Inquiry 4.1. Investigating Seasons on Earth
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1 Inquiry 4.1 Investigating Seasons on Earth
2 PROCEDURE 1. Insert the rod labeled E through your globe to form an axis of rotation. 2. Stick the rod of your globe into the center hole of Side B of the SEM Board.
3 3. How can you use these materials to recreate winter and summer shadows on your globe? Discuss your ideas with your group.
4 4. Place a removable dot in the center of your workspace. Place four additional removable dots approximately 30 cm from that dot to form a cross. Label the center dot S. Label the outside dots A, B, C, and D for the four seasons, as shown in Figure 4.3.
5 5. Position the SEM Board so that the rod of your globe is approximately over the dot labeled A. Position the board so that the hole on the board marked 1 is closest to your S dot, as shown in Figure 4.4.
6 6. Hold the Mini Maglite over the S so that the light shines on the equator of your globe. Slowly rotate the globe counter-clockwise so the earth experiences day and then night. Observe the shadows Do this several times. Discuss your observations with your group.
7 7. Record a description of your observations in your notebook. Label your observations A. You may want to draw a picture as well.
8 8. Now slide your SEM board counterclock- wise around your Mini Maglite until the axis of your globe rests approximately over the dot labeled B, as shown in Figure 4.5. Keep the axis of your globe facing the same direction as it was in Step 6. This means that the hole on the board marked 3 should now be closest to your S dot and your globe is still leaning toward the hole marked 5.
9 9. Examine the new position of your board. How many months would it take Earth to move one-fourth of its orbit around the Sun (from dot A to B )? Discuss your ideas with your group.
10 10. Keep your Mini Maglite over the dot labeled S, but shine it on your globe. Rotate your globe counterclockwise on its axis. Discuss your observations. Record them in your notebook. Label your observations B.
11 11. Repeat Step 10 with the dot labeled C. Keep the axis of your globe facing the hole on the board marked 5, which should now be closest to the S dot. Keep the Mini Maglite over the dot labeled S but face it toward the globe. Discuss, record, and label your observations.
12 12. Repeat Step 11 with the dot labeled D. The hole on the board marked 7 should now be closest to your S dot.
13 REFLECTING ON WHAT YOU VE DONE Answer the following questions in your science notebooks: A. Describe and draw the position of the Sun and Earth during winter in the Northern Hemisphere. B. Describe and draw the position of the Sun and Earth during summer in the Northern Hemisphere.
14 C. Why are summer and winter 6 months apart? D. What is happening in the Southern Hemisphere when it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere?
15 E. Earth travels in a slightly elliptical orbit around the Sun. Therefore, Earth is closer to the Sun in December than it is in June. If Earth is closer to the Sun in December, why is December in the Northern Hemisphere colder than June? F. What did you learn in this lab that helps you to describe one reason why winter is colder than summer?
16 Inquiry 4.1 Investigating Seasons on Earth
17 PROCEDURE 1. Insert the rod labeled E through your globe to form an axis of rotation. 2. Stick the rod of your globe into the center hole of Side B of the SEM Board.
18 3. How can you use these materials to recreate winter and summer shadows on your globe? Discuss your ideas with your group.
19 4. Place a removable dot in the center of your workspace. Place four additional removable dots approximately 30 cm from that dot to form a cross. Label the center dot S. Label the outside dots A, B, C, and D for the four seasons, as shown in Figure 4.3.
20 5. Position the SEM Board so that the rod of your globe is approximately over the dot labeled A. Position the board so that the hole on the board marked 1 is closest to your S dot, as shown in Figure 4.4.
21 6. Hold the Mini Maglite over the S so that the light shines on the equator of your globe. Slowly rotate the globe counter-clockwise so the earth experiences day and then night. Observe the shadows Do this several times. Discuss your observations with your group.
22 7. Record a description of your observations in your notebook. Label your observations A. You may want to draw a picture as well.
23 8. Now slide your SEM board counterclock- wise around your Mini Maglite until the axis of your globe rests approximately over the dot labeled B, as shown in Figure 4.5. Keep the axis of your globe facing the same direction as it was in Step 6. This means that the hole on the board marked 3 should now be closest to your S dot and your globe is still leaning toward the hole marked 5.
24 9. Examine the new position of your board. How many months would it take Earth to move one-fourth of its orbit around the Sun (from dot A to B )? Discuss your ideas with your group.
25 10. Keep your Mini Maglite over the dot labeled S, but shine it on your globe. Rotate your globe counterclockwise on its axis. Discuss your observations. Record them in your notebook. Label your observations B.
26 11. Repeat Step 10 with the dot labeled C. Keep the axis of your globe facing the hole on the board marked 5, which should now be closest to the S dot. Keep the Mini Maglite over the dot labeled S but face it toward the globe. Discuss, record, and label your observations.
27 12. Repeat Step 11 with the dot labeled D. The hole on the board marked 7 should now be closest to your S dot.
28 REFLECTING ON WHAT YOU VE DONE Answer the following questions in your science notebooks: A. Describe and draw the position of the Sun and Earth during winter in the Northern Hemisphere. B. Describe and draw the position of the Sun and Earth during summer in the Northern Hemisphere.
29 C. Why are summer and winter 6 months apart? D. What is happening in the Southern Hemisphere when it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere?
30 E. Earth travels in a slightly elliptical orbit around the Sun. Therefore, Earth is closer to the Sun in December than it is in June. If Earth is closer to the Sun in December, why is December in the Northern Hemisphere colder than June? F. What did you learn in this lab that helps you to describe one reason why winter is colder than summer?
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