Thibaut Paumard (MPE) F. Eisenhauer, R. Genzel, S. Rabien, S. Gillessen, F. Martins, T. Müller, G. Perrin, A. Eckart, W. Brandner, et al.
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1 The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY Thibaut Paumard (MPE) F. Eisenhauer, R. Genzel, S. Rabien, S. Gillessen, F. Martins, T. Müller, G. Perrin, A. Eckart, W. Brandner, et al. The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.1/21
2 The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY Thibaut Paumard (MPE) F. Eisenhauer, R. Genzel, S. Rabien, S. Gillessen, F. Martins, T. Müller, G. Perrin, A. Eckart, W. Brandner, et al. The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.1/21
3 The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY Thibaut Paumard (MPE) F. Eisenhauer, R. Genzel, S. Rabien, S. Gillessen, F. Martins, T. Müller, G. Perrin, A. Eckart, W. Brandner, et al. The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.1/21
4 The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY Thibaut Paumard (MPE) F. Eisenhauer, R. Genzel, S. Rabien, S. Gillessen, F. Martins, T. Müller, G. Perrin, A. Eckart, W. Brandner, et al. The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.1/21
5 The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY Thibaut Paumard (MPE) F. Eisenhauer, R. Genzel, S. Rabien, S. Gillessen, F. Martins, T. Müller, G. Perrin, A. Eckart, W. Brandner, et al. The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.1/21
6 The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY Thibaut Paumard (MPE) F. Eisenhauer, R. Genzel, S. Rabien, S. Gillessen, F. Martins, T. Müller, G. Perrin, A. Eckart, W. Brandner, et al. The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.1/21
7 The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY Thibaut Paumard (MPE) F. Eisenhauer, R. Genzel, S. Rabien, S. Gillessen, F. Martins, T. Müller, G. Perrin, A. Eckart, W. Brandner, et al. The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.1/21
8 The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY Thibaut Paumard (MPE) F. Eisenhauer, R. Genzel, S. Rabien, S. Gillessen, F. Martins, T. Müller, G. Perrin, A. Eckart, W. Brandner, et al. The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.1/21
9 The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY Thibaut Paumard (MPE) F. Eisenhauer, R. Genzel, S. Rabien, S. Gillessen, F. Martins, T. Müller, G. Perrin, A. Eckart, W. Brandner, et al. The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.1/21
10 Early SPIFFI spectra... (Paumard et al. 2004) early Wolf-Rayets (broad-line stars) The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.2/21
11 Early SPIFFI spectra... (Paumard et al. 2004) late Wolf-Rayets (broad-line stars) The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.2/21
12 Early SPIFFI spectra... (Paumard et al. 2004) LBVs (narrow-line stars) The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.2/21
13 Early SPIFFI spectra... (Paumard et al. 2004) absorption line (OB) stars finally detected! The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.2/21
14 Outline of the various SPIFFI/SINFONI H+K and K-band cubes superposed on an L-band NACO image > 90 early-type stars Paumard et al (ApJ, in press) The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.3/21
15 normalized flux HeI average of 9 OB III/V stars average of 10 OB I/II stars HeI NIII/CIII HeI HeI 7-4 HeII HeI HI 7-4 (Br ) NIII NV? Outline of the various SPIFFI/SINFONI H+K and K-band cubes superposed on an L-band NACO image > 90 early-type stars wavelength ( m) Paumard et al (ApJ, in press) The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.3/21
16 Early-type stars mostly on projected tangential orbits j = cos α SgrA* uϕ α u r v The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.4/21
17 The early-type stars live in two well defined disks v k = (v x,k, v y,k, v z,k ) = v k (sin θ k cos ϕ k, sin θ k sin ϕ k, cos θ k ). assume all v k are normal to a common vector n = (sin i cos Ω, sin i sin Ω, cos i), then 0 = n v k = sin i cos Ω sin θ k cos ϕ k sin i sin Ω sin θ k sin ϕ k cos i cos θ k sin i sin θ k cos(ω + ϕ k ) = cos i cos θ k cotan θ k = tan i cos(ω + ϕ k ). The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.5/21
