EVALUATION METHOD OF GROUND WATER VELOCITY APPLYING THE GRADIENT OF THERMAL RESPONSE
|
|
- Leslie Thornton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 EVALUATION METHOD OF GROUND WATER VELOCITY APPLYING THE GRADIENT OF THERMAL RESPONSE T. Katsura Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu Kitakyushu , Japan Tel: Y. Nakamura Nippon Steel Engineering Tokyo Japan S. Hori, T. Okawada, K. Nagano Hokkaido University Sapporo , Japan ABSTRACT The authors have introduced a practical method for measuring the velocity of groundwater based on the gradient of thermal response. Three types of field experiments were conducted, namely, the thermal probe method, heating well method, and thermal response test. With respect to the thermal probe method, first, an experiment was conducted to calibrate the probe; then, a field experiment was conducted to determine groundwater velocity. The groundwater velocities in the field, obtained by the thermal probe method, were 0~200 m/year and they were in good agreement with the velocities obtained using the conventional method. Thus, it was ascertained that the thermal probe method is effective for evaluating groundwater velocity. 1. INTRODUCTION In order that the effect of groundwater be reflected in the design of ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems and underground thermal storage systems, it is essential to determine groundwater velocity at the point where the systems are installed. An example of a conventional groundwater velocity measurement method would be the one in which the electrical conductivity is damped. In this method, a salt solution is infused into the observation well and the electrical conductivity in the well is measured. However, in this case, it is difficult to rapidly measure the groundwater velocities at points with varying depths because boring and cleaning of the observation well are essential. Therefore, an alternative method that can rapidly measure groundwater velocities at several points is required. The authors previously demonstrated that under constant heat generation in the probe, the temperature variations in groundwater caused by the flow of groundwater depend on its velocity (Katsura et al, 2006). In addition, a method for measuring the velocity of groundwater by using the variation in temperature gradient of groundwater was suggested (Katsura et al, 2006).
2 This paper describes the field tests conducted to determine the most suitable method for measuring the velocity of groundwater. First, the outlines of the methods of measurement and field tests are introduced. Next, with respect to the test method that uses a thermal probe, the relation between groundwater velocity and the variation in temperature gradient is clarified using the results of the laboratory experiment. Moreover, by using the results of the laboratory experiment, groundwater velocities in the field are calculated. Then, the groundwater velocities are compared to the ones estimated by the conventional method and the possibility of the actual use of the new method is discussed. 2. OUTLINE OF MEASUREMENT Outline of measurement When constant heat is generated from a heat source (line or cylindrical), the effect of groundwater flow on the temperature response depends on the velocity of groundwater. The authors carried out a laboratory experiment using a thermal probe that can generate constant heat and related experimental apparatus that can simulate groundwater flow in a sand layer (Katsura et al, 2006). Figure 1 shows the temperature variations in the thermal probe buried in the sand layer for varying groundwater velocities. The temperature increases linearly according to the logarithm of the elapsed time if the groundwater is still. With an increase in the velocity of groundwater, the temperature variations become smaller. By using Equation (1), the variation in the temperature gradient of thermal probe with respect to the elapsed time, which is shown in Figure 2, can be obtained. k () t () t T ( t / m) T = (1) ln( m) The value m is an arbitrary constant. When we use a logarithmic y-axis as shown in Figure 2, the variations in the temperature gradient are linear. From this result linearity of the variations in the gradient, the temperature gradient with respect to the elapsed time is approximated as follows: k nt () t ce = (c, n: constant) (2) Figure 3 shows the relation between the measured groundwater velocity and the coefficient of gradient n obtained from Figure 2. It is apparent from Figure 3 that the groundwater velocity shows a strong correlation with the coefficient n. Consequently, the following relational expression can be derived. b u = an (a, b: constant) (3) Therefore, we can evaluate the actual groundwater velocity by carrying out a similar experiment in the field and by applying the coefficient obtained from the field experiment to the relational expression.
