Chapter Modern Physics

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1 121 Chapter Modern Physics 1. Diameter of a plano-convex lens is 6 cm and thickness at the centre is 3 mm. If speed of light in material of lens is m/s, the focal length of the lens is [2013] 15 cm 20 cm 30 cm 10 cm 2. A beam of unpolarised light of intensity I 0 is passed through a polaroid A and then through another polaroid B which is oriented so that its principal plane makes an angle of 45 relative to that of A. The intensity of the emergent light is [2013] I0 I0/2 I0/4 I0/8 3. [2013] points straight lines semi-circles concentric circles 4. The graph between angle of deviation (δ) and angle of incidence (i) for a triangular prism is represented by [2013] 5. If 13.6 ev energy is required to ionize the hydrogen atom, then the energy required to remove an electron from n = 2 is [2002] 10.2 ev 0 ev 3.4 ev 6.8 ev. 6. At absolute zero, Si acts as [2002] non-metal metal insulator none of these 7. At a specific instant emission of radioactive compound is deflected in a magnetic field. The compound can emit (i) electrons (ii) protons (iii) He2+ (iv) neutrons The emission at instant can be [2002] i, ii, iii i, ii, iii, iv iv ii, iii 8. Sodium and copper have work functions 2.3 ev and 4.5 ev respectively. Then the ratio of the wavelengths is nearest to [2002] 1: 2 4: 1 2: 1 1: 4

122 9. 5. Formation of covalent bonds in compounds exhibits [2002] wave nature of electron particle nature of electron both wave and particle nature of electron none of these 10.

2 Formation of covalent bonds in compounds exhibits [2002] wave nature of electron particle nature of electron both wave and particle nature of electron none of these 10. If N0 is the original mass of the substance of half-life period t1/2 = 5 years, then the amount of substance left after 15 years is [2002] N0/8 N0/16 N0/2 N0/4 11. By increasing the temperature, the specific resistance of a conductor and a semiconductor [2002] increases for both decreases for both increases, decreases decreases, increases 12. The energy band gap is maximum in [2002] metals superconductors insulators semiconductors. 13. The part of a transistor which is most heavily doped to produce large number of majority carriers is [2002] emmiter base collector can be any of the above three. 14. Which of the following are not electromagnetic waves? [2002] cosmic rays gamma rays β-rays X-rays. 15. A strip of copper and another of germanium are cooled from room temperature to 80K. The resistance of [2003] each of these decreases copper strip increases and that of germanium decreases copper strip decreases and that of germanium increases each of these increases 16. Which of the following radiations has the least wavelength? [2003] γ-rays β rays α -rays X -rays 17. When a U 238 nucleus originally at rest, decays by emitting an alpha particle having a speed u, the recoil speed of the residual nucleus is [2003] 18. The difference in the variation of resistance with temeperature in a metal and a semiconductor arises essentially due to the difference in the [2003] crystal sturcture variation of the number of charge carriers with temperature type of bonding variation of scattering mechanism with temperature 19. A radioactive sample at any instant has its disintegration rate 5000 disintegrations per minute. After 5 minutes, the rate is 1250 disintegrations per minute. Then, the decay constant (per minute) is [2003] 0.4 ln ln ln ln A nucleus with Z= 92 emits the following in a sequence: α. β -, β -, α, α, α, α, α, β -, β -, α, β +, β +, α Then Z of the resulting nucleus is [2003] Two identical photocathodes receive light of frequencies f1 and f2. If the velocites of the photo electrons

3 123 (of mass m) coming out are respectively v1 and v2, then [2003] Which of the following cannot be emitted by radioactive substances during their decay? [2003] Protons Neutrinoes Helium nuclei Electrons 23. [2003] 10 7 K 10 5 K 10 3 K 10 9 K 24. Which of the following atoms has the lowest ionization potential? [2003] [2003] the size of the two nuclei are different the nuclear forces are different in the two cases the masses of the two nuclei are different the atraction between the electron and the nucleus is differernt in the two cases 26. In the middle of the depletion layer of a reverse- biased p-n junction, the [2003] electric field is zero potential is maximum electric field is maximum potential is zero 27. If the binding energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom is 13.6eV, the energy required to remove the electron from the first excited state of Li ++ is [2003] 30.6 ev 13.6 ev 3.4 ev ev 28. A radiation of energy E falls normally on a perfectly reflecting surface. The momentum transferred to the surface is [2004] Ec 2E/c E/c E/c According to Einstein s photoelectric equation, the plot of the kinetic energy of the emitted photo electrons from a metal Vs the frequency, of the incident radiation gives as straight the whose slope [2004] depends both on the intensity of the radiation and the metal used depends on the intensity of the radiation depends on the nature of the metal used is the same for the all metals and independent of the intensity of the radiation 30. The work function of a substance is 4.0 ev. The longest wavelength of light that can cause photoelectron emission from this substance is approximately. [2004] 310 nm 400 nm 540 nm 220 nm

