u Today I will look for key ideas in the text to support the role gravity has on the formation of the planets.

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1 Space SC.8.E.5.4 SC.8.E.5.4: Explore the Law of Universal Gravitation by explaining the role that gravity plays in the formation of planets, stars, and solar systems, and determining their motions

2 Game Plan u Today I will look for key ideas in the text to support the role gravity has on the formation of the planets. u So that I can (1)explain what is gravity. u (2) explain role of mass and distance as it relates to gravity and how it relates to proportion. u (3) Explain the process that formed the solar system and it s stages. u I know I have it when I have completed my Cornell notes based on the Brain Pop/Lab on Magnets. u I have completed my lab reported and can relate the relationship between magnet and gravity.

3 Cornell Notes Gravity and the formation of the Solar system Essential Questions: Explain how gravity played a major role in forming the solar system. Questions 1. What does gravity depend on? 2.Explain how mass works with gravity. 3. Where does gravity pull you? 4. What is the difference between mass and weight? Ex. 5. Why is gravity so important? Notes Mass and distance The greater the mass the more it causes an attraction with objects around them. Name Date Period Page 15 Gravity always pulls you towards the center. Just like the trampoline created a dip to pull the marble in. Time and space bend. Mass is all stuff (matter in it) while gravity is the pull of gravity on an object. The moon 1/6 that of Earth If we didn t have gravity everything would fly off.

4 According to the Law of Universal Gravitation, the strength of gravitational attraction between two bodies in our solar system or elsewhere in space depends on two factors and their relationship to each other. Which two of the factors listed are involved in determining the force of gravity between two bodies in space? ua. speed and mass ub. time and motion uc. mass and distance ud. distance and speed

5 What is gravity? u A. a force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses u B. an unbalanced force that makes objects move in an elliptical path u C. the rotating cloud of gas and dust from which the sun and planets formed u D. the point in the orbit of a planet at which the planet is farthest from the sun

6 When you jump into the air, the force of Earth s gravity pulls you back down no matter how high, or where on Earth you jump. Which statement explains where and how Earth s gravity pulls on objects? u A. Earth s gravity acts from Earth s center and stops at Earth s surface. u B. Earth s gravity tries to pull every object from one side of the planet to the other. u C. Earth s gravity acts from the surface of Earth to pull everything in the air down. u D. Earth s center of gravity is the center of Earth, and gravity pulls downward toward that center from all sides of the planet.

7 The distance between objects, along with the masses of the objects, affect the gravitational force between the objects. Which statement is true according to Newton s law of universal gravitation? u A. When the masses of objects increase, gravitational force decreases. u B. When distance between objects increases, gravitational force decreases. u C. When distance between objects decreases, gravitational force decreases. u D. When the masses of objects decrease, the distance between objects decreases.

8 Which configuration will result in the greatest gravitational force? u A. small masses far apart u B. large masses far apart u C. small masses close together u D. large masses close together

9 Weight and mass are related, but they are not the same thing. If you weigh 115 kilograms on Earth, you would weigh 19 kilograms on the Moon and almost 272 kilograms on Jupiter. Which statement explains why your weight would be different on these bodies in the solar system? u A. Weight and mass determine how much an object weighs and a person has less mass on the moon but more on Jupiter. u B. Weight is the amount of matter an object contains and mass is related to gravity. u C. Gravity is more important than weight in measuring the mass of an object on different planets. u D. Mass is the amount of matter an object contains, but the weight of an object is due to gravitational force acting on that mass, and the strength of gravitation varies on different objects in the solar system.

10 Cornell Notes Magnets and gravity Essential Questions: Explain how magnets are similar to gravity? Name Date Period Page Questions 1. How are magnets similar with gravity in size or mass 2. What happens when you increase the distance in magnets? 3. What causes the paper clip to move without the magnets touching. 4. Are you able to cause the magnets to spin, Explain? Notes The bigger the magnet the greater the pull just like the mass of objects. The greater the distance the weaker the attraction like objects being further in space. The magnetic force causes the paper clip to move just like gravity that pulls on objects. You have to have the magnets at a certain distance but not allowing the objects to touch.

11 Gravity is one of the fundamental forces in nature. It plays an important role in the formation of planets, stars, galaxies, and solar systems. To explain gravity, English physicist Sir Isaac Newton in 1687 published his Law of Universal Gravitation. Which statement gives the best overall definition of gravitation, or the force of gravity, according to Newton s law? u A. Gravitation is a force that makes the Earth rotate. u B. Gravitation is a force that makes the Sun so hot that it shines. u C. Gravitation is a force that pulls together all matter in the universe. u D. Gravitation is a force that keeps the Sun, planets, and other objects apart.

12 Which of these choices states Newton s law of universal gravitation? u A. As a planet moves around its orbit, the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal amounts of time. u B. The orbit of a planet, or other body, around the sun is an ellipse, with the sun at one focus of the ellipse. u C. The square of a planet s orbital period is proportional to the cube of the planet s mean distance from the sun. u D. Gravitational force increases as the mass of an object increases or as the distance between two objects decreases.