3 T s [ºC] u g = 0, 265, 377, 833, 1383, 1963 m/year from top to bottom Heating rate from thermal probe:6.6 W/m Figure 1 Variations in temperature of thermal probe with ground water velocity k [K] k wf = e u g = 265, 377, 833, 1383, 1963 m/year from top to bottom k wf = e k = e k wf = e k wf = e Figure 2 Variations in temperature gradient with elapsed time 2500 u [m/year] u = 55884n E E E E-03 Figure 3 Relation between groundwater velocity and coefficient of gradient n Method of field experiment It is essential that the test object resembles a line heat source in order to be able to measure the actual groundwater velocities. Consider the three methods shown in Figure 4. In the first method, the thermal probe, which includes a temperature sensor and a heating element, is buried in the ground. In this method, the thermal probe must be secured to avoid displacement during the procedure. Additionally, since it is too difficult to bury the thermal probe deep in the ground, the process of boring, installing the thermal probe, and carrying out the experiment are carried out in steps. This method has an advantage that the experimental time per test can be minimized. Extremely small groundwater velocities of around 100 m/ year were accurately detected in the two-hour-long experiment. n
4 The second method involves boring an observation well and inserting a linear heater that can uniformly heat the observation well and temperature sensors that can measure the temperature distribution in the well. The experimental time per test is more than that in the case of the first method and the accuracy is inferior. The advantage of the method is that in addition to the groundwater velocity, the distribution of the velocity can be measured as well. The last method is called the long-term thermal response test (TRT). When TRT is carried out with a general borehole ground heat exchanger for several days or a few weeks, the groundwater flow influences the thermal response of the thermal medium in the ground heat exchanger. Using this method the effective influence of the groundwater velocity on the ground heat exchanger can be evaluated directly. Constant voltage device Data logging machine Constant voltage device Data logging machine TRT apparatus T T Data logging machine Boring rod Casing Temperature sensor Heater U-tube Thermal probe Borehole (well) (a) Probe method (b) Heating well method (c) Thermal response test Figure 4 Method of field experiment to evaluate groundwater velocity 3. PROBE CALIBRATION EXPERIMENT The probe calibration experiment, which is illustrated in Figure 5, was conducted in order to determine the groundwater velocity in the field experiment. A thermal probe is inserted in the sand layer of the calibration tank. Flow of water is enabled in the sand layer by maintaining a constant difference in the water levels of the second and fourth parts of the calibration tank. The simulated flow of water is maintained at a constant temperature by using the constant water temperature bath that is connected to the second part of the calibration tank. Figure 6 shows the cross-sectional view of the thermal probe. The probe is the same as the one used for the field experiment described in Section 4. The heater and Pt-100 sensor are sheathed in a stainless steel pipe of length 200 mm and external diameter 3.2 mm. In addition, secure the probe, it is inserted in a stainless steel pipe, whose external and internal diameters are 10.5 mm and 5.7 mm, respectively. In the experiment, the temperature of the thermal probe was measured under the condition of constant heat generation from the probe. The experimental conditions are listed in Table 1. The experiments were carried out by varying the velocity of the simulated groundwater flow. Figure 7 shows the temperature variations in the thermal probe with respect to the elapsed time and varying groundwater velocities. The variations in the temperature gradient, as calculated by Equation (1), are shown in Figure 8. The variations in temperature and temperature gradient were