18 The early-type stars live in two well defined disks v k = (v x,k, v y,k, v z,k ) = v k (sin θ k cos ϕ k, sin θ k sin ϕ k, cos θ k ). assume all v k are normal to a common vector n = (sin i cos Ω, sin i sin Ω, cos i), then 0 = n v k = sin i cos Ω sin θ k cos ϕ k sin i sin Ω sin θ k sin ϕ k cos i cos θ k sin i sin θ k cos(ω + ϕ k ) = cos i cos θ k cotan θ k = tan i cos(ω + ϕ k ). The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.5/21
19 IR HR diagram: 6 ± 2 Myr old population Flat IMF; Total mass < 10 4 M ; One disk small e, other disk large e; One disk contains GCIRS 13E: an extremely dense star cluster. Star formation in an accretion disk (two, actually) The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.6/21
20 The S-stars are not part of any disk NAOS/CONICA + SINFONI (Eisenhauer et al, 2005) The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.7/21
21 The S-stars are not part of any disk NAOS/CONICA + SINFONI (Eisenhauer et al, 2005) The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.7/21
22 SINFONI caught a good flare under good seeing conditions 4 h; 0.5 seeing; coherence 3 ms; time: 12 5 min; 32 4 min; peak: 8 mjy; redder than stars. The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.8/21
23 SINFONI caught a good flare under good seeing conditions 4 h; 0.5 seeing; coherence 3 ms; time: 12 5 min; 32 4 min; peak: 8 mjy; redder than stars. The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.8/21
24 Intra-flare flux/colour correlation blue red Gillessen et al (astro-ph/ ) The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.9/21
25 Intra-flare flux/colour correlation blue red Gillessen et al (astro-ph/ ) The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.9/21
26 25 mas = 3000 R S The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.10/21
27 Down-sized S-cluster Short orbital periods ( 1 yr); fast precession (validate GR); probe density profile closer to SgrA* (dark matter?); get the mass included within 100 R S. The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.11/21
28 PSF: 3 (V, ϕ) sets, K-band, 4 UTs 40 Assumed constraints: hours per obs.; 5 sp. elmnts from 2.0 to 2.4 microns; 20 dynamic range: 1 mag; 40 error on visibility: 1%; error on phase: 2. The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.12/21
29 Synthesised image The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.13/21
30 Synthesised image, cleaned The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.14/21
31 2 seasons proper motion Crude measured astrometry + input orbits The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.15/21
32 2 seasons proper motion Crude measured astrometry + input orbits The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.15/21
33 1 mas, 10 µas PRIMA/GRAVITY will offer astrometry with µasaccuracy: B = 100-m baseline; reference science objects distance: Θ = 1.2 ; 1 R S = 10 µas accuracy in t = 65 s integration time! (Glindemann & Lévêque 2000) The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.16/21
34 Orbitting blob model Hot spot on the last stable orbit Accretion disk t 0 Hot spot at t 0 t 1 t 3 t 1 t 3 t 2 t 2 Last stable orbit seen at high inclination Last stable orbit seen from above Motion of the flare = orbital motion of the clump on average = 0 The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.17/21
35 Astrometric model, i = 45 νl ν ν 0 y (RS) Luminosity x (R S ) Orbital phase Global centroid, lensing + beaming The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.18/21
36 Astrometric model, i = 80 νl ν ν 0 y (RS) Luminosity x (R S ) Orbital phase Global centroid, lensing + beaming The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.19/21
37 The light-curves don t fit (Overall raise and decay;) low contrast; time-variable contrast; The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.20/21
38 The light-curves don t fit (Overall raise and decay;) low contrast; time-variable contrast; extended component. The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.20/21
39 On flares 10 µas astrometry nature of flares; lightcurves of flares consistent with shearing hot spot on LSO; in that case, astrometry parameters of the BH; physical properties of inner disk; constrain BH size to a few R S ; explore a totally untested regime of gravity; probe spacetime at a few R S The Galactic Centre: from SINFONI to GRAVITY p.21/21
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