERTIES OF STARS Distance Measuring a star's distance can be very difficult Stellar parallax Used for measuring distance to a star Apparent shift in a star's position
More informationSTARS AND GALAXIES STARS
STARS AND GALAXIES STARS enormous spheres of plasma formed from strong gravitational forces PLASMA the most energetic state of matter; responsible for the characteristic glow emitted by these heavenly
More informationLife Cycle of a Star - Activities
Name: Class Period: Life Cycle of a Star - Activities A STAR IS BORN STAGES COMMON TO ALL STARS All stars start as a nebula. A nebula is a large cloud of gas and dust. Gravity can pull some of the gas
More informationExplain how the sun converts matter into energy in its core. Describe the three layers of the sun s atmosphere.
Chapter 29 and 30 Explain how the sun converts matter into energy in its core. Describe the three layers of the sun s atmosphere. Explain how sunspots are related to powerful magnetic fields on the sun.
More informationModern Astronomy Review #1
Modern Astronomy Review #1 1. The red-shift of light from distant galaxies provides evidence that the universe is (1) shrinking, only (3) shrinking and expanding in a cyclic pattern (2) expanding, only
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 25 Beyond Our Solar System 25.1 Properties of Stars Characteristics of Stars A constellation is an apparent group of stars originally named for mythical
More informationStars and Galaxies. Content Outline for Teaching
Section 1 Stars A. Patterns of stars - constellations 1. Ancient cultures used mythology or everyday items to name constellations 2. Modern astronomy studies 88 constellations 3. Some constellations are
More informationANSWER KEY. Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe. Telescopes Guided Reading and Study. Characteristics of Stars Guided Reading and Study
Stars, Galaxies, a the Universe Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Telescopes Use Target Reading Skills Check student definitions for accuracy. 1. Electromagneticradiationisenergythatcan travel through
More informationCHAPTER 29: STARS BELL RINGER:
CHAPTER 29: STARS BELL RINGER: Where does the energy of the Sun come from? Compare the size of the Sun to the size of Earth. 1 CHAPTER 29.1: THE SUN What are the properties of the Sun? What are the layers
More informationStarTalk. Sanjay Yengul May "To know ourselves, we must know the stars."
StarTalk Sanjay Yengul May 2016 "To know ourselves, we must know the stars." Twinkle Twinkle How many stars are there? How big are these stars? Picture of night sky What are they made of? Why do they shine?
More informationThe Electromagnetic Spectrum
The Electromagnetic Spectrum Three Kinds of Spectra Sun: The Nearest Star Radius 696,000 km 109 Re Mass 2 x 10^30 kg 300,000 Me Density 1400 kg/m^3 Luminosity 3.8x10^26 Watts (board calc.) Comp. 70% H,
More informationGALAXIES AND STARS. 2. Which star has a higher luminosity and a lower temperature than the Sun? A Rigel B Barnard s Star C Alpha Centauri D Aldebaran
GALAXIES AND STARS 1. Compared with our Sun, the star Betelgeuse is A smaller, hotter, and less luminous B smaller, cooler, and more luminous C larger, hotter, and less luminous D larger, cooler, and more
More informationEarth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens
Earth Science, 13e Tarbuck & Lutgens Beyond Our Solar System Earth Science, 13e Chapter 24 Stanley C. Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College Properties of stars Distance Distances to the stars are very
More informationDirections: For numbers 1-30 please choose the letter that best fits the description.
Directions: For numbers 1-30 please choose the letter that best fits the description. 1. The main force responsible for the formation of the universe is: a. Gravity b. Frictional force c. Magnetic force
More informationTAKE A LOOK 2. Identify This star is in the last stage of its life cycle. What is that stage?
CHAPTER 15 2 SECTION Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe The Life Cycle of Stars BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do stars change over time?
