Calibration of photo sensors for the space-based cosmic ray telescope JEM-EUSO

Transcription

1 Calibration of photo sensors for the space-based cosmic ray telescope JEM-EUSO Michael Karus for the JEM-EUSO Collaboration Carpathian Summer School of Physics 2014 Sinaia Romania July 2014 Michael Karus Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Extreme Universe Space Observatory onboard Japanese Experiment Module KIT University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association

2 Outline The JEM-EUSO mission Pathfinders EUSO-Balloon EUSO-TA JEM-EUSO readout electronics Calibration MAPMTs & SiPMs Outlook 2

3 Science Objectives Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum at highest energies Identification of sources and source regions E>5x10 19 ev Exploratory Objectives: Multi-messenger approach (n, g-rays) Galactic magnetic fields Atmospheric science (lightning, night glow, ) Meteors and meteoroids 3

4 nm Dragon Falcon 9 ground based calibrations 4 DGP Mainz, Mar. 2014

5 JEM-EUSO Overview Detection principle UV-photons Fluorescence light Cherenkov light Field of view 60 opening angle three Fresnel lenses J.H. Adams Jr. Et al. / Astroparticle Physics 44 (2013) Observation area km² (nadir mode) ~ km² (tilt mode) Start planned for

6 JEM-EUSO Observation area Andrea Santangelo Kepler Center-Tübingen Nadir mode Tilt mode 6

7 JEM-EUSO Full sky coverage 4π coverage Very uniform observation of the arrival direction of EECR per year Inclination: 51.6 Altitude: ~400 km 7

8 JEM-EUSO Detector 8

9 EUSO-Balloon Look down from a balloon with an UV-telescope 1 PDM + 1 IR-camera + Optics Support Equipment Helicopter + UV-Laser UV-Flashers on ground Goals: Engineering test Background light test Air shower from 40 km altitude Organized by CNES Whole instrument assembled First flight in August 2014 from Timmins (Canada) 9

10 EUSO-TA EUSO-TA installed at Black Rock Mesa FD Station Electron Light Source at 100m Most nearby SD is at ~3.5 km Central Laser Facility ~21km Background test Calibration test 10

11 EUSO-TA 11

12 JEM-EUSO Readout Electronics SPACIROC (Spatial Photomultiplier Array Counting and Integrating Chip) ASICs developed by Omega Micro group (CNRS-IN2P3 Paris) 64 Channels Preamplifier & Q-to-T converter Photon counting & charge measurement Low power consumption (1mW/Channel) Mounted on ASIC-Boards 12

13 JEM-EUSO Readout Electronics Production of 12 ASIC-boards for both pathfinders by KIT Test of these boards Production of elementary cells by KIT HV-, Anode-, Dynode-board, connectors 13

14 JEM-EUSO Readout Electronics Production of 12 ASIC-boards for both pathfinders by KIT Test of these boards Production of elementary cells by KIT HV-, Anode-, Dynode-board, connectors 14

15 JEM-EUSO Readout Electronics Production of 12 ASIC-boards for both pathfinders by KIT Test of these boards Production of elementary cells by KIT HV-, Anode-, Dynode-board, connectors Designed to save space 15

16 JEM-EUSO Data Aquisition CCB HK FEE ASIC FPGA Count 9 EC PDM-Board 137 PDM Cluster Control Board FPGA Fine Trigger 20 CCB CPU Spacewire Clock Board GPS Data Storage Software HK CPU EC-Prototype ASIC-Board 16

17 Calibration principle Photon-Efficiency = N PMT N 17

18 Set-up Photon shielding Motorized x- and y-stages Mounted on breadboard Reference light Source Integrating sphere LED-array NIST-photodiode Collimator Multiplexer 64 channels 16 Channels In progress: Mount for MAPMTs/ECs Connector board Software 18 Prospective EHECR Observatory JEM-EUSO

19 Set-up Calibration stand designed to fit one whole PDM (2,0 x 1,0 x 1,0 m³) 19

20 Reference light source Uniform Lambertian light source Known output via NIST-Photodiode 56 mm 13,5 cm 20

21 SiPMs for JEM-EUSO Advantages: High gain Small depth Low mass Insensitive to magnetic fields Low voltage Scalability Large arrays possible Open problems to solve: Wavelength dependent efficiency Efficiency drops at wavelengths smaller than 350nm Strong fluorescence signal from 300nm upwards For Cherenkov light no problem Radiation hardness Temperature stability in space Fast readout necessary SiPM integrated on top of ASIC 4 x 4 Pixels Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. 21

22 The latest status of JEM-EUSO TA-EUSO EUSO-Balloon AO from NASA in 2014? 2015 two opportunities Collaboration with Russian project, KLYPVE TUS K-EUSO 22

23 Outlook Calibration of MAPMTs/SiPMs Single pixel scan Illumination of whole MAPMT/EC/PDM Inflight calibration Smaller light source SiPM for JEM-EUSO Swap MAPMT-PDMs with SiPM-PDMs? Possible pathfinder experiment In development (Omega Micro): Integrated SiPM-array on top of ASICs Fast readout Compact & low mass 23

24 Backup Slides 24

25 BACKUP - Reference light source Measurement of light fluxes at both exit ports 13,5 cm 25

26 BACKUP - Reference light source Measurement of collimator ratio with different light levels Calculated Coll-Ratio (Geometry): B B A A Coll-Ratio ± Ratio ± mm Light level after collimator is one order of magnitude to big. 26

27 BACKUP - Reference light source Measurement of light emission spectrum from integrating sphere 56 mm 27

28 BACKUP - Reference light source Comparison of NIST-calibrated photodiode with our Ophir photodiode Avg. ratio: Std. dev.: % deviation 56 mm Light level after collimator is one order of magnitude to big. 28

29 BACKUP - Single photoelectron spectrum Poisson distribution N 1 < 1% N 0 Gain C. Blaksley 29