4 A nucleus disintegrated into two nuclear parts which have their velocities in the ratio of 2:1. The ratio of their nuclear sizes will be [2004] 3 ½ : 1 1:2 1/3 2 1/3 :1 1:3 ½ 32. Heisenberg s uncertainty principle Boltzmann s law 38. When p-n junction diode is forward biased then [2004] both the depletion region and barrier height are reduced the depletion region is widened and barrier height is reduced the depletion region is reduced and barrier height is increased Both the depletion region and barrier height are increased 39. [2004] 23.6 MeV 26.9 MeV 13.9 MeV 19.2 MeV 33. An α-particle of energy 5 MeV is scattered through 180 by a fixed uranium nucleus. The distance of closest approach is of the order of [2004] cm cm 1A cm 34. When npn transistor is used as an amplifier [2004] electrons move from collector to base holes move from emitter to base electrons move from base to collector holes move from base to emitter 35. For a transistor amplifier in common emitter configuration for load impedance of 1kΩ (hfe = 50 and hoe = 25) the current gain is [2004] A piece of copper and another of germanium are cooled from room temperature to 77K, the resistance of [2004] copper increases and germanium decreases each of them decreases each of them increases copper decreases and germanium increases 37. The manifestation of band structure in solids is due to [2004] Bohr s correspondence principle Pauli s exclusion principle [2005] 8 fermi 6 fermi 5 fermi 4 fermi 40. [2005] 15 minutes 10 minutes 15/2 minutes 5 minutes 41. A photocell is illuminated by a small bright source placed 1 m away. When the same source of light is placed 1/2 m away, the number of electrons emitted by photocathode would [2005] increase by a factor of 4 decrease by a factor of 4 increase by a factor of 2 decrease by a factor of The electrical conductivity of a semiconductor increases when electromagnetic radiation of wavelength shorter than 2480 nm is incident on it. The band gap in (ev) for the semiconductor is [2005] 2.5 ev 1.1 ev 0.7 ev 0.5 ev

5 The intensity of gamma radiation from a given source is I. On passing through 36 mm of lead, it is reduced to I/8. The thickness of lead which will reduce the intensity to I/2 will be [2005] 9 mm 6 mm 12 mm 18 mm 44. In a common base amplifier, the phase difference between the input signal voltage and output voltage is [2005] π π/4 π/ [2005] IV III II I 46. If the kinetic energy of a free electron doubles, it s debroglie wavelength changes by the factor [2005] 2 ½ 2 1/ [2005] 48. In a full wave rectifier circuit operating from 50 Hz mains frequency, the fundamental frequency in the ripple would be [2005] 25 Hz 50 Hz 70.7 Hz 100 Hz 49. In a common base mode of a transistor, the collector current is ma for an emitter current of 5.60 ma. The value of the base current amplification factor (β) will be [2006] The threshold frequency for a metallic surface corresponds to an energy of 6.2 ev and the stopping potential for a radiation incident on this surface is 5 V. The incident radiation lies in [2006] ultra-violet region infra-red region visible region X-ray region 51. An alpha nucleus of energy 1/2 mv 2 bombards a heavy nuclear target of charge Ze. Then the distance of closest approach for the alpha nucleus will be proportional to [2006] v 2 1/m 1/v 2 1/Ze 52. The time taken by a photoelectron to come out after the photon strikes is approximately [2006] 10 4 s s s 10 1 s 53. When 3Li 7 nuclei are bombarded by protons, and the resultant nuclei are 4Be 8, the emitted particles will be [2006] alpha particles beta particles gamma photons neutrons 54. The energy spectrum of β-particles [number N(E) as a function of β-energy E] emitted from a radioactive source is [2006]

6 A 58. In the following, which one of the diodes reverse biased? [2006] 55. A solid which is not transparent to visible light and whose conductivity increases with temperature is formed by [2006] Ionic bonding Covalent bonding Vander Waals bonding Metallic bonding 56. If the ratio of the concentration of electrons to that of holes in a semiconductor is 7/5 and the ratio of currents is 7/4, then what is the ratio of their drift velocities? [2006] 5/8 4/5 5/4 4/7 59. The anode voltage of a photocell is kept fixed. The wavelength λ of the light falling on the cathode is gradually changed. The plate current I of the photocell varies as follows [2006] 57. [2006] 1.71 A 2.00 A 2.31 A