More informationCST Prep- 8 th Grade Astronomy
CST Prep- 8 th Grade Astronomy Chapter 15 (Part 1) 1. The theory of how the universe was created is called the 2. Which equation states that matter and energy are interchangeable? 3. All matter in the
More informationThe light from the stars we see at night travel great distances to reach Earth. Other than the sun, Proxima Centauriis the next closest
The light from the stars we see at night travel great distances to reach Earth. Other than the sun, Proxima Centauriis the next closest star. The light that we see from it takes over 4 yearsto reach our
More informationThe Universe. But first, let s talk about light! 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Universe But first, let s talk about light! Light is fast! The study of light All forms of radiation travel at 300,000,000 meters (186,000 miles) per second Since objects in space are so far away,
More informationGalaxies and Stars. 3. Base your answer to the following question on The reaction below represents an energy-producing process.
Galaxies and Stars 1. To an observer on Earth, the Sun appears brighter than the star Rigel because the Sun is A) hotter than Rigel B) more luminous than Rigel C) closer than Rigel D) larger than Rigel
More informationCoriolis Effect - the apparent curved paths of projectiles, winds, and ocean currents
Regents Earth Science Unit 5: Astronomy Models of the Universe Earliest models of the universe were based on the idea that the Sun, Moon, and planets all orbit the Earth models needed to explain how the
More informationStudy Guide Chapter 2
Section: Stars Pages 32-38 Study Guide Chapter 2 Circle the letter of the best answer for each question. 1. What do scientists study to learn about stars? a. gravity c. space b. starlight d. colors COLOR
More informationThe Life Cycles of Stars. Dr. Jim Lochner, NASA/GSFC
STARS I. Stellar Evolution The Life Cycles of Stars Dr. Jim Lochner, NASA/GSFC A. Nebula- cloud of gas and dust B. Protostar- spinning disk C. Main Sequence 1. When the protostar reaches 15 million C,
More informationNSCI 314 LIFE IN THE COSMOS
NSCI 314 LIFE IN THE COSMOS 2 BASIC ASTRONOMY, AND STARS AND THEIR EVOLUTION Dr. Karen Kolehmainen Department of Physics CSUSB COURSE WEBPAGE: http://physics.csusb.edu/~karen MOTIONS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
More informationAstronomy Part 1 Regents Questions
Regents Questions 1. The Sun revolves around the center of A) Polaris B) Aldebaran C) Earth D) the Milky Way Galaxy 4. In which sequence are the items listed from least total mass to greatest total mass?
More informationApparent Motion. How do celestial objects appear to move across the sky?
Apparent Motion How do celestial objects appear to move across the sky? 1 Apparent Motions Geocentric Universe - idea that Earth was at the center of the solar system Stars all rotate around the Earth
More informationUniverse Celestial Object Galaxy Solar System
ASTRONOMY Universe- Includes all known matter (everything). Celestial Object Any object outside or above Earth s atmosphere. Galaxy- A large group (billions) of stars (held together by gravity). Our galaxy
More informationStars. The composition of the star It s temperature It s lifespan
Stars Stars A star is a ball of different elements in the form of gases The elements and gases give off electromagnetic radiation (from nuclear fusion) in the form of light Scientists study the light coming
More informationWhat is the sun? The sun is a star at the center of our solar system.
What is the sun? The sun is a star at the center of our solar system. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Galileo was one of the first Europeans to observe the sun. How did Galileo look at the sun? He lined up
More information18. Which graph best represents the relationship between the number of sunspots and the amount of magnetic activity in the Sun?