5 similar to the ones described in Section 1. From this result, the authors obtained a relation between the measured groundwater velocity and the coefficient of gradient n in Figure 9. An approximate equation of the relation, which can be used in the field experiment, is as follows: u = n (4) Temperature measuring point (Thermocouples) Constant temperature bath Calibration tank Constant voltage device 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Data logging machine Insulation material (Polystyrene : thickness mm) Thermal probe Figure 5 Schematic diagram of probe calibration experiment Stainless sheath pipe (External diameter: 10.5 mm, internal diameter: 5.7 mm) Stainless sheath pipe Temperature measuring point (Pt-100) Heating element Probe main frame To data logging machine Probe main frame including Pt-100 and heating element To constant voltage device Insert Figure 6 Cross-sectional view of thermal probe u g = 295, 0, 105, 711, 1470 m/year from top to bottom T [ o C] u g = 0, 105, 711, 295, 1470 m/year from top to bottom Heating rate from thermal probe: 4 W/m Figure 7 Probe temperature variations with varied ground water velocity k [K] Figure 8 Variations of temperature gradient
6 2000 u [m/year] u = n n Figure 9 Relation between groundwater velocity and coefficient of gradient n 4. FIELD EXPERIMENT Groundwater velocities under actual conditions were measured by using the same probe described in Chapter 3. The experimental site is the building where a GHSP system was installed utilizing steel foundation piles. The geological stratum of the experimental site and the experimental process are shown in Figure 10. The stratum mainly consists of gravel and sand and the groundwater level is 5.3 m. The probe is installed at 7 points indicated in Figure 10 and the experiment is carried out at those points. Thermal probe point 1 6 m 4 Boring rod Hummer (63.5kg) drop 2 1 m 1 m Casing 1 m 1 m Core tube 3 Thermal probe Probe for trephination ~1m surface soil ~4m silt and sand ~10m gravel and sand ~12m gravel and pebble Figure 10 Geologic stratum of the site and experimental process Figures 11 and 12 show the variations in the probe temperature and the temperature gradient as calculated by Equation (1), respectively. The temperature variation at a depth of 6 m varies linearly with the logarithmic elapsed time. Further, no variations in the temperature gradient are observed after 1000 s. This indicates that the groundwater flow is not generated at that point. Using these results and Equation (4), the groundwater velocities at each point were determined.
7 Figure 13 shows the calculated groundwater velocities. The groundwater velocities estimated using the conventional method are also shown in Figure 13. The groundwater velocities obtained by the probe method are 0 m/year at a depth of 6 m and 100~200 m/year at a depth of 7~10 m and they are almost equal to the values estimated by the conventional method at the same point. Thus, this method is effective to measure the groundwater velocity. T [ o C] Depth 6, 10, 8, 9, 7 m from top to bottom Heating rate from thermal probe: 4 W/m Figure 11 Probe temperature variations at various depths 10.0 Depth 6, 10, 8, 9, 7 m from top to bottom k [K] Figure 12 Variations in temperature gradient at various depths 0 2 Probe method Conventional method Depth [m] u [m/year]
8 Figure 13 Groundwater velocity evaluated by probe method and conventional method 5. CONCLUSION 1. A practical method for measuring groundwater velocity by measuring the gradient of thermal response was introduced. In addition, three types of field experiments, i.e., the thermal probe method, heating well method and thermal response test, were suggested. 2. A probe calibration experiment, which involves the used of a thermal probe and a calibration tank, was conducted in order to determine the groundwater velocity in the field experiment. As a result, an approximate equation that expresses the relation between groundwater velocity and coefficient n in the equation of temperature gradient was obtained. 3. A field experiment for measuring groundwater velocity with the same thermal probe as the one used in the calibration experiment was carried out. The groundwater velocities that were measured by using the temperature gradients in the field experiment and the approximate equation obtained in the calibration experiment were 0 m/year at a depth of 6 m and 100~200 m/year at a depth of 7~10 m. These values were close to the ones yielded by the conventional method at the same points. Thus, the thermal probe method is effective for measuring groundwater velocity. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was supported by the technological development project Development of low flow circulation ground source heat pump multi-split system and its design and operation method (Project representative: Hiroyuki Takahashi of Nippon Steel Engineering) to prevent global warming as an initiative of the Ministry of Environment. In addition, we would like to express our gratitude to the Sapporo city government for providing us with the experimental site. NOMENCLATURES k: Temperature gradient [K], T: Temperature [ºC], t: Time [s], u: Groundwater velocity [m/s] REFERENCES Carslaw, H. S. and J. C. Jaeger: Conduction of Heat in Solids, Oxford University Press, 1959 Diao, N., L. Qinyun and F. Zhaohon: Heat Transfer in Ground Heat Exchangers with Groundwater Advection, International Journal of Thermal Sciences 43, pp , 2004 Katsura, T., K. Nagano, S. Takeda and K. Shimakura: Heat transfer experiment in the ground with groundwater advection, Proceedings of 10th Energy Conservation Thermal Energy Storage Conference Ecostock 2006, New Jersey,
Analytical Modelling of Short-term Response of Ground Heat Exchangers in Ground Source Heat Pump Systems
Analytical Modelling of Short-term Response of Ground Heat Exchangers in Ground Source Heat Pump Systems Saqib Javed 1, Johan Claesson 1 and Per Fahlén 1 1 Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg,
More informationExperiment 1. Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of a Metal (Brass) Bar
Experiment 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of a Metal (Brass) Bar Introduction: Thermal conductivity is a measure of the ability of a substance to conduct heat, determined by the rate of heat flow
More informationAalborg Universitet. CLIMA proceedings of the 12th REHVA World Congress volume 3 Heiselberg, Per Kvols. Publication date: 2016
Downloaded from vbn.aau.dk on: januar 19, 2019 Aalborg Universitet CLIMA 2016 - proceedings of the 12th REHVA World Congress volume 3 Heiselberg, Per Kvols Publication date: 2016 Document Version Publisher's
More informationENCE 3610 Soil Mechanics. Site Exploration and Characterisation Field Exploration Methods
ENCE 3610 Soil Mechanics Site Exploration and Characterisation Field Exploration Methods Geotechnical Involvement in Project Phases Planning Design Alternatives Preparation of Detailed Plans Final Design
More informationDevelopment of Optimum Design Method for the Heat Recovery Ground Source Heat Pump System
12 th IEA Heat Pump Conference May 18 th, 2017, Rotterdam, Netherland Development of Optimum Design Method for the Heat Recovery Ground Source Heat Pump System Takao KATSURA Faculty of Engineering, Graduate
More informationTemperature dependence of thermal conductivity of soil Influence de la température sur la conductivité thermique du sol
Scientific registration n 435 Symposium n 1 Presentation : poster Temperature dependence of thermal conductivity of soil Influence de la température sur la conductivité thermique du sol KASUBUCHI Tatsuaki,
More informationOnset of Flow Instability in a Rectangular Channel Under Transversely Uniform and Non-uniform Heating
Onset of Flow Instability in a Rectangular Channel Under Transversely Uniform and Non-uniform Heating Omar S. Al-Yahia, Taewoo Kim, Daeseong Jo School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University
More informationPrinciples of Food and Bioprocess Engineering (FS 231) Problems on Heat Transfer
Principles of Food and Bioprocess Engineering (FS 1) Problems on Heat Transfer 1. What is the thermal conductivity of a material 8 cm thick if the temperature at one end of the product is 0 C and the temperature
More informationBorehole Description
Borehole Description At the start of this investigation, two new shallow boreholes were drilled in 2008 in the south coast of Cyprus; one in the Ariel region and the other in the Ayia Phyla region, in
More informationELECTRICAL AND THERMAL DESIGN OF UMBILICAL CABLE
ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL DESIGN OF UMBILICAL CABLE Derek SHACKLETON, Oceaneering Multiflex UK, (Scotland), DShackleton@oceaneering.com Luciana ABIB, Marine Production Systems do Brasil, (Brazil), LAbib@oceaneering.com
More informationCHAPTER 4 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTS
50 CHAPTER 4 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTS 4.1 INTRODUCTION In the development of any energy-efficient heat transfer fluids for enhanced heat transfer performance, in practical applications,