13 Which statement best explains the effect that distance has on gravitational attraction according to the Law of Universal Gravitation? u A. When the gravitational force is reduced by 1/4, the objects are forced twice as far apart. u B. When the distance between two objects doubles, the gravitational attraction between them doubles. u C. The law states that the gravitational force between two objects is inversely proportional to the distance between them. u D. The laws states that the gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the distance between them. u

14 Foldable Gravity Illustrate mass in distance with two objects. Demonstrate an increase and decrease in both. Explain the role distance has on gravity according the Law of universal gravitation. How far does gravity extend in space? What is a black hole?

15 Foldable Gravity Answers Weakest Strongest The gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to their masses, so the force increases with more mass and decreases with less. Gravity extends at least to the edge of the known universe, about 13 billion light years away. other galaxies contains an object so dense that its gravity prevents even light from escaping

16 The distance between objects, along with the masses of the objects, affect the gravitational force between the objects. Which statement is true according to Newton s law of universal gravitation? u A. When the masses of objects increase, gravitational force decreases. u B. When distance between objects increases, gravitational force decreases. u C. When distance between objects decreases, gravitational force decreases. u D. When the masses of objects decrease, the distance between objects decreases.

17 Which statement best explains how distance and the different masses in this illustration affect gravitational attraction? u A. The gravitational force between two objects is more dependent on their distance from each other than on their masses. u B. The gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to their masses, so the force increases with more mass and decreases with less. u C. The gravitational force between two objects is inversely proportional to their masses, so the force decreases with more and increases with less mass. u D. When the mass of one object doubles, the gravitational force between two objects quadruples and doubles when the masses of both objects double.

18 Gravity holds the stars in the Milky Way together as the galaxy rotates about its center. Astronomers think that the center of the Milky Way and other galaxies contains an object so dense that its gravity prevents even light from escaping. What is the name of such an object? ua. nebula ub. uc. black hole star group ud. supercluster

19 The force of gravity pulls your body back toward the center of Earth, no matter how high you jump. The force of gravity holds the moon in orbit around the Earth. Which statement correctly tells how far out into space this gravitational attraction can act on objects? u A. Gravity extends to the edge of the Milky Way. u B. Gravity extends to the orbit of Neptune, the most distant planet in the solar system. u C. Gravity extends at least to the edge of the known universe, about 13 billion light years away. u D. Gravity extends through the Local Group, the cluster of galaxies to which the Milky Way belongs.

20 Cornell Notes Formation of the Solar System Essential Questions: Explain the process that formed the solar system? Questions 1. Write 3 details about the video. 2. Describe the motion of the vermiculite around the middle and the edge. 3. Why does the vermiculate eventually slow down? 4. How is that different than the solar systems motions Notes Name Date Period Page New solar systems form around gas (Hydrogen and Helium) and dust with an explosion The new beginning of formation is as a protostar. When the sun our star forms it starts to pull inwardly Through gravity our planets In the middle the vermiculite moves faster and around it s Edges slower The vermiculite slows down because through is no longer Force generated by the move of my hand. In space gravity continues to pull on planets around the Sun.

21 Explain how the distance between celestial bodies impacts their gravitational attraction. uthe closer celestial bodies are to one another, the greater their gravitational attraction.

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23 Which statement best explains the role of gravity in creating this orbital pattern? u A. Gravity from the Sun is holding planets up so they do not fall from orbit. u B. Gravity is pushing planets to orbital speeds in order to go around the Sun. u C. Gravitational force between planets and the Sun is holding the planets in orbit. u D. Gravity is allowing all the planets to achieve their escape velocity and orbit the Sun.

24 Which statement below best explains how gravity began the process that formed the solar system? u A. The planets formed from the gravity of gas and dust and held the Sun in place in the center. u B. The cloud of gas and dust started to swirl because of gravity and formed the planets, which broke apart and formed the Sun. u C. The force of its own gravity pulled the Sun into the center of the dust and gas cloud, which then came together to form the planets. u D. The force of its own gravity pulled gas and dust toward the center of the cloud, the swirling mass in the center became the Sun, and leftover matter around the Sun became the planets.

25 Which statement best explains the effect that distance has on gravitational attraction according to the Law of Universal Gravitation? u A. When the gravitational force is reduced by 1/4, the objects are forced twice as far apart. u B. When the distance between two objects doubles, the gravitational attraction between them doubles. u C. The law states that the gravitational force between two objects is inversely proportional to the distance between them. u D. The laws states that the gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the distance between them.

26 Sequence Challenge 1 the swirling mass in the center became the Sun 2 The force of its own gravity pulled gas and dust toward the center of the cloud 3 around the Sun became the planets 4 the swirling mass in the center became the Sun and leftover matter

27 Explain how the mass of two celestial bodies impacts their gravitational attraction. uthe greater the mass of the celestial bodies, the greater their gravitational attraction.

28 Using the law of gravitational attraction, explain why planets revolve around the Sun and why their speed of revolution increases as they near the Sun. uthe gravitational attraction between the planets and the Sun is greater the closer they are to each other, causing the planet to speed up in its revolution around the Sun.

29 What role did gravity play in the formation of our solar system? uthe formation of the solar system is thought to have begun 4.6 billion years ago when a cloud of gas and dust collapsed under its own gravity due to the explosion of a nearby star.