1. Which star has a surface temperature most similar to the surface temperature of Alpha Centauri? A) Polaris B) Betelgeuse C) Procyon B D) Sirius 2. Giant stars have greater luminosity than our sun mainly
More informationClass Notes: Astronomy
Name: Date: Period: Astronomy The Physical Setting: Earth Science Class Notes: Astronomy I. Apparent Motion Geocentric Universe -! Starts all rotate around the Earth on a single sphere at º/hour Planets
More informationProperties of Stars. Characteristics of Stars
Properties of Stars Characteristics of Stars A constellation is an apparent group of stars originally named for mythical characters. The sky contains 88 constellations. Star Color and Temperature Color
More informationCHAPTER 4 STARS, GALAXIES & THE UNIVERSE
CHAPTER 4 STARS, GALAXIES & THE UNIVERSE LESSON 1: TELESCOPES ALL TYPES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION TRAVEL AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT 186,000 miles per second!! Electromagnetic Radiation = energy that travels
More informationThe Night Sky. The Universe. The Celestial Sphere. Stars. Chapter 14
The Night Sky The Universe Chapter 14 Homework: All the multiple choice questions in Applying the Concepts and Group A questions in Parallel Exercises. Celestial observation dates to ancient civilizations
More informationAstronomy Universe: all of space and everything in it
Astronomy Universe: all of space and everything in it Most (90%) of the universe is made up of: dark matter: stuff we think is there due to amount of mass we think is there but is not detected by the instruments
More informationPhysics Homework Set 2 Sp 2015
1) A large gas cloud in the interstellar medium that contains several type O and B stars would appear to us as 1) A) a reflection nebula. B) a dark patch against a bright background. C) a dark nebula.
More informationClassifying Stars. Scientists classify stars by: 1. Temperature 2. Brightness
STARS Classifying Stars Scientists classify stars by: 1. Temperature 2. Brightness Star Temperature 1. The color of a star tells us about its temperature. Blue stars are the hottest, 7500 C- 40,000 C.
More informationDirected Reading A. Section: The Life Cycle of Stars TYPES OF STARS THE LIFE CYCLE OF SUNLIKE STARS A TOOL FOR STUDYING STARS.
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: The Life Cycle of Stars TYPES OF STARS (pp. 444 449) 1. Besides by mass, size, brightness, color, temperature, and composition, how are stars classified? a.
More informationStellar Evolution Notes
Name: Block: Stellar Evolution Notes Stars mature, grow old and die. The more massive a star is, the shorter its life will be. Our Sun will live about 10 billion years. It is already 5 billion years old,
More informationCosmology, Galaxies, and Stars OUR VISIBLE UNIVERSE
Cosmology, Galaxies, and Stars OUR VISIBLE UNIVERSE Cosmology Cosmology is the study of the universe; its nature, origin and evolution. General Relativity is the mathematical basis of cosmology from which
More informationChapter 17 Solar System
Chapter 17 Solar System Rotation Earth spinning on its axis (like a top) "TOP" imaginary rod running through the center of the Earth from North pole to South pole The Earth is tilted on its axis at an
More informationGalaxies Galore. Types of Galaxies: Star Clusters. Spiral spinning wit arms Elliptical roundish Irregular no set pattern
Stars Studying Stars Astronomers use a spectroscope to study the movement of stars Blue shift towards earth Red shift away from earth Change in a wavelength moving toward or away from earth is the Doppler
More informationTEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION
TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION (The Universe) A. THE UNIVERSE: The universe encompasses all matter in existence. According to the Big Bang Theory, the universe was formed 10-20 billion years ago from a
More informationWhat do the Roman numerals mean and how do stars die
What do the Roman numerals mean and how do stars die What is luminosity? Luminosity is the energy emitted from a star, or basically how bright it is compared to our Sun The higher the luminosity, the higher
More informationthe nature of the universe, galaxies, and stars can be determined by observations over time by using telescopes
the nature of the universe, galaxies, and stars can be determined by observations over time by using telescopes The spectral lines of stars tell us their approximate composition Remember last year in Physics?
