Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis

Transcription

1 Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis The effect of neutrinos on nucleosynthesis in core-collapse supernovae by Franziska Treffert [1] Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 1

2 Content Core-Collapse Supernovae and Nucleosynthesis Neutrino Matter Interactions Proton-to-Nucleon Ratio Nucleosynthesis Neutrino driven Winds Outer Shells Summary References Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 2

3 Content Core-Collapse Supernovae and Nucleosynthesis Neutrino Matter Interactions Proton-to-Nucleon Ratio Nucleosynthesis Neutrino driven Winds Outer Shells Summary References Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 3

4 Stellar Evolution [2] Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 4

5 Core-Collapse Supernova collapse stops when nuclear densities reached shock triggers explosion emission of neutrinos from the cooling core of ~10 MeV neutrinos can influence the ongoing nucleosynthesis [12] Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 5

6 Nucleosynthesis Big Bang Nucleosynthesis first 3 minutes after Big Bang mainly H and He [3] Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 6

7 Nucleosynthesis Big Bang Nucleosynthesis first 3 minutes after Big Bang mainly H and He Stellar Nucleosynthesis creation of nuclei up to Fe [3] [4] Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 7

8 Nucleosynthesis Big Bang Nucleosynthesis first 3 minutes after Big Bang mainly H and He Stellar Nucleosynthesis creation of nuclei up to Fe [3] Supernova Nucleosynthesis nuclei heavier than Fe produced [4] [5] Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 8

9 Nucleosynthesis [15] Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 9

10 Content Core-Collapse Supernovae and Nucleosynthesis Neutrino Matter Interactions Proton-to-Nucleon Ratio Nucleosynthesis Neutrino driven Winds Outer Shells Summary References charged-current neutral-current W +, W - Z Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 10

11 Neutrino Matter Interactions charged-current interactions interactions near the proto neutron star interactions in the outer shells Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 11

12 Neutrino Matter Interactions neutral-current interactions neutrino Bremsstrahlung neutrino pair production neutrino scattering A* decays Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 12

13 Neutrino Matter Interactions consider neutrinos produced in neutron star and interact via charged-current and neutral-current and interact via neutral-current and have less interactions and thus a higher energy composition mainly consists of neutrons absorbation more likely than absorbation hierarchy in energy Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 13

14 Neutrino Matter Interactions focus of talk [11] Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 14

15 Content Core-Collapse Supernovae and Nucleosynthesis Neutrino Matter Interactions Proton-to-Nucleon Ratio Nucleosynthesis: Neutrino driven Winds Outer Shells Summary References Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 15

16 Proton-to-Nucleon Ratio proton-to-nucleon ratio Y e determines nucleosynthesis processes Y e determined by charge current interactions Y e > 0.5 proton-rich matter Y e < 0.5 neutron-rich matter Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 16

17 Proton-to-Nucleon Ratio Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 17

18 Proton-to-Nucleon Ratio neutron-rich condititons matter proton-rich most of the time might be slightly neutron-rich at the beginning [11] Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 18

19 Content Core-Collapse Supernovae and Nucleosynthesis Neutrino Matter Interactions Proton-to-Nucleon Ratio Nucleosynthesis Neutrino driven Winds Outer Shells Summary References [12] Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 19

20 Nucleosynthesis Neutrino driven Winds seed production Y e fixed [7] Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 20

21 Nucleosynthesis Neutrino driven Winds Y e > 0.5 proton-rich after alpha rich freeze-out N=Z nuclei and free protons produced proton capture supplied by β + -decay high coulomb barrier limits proton capture proton capture until 64 Ge (n,p) supplies (p, γ) up to A~ Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 21

22 Nucleosynthesis Neutrino driven Winds [13] Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 22

23 Nucleosynthesis Neutrino driven Winds early wind phase Y e ~ 0,48 neutron capture weak r-process [17] Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 23

24 Content Core-Collapse Supernovae and Nucleosynthesis Neutrino Matter Interactions Proton-to-Nucleon Ratio Nucleosynthesis Neutrino driven Winds Outer Shells Summary References [4] Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 24

25 Nucleosynthesis Outer Shells 4 He(ν, νʹp) 3 H(α,γ) 7 Li or 4 He(ν, νʹn) 3 He(α,γ) 7 Be(e -,ν e ) 7 Li induced by and 12 C(ν,νʹp) 11 B and 20 Ne(ν,νʹn) 19 F 22 Na and 26 Al produced Induced by and 138 Ba(ν,e - ) 138 La and 180 Hf(ν,e - ) 180 Ta [6] Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 25

26 Content Core-Collapse Supernovae and Nucleosynthesis Neutrino Matter Interactions Proton-to-Nucleon Ratio Nucleosynthesis Neutrino driven Winds Outer Shells Summary References Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 26

27 Summary proton-to-nucleon ratio Y e determines processes in core collapse supernovae neutrino driven winds mainly by νp-process possibly weak r-process during early wind phase outer shells ν-process just distinct nuclei Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 27

28 References [1] [2] lecture notes Nuclear Astrophysics I by Martinez-Pinedo and Aumann [3] [4] [5] John J. Cowan, Friedrich-Karl Thielemann, R-Process Nucleosynthesis in Supernovae, Physics Today, October 2004 [6] K.G. Balasi, et. al., Neutrino-nucleus reactions and their role for supernova dynamics and nucleosynthesis, Progess in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Volume 85, November 2015, Pages [7] G. Martínez-Pinedo, et. al., Neutrinos and their impact on core-collapse supernova nucleosynthesis, to be published as a chapter in the book Handbook of Supernovae, edited by Athem W.Alsabti and Paul Murdin, Springer Verlag [8] H.-Th. Janka, et. al., Core-collapse supernovae: Reflections and directions, PTEP 01A309 (2012) [9] A:C: Phillips, The Physics of Stars, 2. Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 1994 [10] [11] M. Wu, et. al., Effects of neutrino oscillations on nucleosynthesis and neutrino signals for an 18M supernova model, Phys. Rev. D 91, , 13 March 2015 [12] H.-Th. Janka, et. al., Theory of core-collapse supernovae, Physics Reports 442 (2007) 38 74, 17 February 2007 [13] C. Fröhlich, et. al., Neutrino-induced nucleosynthesis of A > 64 nuclei: The νp-process, Astrophysics Journal, Nov [14] G. Martinez-Pinedo, et. al., Supernova neutrinos and nucleosynthesis, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys., Sep [15] [16] A. Heger, et. al., Neutrino Nucleosynthesis, Phys.Lett.B606: ,2005 [17] Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 28

29 Thank you for your attention! Any questions? Seminar Kernstruktur und nukleare Astrophysik Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis Franziska Treffert 29