More informationCHAPTER 5 CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT
62 CHAPTER 5 CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT 5.1 INTRODUCTION The primary objective of this work is to investigate the convective heat transfer characteristics of silver/water nanofluid. In order
More informationLaboratory and field experiment on measurement of soil thermal conductivity by probe method
Global Geology 18 4 221-225 2015 doi 10. 3969 /j. issn. 1673-9736. 2015. 04. 03 Article ID 1673-9736 2015 04-0221-05 Laboratory and field experiment on measurement of soil thermal conductivity by probe
More informationThe thermal conductance of collection tubes in geothermal energy systems
Advanced Computational Methods and Experiments in Heat Transfer XIII 83 The thermal conductance of collection tubes in geothermal energy systems R. L. Frederick & A. Zenteno Departamento de Ingeniería
More informationAnalytical Studies of the Influence of Regional Groundwater Flow by on the Performance of Borehole Heat Exchangers
Analytical Studies of the Influence of Regional Groundwater Flow by on the Performance of Borehole Heat Exchangers Claesson, Johan; Hellström, Göran Published in: [Host publication title missing] Published:
More informationIMPROVEMENTS OF THERMAL RESPONSE TESTS FOR GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS
- 1 - IMPROVEMENTS OF THERMAL RESPONSE TESTS FOR GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS R. Wagner, E. Rohner, Geowatt AG, Dohlenweg 28, CH-8050 Zürich Abstract: At present, the ground thermal conductivity at borehole heat
More informationHeat Transfer Analysis of Centric Borehole Heat Exchanger with Different Backfill Materials
Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2015 Melbourne, Australia, 19-25 April 2015 Heat Transfer Analysis of Centric Borehole Heat Exchanger with Different Backfill Materials Lei H.Y. and Dai C.S. Geothermal
More informationModeling of Vertical Ground Loop Heat Exchangers with Variable Convective Resistance and Thermal Mass of the Fluid
Modeling of Vertical Ground Loop Heat Exchangers with Variable Convective Resistance and Thermal Mass of the Fluid Xiaowei Xu Jeffrey D. Spitler, Ph.D., PE Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK, 7475
More informationConfirmation of Heat Generation during Hydrogenation of Oil
Confirmation of Heat Generation during Hydrogenation of Oil T. Mizuno Hydrogen Engineering Application & Development Corporation, 4-3-9-12, Minamimach Makomanai Minamiku, Sapporo 1-16, Japan E-mail: mizuno@qe.eng.hokudai.ac.jp
More informationFinite-Element Evaluation of Thermal Response Tests Performed on U-Tube Borehole Heat Exchangers
Excerpt from the Proceedings of the COMSOL Conference 2008 Hannover Finite-Element Evaluation of Thermal Response Tests Performed on U-Tube Borehole Heat Exchangers E. Zanchini,1 and T. Terlizzese 1 1
More informationIntroduction to Blackbody Sources
Introduction to s This section contains dedicated blackbody sources for low uncertainty calibration of infrared thermometers. A range of portable primary blackbody sources combine high emissivity with
More informationCRYOGENIC CONDUCTION COOLING TEST OF REMOVABLE PANEL MOCK-UP FOR ITER CRYOSTAT THERMAL SHIELD
CRYOGENIC CONDUCTION COOLING TEST OF REMOVABLE PANEL MOCK-UP FOR ITER CRYOSTAT THERMAL SHIELD K. Nam, a D. K. Kang, a W. Chung, a C. H. Noh, a J. Yu, b N. I. Her, b C. Hamlyn-Harris, b Y. Utin, b and K.
More information1/54 Circulation pump, safety valve, expansion vessel
1/54 Circulation pump, safety valve, expansion vessel pressure loss efficiency of pump secured heat output safety valve sizing expansion vessel sizing Circulation pump 2/54 similar principle as for heating
More informationEvaporation Heat Transfer Coefficients Of R-446A And R-1234ze(E)
Proceedings of the 2 nd World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM'16) Budapest, Hungary August 22 23, 2016 Paper No. HTFF 144 DOI: 10.11159/htff16.144 Evaporation Heat Transfer
More informationThermal Conductivity of Trinidad Guanapo Sharp Sand
Thermal Conductivity of Trinidad Guanapo Sharp Sand Krishpersad Manohar, Lecturer, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Department, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, West
More informationComparison of different Line Source Model approaches for analysis of Thermal Response Test in a U-pipe Borehole Heat Exchanger PATRICIA M.