More informationEarth Space Systems. Semester 1 Exam. Astronomy Vocabulary
Earth Space Systems Semester 1 Exam Astronomy Vocabulary Astronomical Unit- Aurora- Big Bang- Black Hole- 1AU is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun (93 million miles). This unit of measurement
More informationChapter 33 The History of a Star. Introduction. Radio telescopes allow us to look into the center of the galaxy. The milky way
Chapter 33 The History of a Star Introduction Did you read chapter 33 before coming to class? A. Yes B. No You can see about 10,000 stars with the naked eye. The milky way Radio telescopes allow us to
More informationSolar System Glossary. The point in an object s elliptical orbit farthest from the body it is orbiting
Solar System Glossary Apogee Atmosphere Asteroid Axis Autumn Barred spiral The point in an object s elliptical orbit farthest from the body it is orbiting The air that surrounds Earth and other planets
More informationUnit 1: Space. Section 2- Stars
Unit 1: Space Section 2- Stars Stars Recall: stars are celestial bodies of hot gas that give off heat and light Stars The milky way contains hundreds of billions of stars and is only one of hundreds of
More informationReview Questions for the new topics that will be on the Final Exam
Review Questions for the new topics that will be on the Final Exam Be sure to review the lecture-tutorials and the material we covered on the first three exams. How does speed differ from velocity? Give
More informationPHYS103 Sec 901 Hour Exam No. 3 Page: 1
PHYS103 Sec 901 Hour Exam No. 3 Page: 1 PHYS103 Sec 901 Hour Exam No. 3 Page: 2 1 The star alpha-centauri C has moved across the sky by 3853 seconds of arc during the last thousand years - slightly more
More information3. c 4. a 5. f 6. b 7. e. 1. Stars are bright and hot. 2. Distances between stars are measured in light-years. 3. The sun is a yellow star.
Stars, Galaxies, Use Target Reading Skills Check student definitions for accuracy. 1. Electromagnetic radiation is energy that can travel through space in the form of waves. 2. visible light 3. wavelength
More informationPHYS103 Sec 901 Hour Exam No. 3 Page: 1
PHYS103 Sec 901 Hour Exam No. 3 Page: 1 PHYS103 Sec 901 Hour Exam No. 3 Page: 2 1 A steady X-ray signal with sudden bursts lasting a few seconds each is probably caused by a. a supermassive star. b. a
More informationAstronomy Ch. 20 Stellar Evolution. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Name: Period: Date: Astronomy Ch. 20 Stellar Evolution MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) A star (no matter what its mass) spends
More informationAstronomy Ch. 20 Stellar Evolution. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Name: Period: Date: Astronomy Ch. 20 Stellar Evolution MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) A star (no matter what its mass) spends
More informationUNIT 3: Astronomy Chapter 26: Stars and Galaxies (pages )
CORNELL NOTES Directions: You must create a minimum of 5 questions in this column per page (average). Use these to study your notes and prepare for tests and quizzes. Notes will be turned in to your teacher
More informationPhysics HW Set 3 Spring 2015
1) If the Sun were replaced by a one solar mass black hole 1) A) life here would be unchanged. B) we would still orbit it in a period of one year. C) all terrestrial planets would fall in immediately.
More informationA star is a massive sphere of gases with a core like a thermonuclear reactor. They are the most common celestial bodies in the universe are stars.
A star is a massive sphere of gases with a core like a thermonuclear reactor. They are the most common celestial bodies in the universe are stars. They radiate energy (electromagnetic radiation) from a
More informationScience Period. Astronomy Unit PracticeTest 2014 Sci 7
Name: Date: Science Period Astronomy Unit PracticeTest 2014 Sci 7 Directions: Write the letter of the BEST answer on the appropriate space on the answer sheet. 2 points each 1.The model in which SUN is
More informationChapter 24. Stars, Galaxies & the Universe. Distance units
Chapter 24 Stars, Galaxies & the Universe Distance units To talk about space we need to come up with distance units a little more appropriate than just miles. Otherwise it would be like measuring from
More informationIntroduction to the Universe. What makes up the Universe?
Introduction to the Universe What makes up the Universe? Objects in the Universe Astrophysics is the science that tries to make sense of the universe by - describing the Universe (Astronomy) - understanding
More informationAstronomy. Study of objects in space such as the Sun, stars, planets, comets, gas, & galaxies. *Also, the Earth s place in the universe.
Astronomy Study of objects in space such as the Sun, stars, planets, comets, gas, & galaxies. *Also, the Earth s place in the universe. Universe = everything that exists Disclaimer: Astrology is NOT science!!!
More informationStar Formation A cloud of gas and dust, called a nebula, begins spinning & heating up. Eventually, it gets hot enough for fusion to take place, and a
Stars Star- large ball of gas held together by gravity that produces tremendous amounts of energy and shines Sun- our closest star Star Formation A cloud of gas and dust, called a nebula, begins spinning
More informationThey developed a graph, called the H-R diagram, that relates the temperature of a star to its absolute magnitude.
Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Russell noticed that stars with higher temperatures and large sizes also have brighter absolute magnitudes the actual amount of light given off by a star. (also referred to
More informationchapter 31 Stars and Galaxies
chapter 31 Stars and Galaxies Day 1:Technology and the Big Bang Studying the Stars A. Telescopes - Electromagnetic radiation emitted by stars and other objects include light, radio, and X-ray Space telescopes
More informationAstronomy Exam 3 - Sun and Stars
Astronomy Exam 3 - Sun and Stars Study online at quizlet.com/_4zgp6 1. `what are the smallest group of stars in the H-R diagram 2. A star has a parallax of 0.05". what is the distance from the earth? white
More informationAstronomy 104: Second Exam
Astronomy 104: Second Exam Stephen Lepp October 29, 2014 Each question is worth 2 points. Write your name on this exam and on the scantron. Short Answer A The Sun is powered by converting hydrogen to what?
More informationChapter 13 Notes The Deaths of Stars Astronomy Name: Date:
Chapter 13 Notes The Deaths of Stars Astronomy Name: Date: I. The End of a Star s Life When all the fuel in a star is used up, will win over pressure and the star will die nuclear fuel; gravity High-mass
More informationThe Universe. is space and everything in it.
The Universe is space and everything in it. Galaxies A galaxy is a supercluster of stars, gas, and dust that are held together by gravity. There are three main types of galaxies: Irregular Elliptical Spiral
More informationExam # 3 Tue 12/06/2011 Astronomy 100/190Y Exploring the Universe Fall 11 Instructor: Daniela Calzetti
Exam # 3 Tue 12/06/2011 Astronomy 100/190Y Exploring the Universe Fall 11 Instructor: Daniela Calzetti INSTRUCTIONS: Please, use the `bubble sheet and a pencil # 2 to answer the exam questions, by marking
More informationObserving the Night Sky. Observing the Night Sky. Observing the Night Sky. Observing the Night Sky. Observing the Night Sky. Chapter 29 THE UNIVERSE
Hewitt/Lyons/Suchocki/Yeh Conceptual Integrated Science Constellations are groups of stars named over antiquity. A familiar constellation is Ursa Major, the Great Bear. Chapter 29 THE UNIVERSE The monthly
More informationRecall what you know about the Big Bang.
What is this? Recall what you know about the Big Bang. Most of the normal matter in the universe is made of what elements? Where do we find most of this normal matter? Interstellar medium (ISM) The universe
More informationASTRONOMY 1 EXAM 3 a Name
ASTRONOMY 1 EXAM 3 a Name Identify Terms - Matching (20 @ 1 point each = 20 pts.) Multiple Choice (25 @ 2 points each = 50 pts.) Essays (choose 3 of 4 @ 10 points each = 30 pt 1.Luminosity D 8.White dwarf
More informationChapter 11 Review. 1) Light from distant stars that must pass through dust arrives bluer than when it left its star. 1)
Chapter 11 Review TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) Light from distant stars that must pass through dust arrives bluer than when it left its star. 1)
More informationInstructions. Students will underline the portions of the PowerPoint that are underlined.