7 [2007] [2006] MeV MeV 1.46 MeV 39.2 MeV 61. The 'rad' is the correct unit used to report the measurement of [2006] the ability of a beam of gamma ray photons to produce ions in a target the energy delivered by radiation to a target the biological effect of radiation the rate of decay of a radioactive source 65. In gamma ray emission from a nucleus [2007] only the proton number changes both the neutron number and the proton number change there is no change in the proton number and the neutron number only the neutron number changes [2007] [2006] All Ec, Eg, Ev increase Ec and Ev increase, but Eg decreases Ec and Ev decrease, but Eg increases All Ec, Eg, Ev decrease 63. The rms value of the electric field of the light coming from the Sun is 720 N/C. The average total energy density of the electromagnetic wave is [2006] J/m J/m J/m J/m Photon of frequency v has a momentum associated with it. If c is the velocity of light, the momentum is [2007]

8 128 hv/ c v /c h v c hv/ c The half-life period of a radio-active element X is same as the mean life time of another radio-active element Y. Initially they have the same number of atoms. Then [2007] X and Y decay at same rate always X will decay faster than Y Y will decay faster than X X and Y have same decay rate initially 69. Carbon, silicon and germanium have four valence electrons each. At room temperature which one of the following statements is most appropriate? [2007] The number of free electrons for conduction is significant only in Si and Ge but small in C. The number of free conduction electrons is significant in C but small in Si and Ge. The number of free conduction electrons is negligibly small in all the three. The number of free electrons for conduction is significant in all the three. 50 V 500 V 1000 V Which of the following transitions in hydrogen atoms emit photons of highest frequency? [2007] n = 1 to n = 2 n = 2 to n = 6 n = 6 to n = 2 n = 2 to n = [2008] 2000 V [2008] 73. This question contains Statement-1 and statement-2. Of the four choices given after the statements, choose the one that best describes the two statements. Statement-1: Energy is released when heavy nuclei undergo fission or light nuclei undergo fusion and Statement-2: For heavy nuclei, binding energy per nucleon increases with increasing Z while for light nuclei it decreases with increasing Z. [2008] Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1 Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1 Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false 74. A working transistor with its three legs marked P, Q and R is tested using a multimeter. No conduction is found between P and Q. By connecting the common (negative) terminal of the multimeter to R and the other (positive) terminal to P or Q, some resistance is seen on the multimeter. Which of the following is true for the transistor? [2008]

9 129 It is an npn transistor with R as base It is a pnp transistor with R as collector It is a pnp transistor with R as emitter It is an npn transistor with R as collector The surface of a metal is illuminted with the light of 400 nm. The kinetic energy of the ejected photoelectrons was found to be 1.68 ev. The work function of the metal is: (hc = 1240 ev.nm) [2009] 1.41 ev 1.51 ev 1.68 ev 3.09 ev 79. [2008] 76. [2009] and (iii) (ii) and (iv) (ii) and (iii) and (iv) 80. [2008] NOR gate AND gate NAND gate OR gate 77. The transition from the state n = 4 to n = 3 in a hydrogen like atom results in ultraviolet radiation. Infrared radiation will be obtained in the transition from: [2009] [2009]

10 [2009] Statement -1 is true, Statement -2 is true; Statement -2 is the correct explanation of Statement -1. Statement -1 is true, Statement -2 is true; Statement -2 is not the correct explanation of Statement -1 Statement -1 is false, Statement -2 is true. Statement -1 is true, Statement -2 is false. 83. DIRECTIONS: Question are based on the following paragraph. A nucleus of mass M + Δm is at rest and decays into two daughter nuclei of equal mass M/2 each. Speed of light is c. Q. The binding energy per nucleon for the parent nucleus is E1 and that for the daughter nuclei is E2. Then [2010] E2 = 2E1 E1 > E2 E2 > E1 E1 = 2E2 84. DIRECTIONS: Question are based on the following paragraph. A nucleus of mass M + Δm is at rest and decays into two daughter nuclei of equal mass M/2 each. Speed of light is c. Q. The speed of daughter nuclei is [2010] 85. A radioactive nucleus (initial mass number A and atomic number Z emits 3 α - particles and 2 positrons. The ratio of number of neutrons to that of protons in the final nucleus will be [2010] 82. Statement -1: When ultraviolet light is incident on a photocell, its stopping potential is V0 and the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons is Kmax.When the ultraviolet light is replaced by X-rays, both V0 and Kmax increase. Statement -2: Photoelectrons are emitted with speeds ranging from zero to a maximum value because of the range of frequencies present in the incident light. [2010]

131 86. [2010] OR gate NOT gate XOR gate NAND gate 87.