Comparison of different Line Source Model approaches for analysis of Thermal Response Test in a U-pipe Borehole Heat Exchanger PATRICIA M. MONZÓ Master of Science Thesis Stockholm, Sweden 2011 Comparison
More informationImprovement of Critical Heat Flux Performance by Wire Spacer
Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 9 (215) 844-851 doi: 1.17265/1934-8975/215.1.2 D DAVID PUBLISHING Improvement of Critical Heat Flux Performance by Wire Spacer Dan Tri Le 1 and Minoru Takahashi
More informationExperimental investigation on up-flow boiling of R1234yf in aluminum multi-port extruded tubes
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2016 Experimental investigation on up-flow boiling of R1234yf in aluminum multi-port
More informationSoil Temperatures Regime at Ahmedabad
Soil Temperatures Regime at Ahmedabad Girja Sharan Professor Cummins-IIMA Lab Centre for Management in Agriculture Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad Ratan Jadhav Project Officer SEWA Ahmedabad
More informationRAPID PLATE LOAD TESTS ON BEARING STRATUM OF A BUILDING FOUNDATION
152 RAPID PLATE LOAD TESTS ON BEARING STRATUM OF A BUILDING FOUNDATION H. NEMOTO and H. SAKIHAMA ANDO Corporation, 1-19-61 Ooi-chuo, Fujimino City, Saitama, Japan fvgv182@mb.infoweb.ne.jp Y. NAKASHIMA
More informationFlow and heat transfer characteristics of tornado-like vortex flow
Advances in Fluid Mechanics VI 277 Flow and heat transfer characteristics of tornado-like vortex flow Y. Suzuki & T. Inoue Department of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
More informationPin Fin Lab Report Example. Names. ME331 Lab
Pin Fin Lab Report Example Names ME331 Lab 04/12/2017 1. Abstract The purposes of this experiment are to determine pin fin effectiveness and convective heat transfer coefficients for free and forced convection
More informationGeotechnical Geotechnical Assessment
Site Investigation Site Investigation Pile Probing Pile Probing Geotechnical Logging Geotechnical and Sampling Logging and Sampling Streetworks and Utilities Streetworks Avoidance and Utilities Avoidance
More informationExperiment (4): Flow measurement
Experiment (4): Flow measurement Introduction: The flow measuring apparatus is used to familiarize the students with typical methods of flow measurement of an incompressible fluid and, at the same time
More informationIMPLEMENTATION OF ETHANOL HEAT PIPE AT CETIAT
IMPLEMENTATION OF ETHANOL HEAT PIPE AT CETIAT JO Favreau 1, E Georgin 1, B Savanier 1, A. Merlone 2 1 CETIAT, 96100 Villeurbanne, France 2 INRIM, Torino, Italy Abstract. CETIAT is a calibration laboratory
More informationApplied Fluid Mechanics
Applied Fluid Mechanics 1. The Nature of Fluid and the Study of Fluid Mechanics 2. Viscosity of Fluid 3. Pressure Measurement 4. Forces Due to Static Fluid 5. Buoyancy and Stability 6. Flow of Fluid and
More informationThermal conductivity measurement of two microencapsulated phase change slurries
Thermal conductivity measurement of two microencapsulated phase change slurries Xiaoli Ma (corresponding author), Siddig Omer, Wei Zhang and S. B. Riffat Institute of Sustainable Energy Technology, School
More informationFoundation pile and cavity detection by the 3D directional borehole radar system, ReflexTracker
Foundation pile and cavity detection by the 3D directional borehole radar system, ReflexTracker K. Wada, S. Karasawa, K. Kawata, T. Ueki Matsunaga Geo-survey Co., Ltd. 1-23-1 Ooi, 140-0014, Tokyo, Japan
More informationApplied Fluid Mechanics
Applied Fluid Mechanics 1. The Nature of Fluid and the Study of Fluid Mechanics 2. Viscosity of Fluid 3. Pressure Measurement 4. Forces Due to Static Fluid 5. Buoyancy and Stability 6. Flow of Fluid and