STARS Instructions Students will underline the portions of the PowerPoint that are underlined. Nuclear Furnace 1. A star is like a gigantic nuclear furnace. 2. The nuclear reactions inside convert hydrogen
More informationPhys 100 Astronomy (Dr. Ilias Fernini) Review Questions for Chapter 9
Phys 0 Astronomy (Dr. Ilias Fernini) Review Questions for Chapter 9 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. We know that giant stars are larger in diameter than the sun because * a. they are more luminous but have about the
More informationLIFE CYCLE OF A STAR
LIFE CYCLE OF A STAR First stage = Protostar PROTOSTAR Cloud of gas and dust many light-years across Gravity tries to pull the materials together Eventually, at the center of the ball of dust and gas,
More informationThe Universe and Galaxies
The Universe and Galaxies 16.1 http://dingo.care-mail.com/cards/flash/5409/galaxy.swf Universe The sum of all matter and energy that exists, that has ever existed, and that will ever exist. We will focus
More informationChapter Introduction Lesson 1 The View from Earth Lesson 2 The Sun and Other Stars Lesson 3 Evolution of Stars Lesson 4 Galaxies and the Universe
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 The View from Earth Lesson 2 The Sun and Other Stars Lesson 3 Evolution of Stars Lesson 4 Galaxies and the Universe Chapter Wrap-Up What makes up the universe and how does
More informationPHYS103 Sec 901 Hour Exam No. 3 Practice Version 1 Page: 1
PHYS103 Sec 901 Hour Exam No. 3 Practice Version 1 Page: 1 PHYS103 Sec 901 Hour Exam No. 3 Practice Version 1 Page: 2 1 The HR diagram of a young, open cluster typically shows a. the entire main sequence
More informationAstronomy 102: Stars and Galaxies Examination 3 April 11, 2003
Name: Seat Number: Astronomy 102: Stars and Galaxies Examination 3 April 11, 2003 Do not open the test until instructed to begin. Instructions: Write your answers in the space provided. If you need additional
More informationLife Cycle of a Star Worksheet
Life Cycle of a Star Worksheet A STAR IS BORN STAGES COMMON TO ALL STARS All stars start as a nebula. A nebula is a large cloud of gas and dust. Gravity can pull some of the gas and dust in a nebula together.
More informationCh. 25 In-Class Notes: Beyond Our Solar System
Ch. 25 In-Class Notes: Beyond Our Solar System ES2a. The solar system is located in an outer edge of the disc-shaped Milky Way galaxy, which spans 100,000 light years. ES2b. Galaxies are made of billions
More informationCh. 16 & 17: Stellar Evolution and Death
Ch. 16 & 17: Stellar Evolution and Death Stars have lives: born, evolve, die Mass determines stellar evolution: Really Low Mass (0.08 to 0.4 M sun ) Low Mass: (0.4 to 4 M sun ) Long lives High Mass (4
More informationλ = 650 nm = c = m s 1 f =? c = fλ f = c λ = ( m s 1 ) ( m) = = Hz T = 1 f 4.
Chapter 13 Stars Section 13.1 Astronomical measurements Worked example: Try yourself 13.1.1 CALCULATING THE FREQUENCY AND PERIOD OF LIGHT The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 3.0 10 8 m s 1.
More informationTextbook Chapters 24 - Stars Textbook Chapter 25 - Universe. Regents Earth Science with Ms. Connery
Textbook Chapters 24 - Stars Textbook Chapter 25 - Universe Regents Earth Science with Ms. Connery SPECTROSCOPY is the study of light. Read to learn - textbook pages 674-677 STAR LIGHT gives us characteristics
More informationCh. 29 The Stars Stellar Evolution
Ch. 29 The Stars 29.3 Stellar Evolution Basic Structure of Stars Mass effects The more massive a star is, the greater the gravity pressing inward, and the hotter and more dense the star must be inside
More informationAbundance of Elements. Relative abundance of elements in the Solar System
Abundance of Elements Relative abundance of elements in the Solar System What is the origin of elements in the universe? Three elements formed in the first minutes after the big bang (hydrogen, helium
More informationStellar Astronomy Sample Questions for Exam 4
Stellar Astronomy Sample Questions for Exam 4 Chapter 15 1. Emission nebulas emit light because a) they absorb high energy radiation (mostly UV) from nearby bright hot stars and re-emit it in visible wavelengths.
More informationIntroduction to the Universe
What makes up the Universe? Introduction to the Universe Book page 642-644 Objects in the Universe Astrophysics is the science that tries to make sense of the universe by - describing the Universe (Astronomy)
More informationCHAPTER 9: STARS AND GALAXIES
CHAPTER 9: STARS AND GALAXIES Characteristics of the Sun 1. The Sun is located about 150 million kilometres from the Earth. 2. The Sun is made up of hot gases, mostly hydrogen and helium. 3. The size of
More information