11 [2010] OR gate NOT gate XOR gate NAND gate 87. If a source of power 4kW produces photons/second, the radiation belongs to a part of the spectrum called [2010] X -rays ultraviolet rays microwaves γ -rays 88. This question has Statement 1 and Statement 2. Of the four choices given after the statements, choose the one that best describes the two statements. Statement 1: Sky wave signals are used for long distance radio communication. These signals are in general, less stable than ground wave signals. Statement 2: The state of ionosphere varies from hour to hour, day to day and season to season. [2011] Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is the correct explanation of Statement 1. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is not the correct explanation of Statement 1. Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false. 89. Energy required for the electron excitation in Li ++ from the first to the third Bohr orbit is: [2011] 36.3 ev ev ev 12.1 ev 90. The half life of a radioactive substance is 20 minutes. The approximate time interval (t2 t1) between the time t2 when 2/3 of it had decayed and time t1 when 1/3 of it had decayed is: [2011] 14 min 20 min 28 min 7 min 91. This question has Statement 1 and Statement 2. Of the four choices given after the statements, choose the one that best describes the two statements. Statement 1: A metallic surface is irradiated by a monochromatic light of frequency v > vο (the threshold frequency). The maximum kinetic energy and the stopping potential are Kmax and Vο respectively. If the frequency incident on the surface is doubled, both the Kmax and Vο are also doubled. Statement 2: The maximum kinetic energy and the stopping potential of photoelectrons emitted from a surface are linearly dependent on the frequency of incident light. [2011] Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is the correct explanation of Statement 1. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is not the correct explanation of Statement 1. Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true. Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false. 92. The output of an OR gate is connected to both the inputs of a NAND gate. The combination will serve as a: [2011] NOT gate NOR gate AND gate OR gate 93. [2011] 5λ λ / 5 λ 25 λ 94. Which of the following four alternatives is not correct? We need modulation: [2011] to reduce the time lag between transmission and reception of the information signal to reduce the size of antenna to reduce the fractional band width, that is the ratio of the signal band width to the centre frequency to increase the selectivity 95. Statement - 1: A nucleus having energy E1 decays by β emission to daughter nucleus having energy E2, but the β rays are emitted with a continuous energy spectrum having end point energy E1 E2. Statement - 2: To conserve energy and momentum in β decay at least three particles must take part in the transformation. [2011]

132 Statement-1 is correct but statement-2 is not correct. Statement-1 and statement-2 both are correct and statement-2 is the correct explanation of statement-1.

Hydrogen atom is excited from ground state to another state with principal quantum number equal to 4.

A radar has a power of 1kW and is operating at a frequency of 10 GHz. It is located on a mountain top of height 500 m.

Assume that a neutron breaks into a proton and an electron. The energy released during this process is: (mass of neutron = 1.6725 10 27 kg, mass of proton = 1.

12 132 Statement-1 is correct but statement-2 is not correct. Statement-1 and statement-2 both are correct and statement-2 is the correct explanation of statement-1. Statement-1 is correct, statement-2 is correct and statement-2 is not the correct explanation of statement-1 Statement-1 is incorrect, statement-2 is correct. 96. Hydrogen atom is excited from ground state to another state with principal quantum number equal to 4. Then the number of spectral lines in the emission spectra will be: [2012] [2012] 98. A radar has a power of 1kW and is operating at a frequency of 10 GHz. It is located on a mountain top of height 500 m. The maximum distance upto which it can detect object located on the surface of the earth (Radius of earth = m) is: [2012] 80 km 16 km 40 km 64 km 99. Assume that a neutron breaks into a proton and an electron. The energy released during this process is: (mass of neutron = kg, mass of proton = kg, mass of electron = kg). [2012] 0.73 MeV 7.10 MeV 6.30 MeV 5.4 MeV 100. A diatomic molecule is made of two masses m1 and m2 which are separated by a distance r. If we calculate its rotational energy by applying Bohr's rule of angular momentum quantization, its energy will be given by: (n is an integer) [2012]

13 The I-V characteristic of an LED is [2013] [2013] MHz khz 5.31 MHz 5.31 khz 102. Themagnetic field in a travelling electromagnetic wave has a peak value of 20 nt. The peak value of electric field strength is: [2013] 3 V/m 6 V/m 9 V/m 12 V/m 103. The anode voltage of a photocell is kept fixed. The wavelength λ of the light falling on the cathode is gradually changed. The plate current I of the photocell varies as follows: [2013] 105. In a hydrogen like atom electron make transition from an energy level with quantum number n to another with quantum number (n 1). If n 1, the frequency of radiation emitted is proportional to : [2013]

22 142

WAVES AND PARTICLES. (c)

WAVES AND PARTICLES. (c) WAVES AND PARTICLES 1. An electron and a proton are accelerated through the same potential difference. The ration of their De Broglie wave length will be -- (a) (b) (c) (d) 1 2. What potential must be