More informationGeothermal Energy in the UK
Geothermal Energy in the UK Jon Busby British Geological Survey Outline Geothermal energy in the UK Background to geothermal in the UK context UK geothermal resources Engineered geothermal systems Direct
More informationResidual Deformation Analyses to Demonstrate the Effect of Thin Steel Sheet Piles on Liquefaction-Induced Penetration Settlement of Wooden Houses
6 th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering 1-4 November 2015 Christchurch, New Zealand Residual Deformation Analyses to Demonstrate the Effect of Thin Steel Sheet Piles on Liquefaction-Induced
More informationSEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF URBAN, RECLAIMED AND PORT AREAS -FULL SCALE EXPERIMENT USING BLAST TECHNIQUE. Takahiro SUGANO 1) and Eiji KOHAMA 2)
SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF URBAN, RECLAIMED AND PORT AREAS -FULL SCALE EXPERIMENT USING BLAST TECHNIQUE by Takahiro SUGANO 1) and Eiji KOHAMA 2) ABSTRACT A full scale lateral spreading experiment was carried
More informationA simple calorimetric method to avoid artifacts in a controversial field: the ice calorimeter
Dufour, J., et al. A simple calorimetric method to avoid artifacts in a controversial field: The ice calorimeter. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington,
More informationEXPERIENCE FROM THE FIRST THERMAL RESPONSE TEST (TRT) EQUIPMENT IN FINLAND. N. Leppäharju, I. Martinkauppi, M. Nousiainen
EXPERIENCE FROM THE FIRST THERMAL RESPONSE TEST (TRT) EQUIPMENT IN FINLAND N. Leppäharju, I. Martinkauppi, M. Nousiainen Geological Survey of Finland P.O. Box 97, FI-67101 Kokkola, Finland nina.leppaharju@gtk.fi
More informationA VAPOR-PRESSURE-DRIVEN HEAT PIPE FOR SIDEWARD LONG-DISTANCE HEAT TRANSPORT
Frontiers in Pipes Available at www.thermalfluidscentral.org A VAPOR-PRESSURE-DRIVEN HEAT PIPE FOR SIDEWARD LONG-DISTANCE HEAT TRANSPORT Yasushi Koito a,*, Yoshitake Ikemizu a, Toshio Tomimura a, Masataka
More informationA study on the bearing capacity of steel pipe piles with tapered tips
Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication The 6th Japan-China Geotechnical Symposium A study on the bearing capacity of steel pipe piles with tapered tips Hironobu Matsumiya i), Yoshiro Ishihama
More informationEVALUATION OF STRENGTH OF SOILS AGAINST LIQUEFACTION USING PIEZO DRIVE CONE
4 th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering June 25-28, 2007 Paper No. 1146 EVALUATION OF STRENGTH OF SOILS AGAINST LIQUEFACTION USING PIEZO DRIVE CONE Shun-ichi Sawada 1 ABSTRACT
More informationIAEA SAFETY STANDARDS Geotechnical Aspects of Site Evaluation and Foundations in NPPs, NS-G-3.6
IAEA SAFETY STANDARDS Geotechnical Aspects of Site Evaluation and Foundations in NPPs, NS-G-3.6 Regional Workshop on Volcanic, Seismic, and Tsunami Hazard Assessment Related to NPP Siting Activities and
More informationComparison of different Line Source Model approaches for analysis of Thermal Response Test in a U-pipe Borehole Heat Exchanger PATRICIA M.
Comparison of different Line Source Model approaches for analysis of Thermal Response Test in a U-pipe Borehole Heat Exchanger PATRICIA M. MONZÓ Master of Science Thesis Stockholm, Sweden 2011 Comparison
More informationSSRG International Journal of Mechanical Engineering ( SSRG IJME ) Volume 2 Issue 5 May 2015
Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Tube using Elliptical-Cut Twisted Tape Inserts Pratik P. Ganorkar 1, R.M. Warkhedkar 2 1 Heat power Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Govt. collage of engineering
More informationFreezing point depression (Item No.: P )
Freezing point depression (Item No.: P3021101) Curricular Relevance Area of Expertise: Chemistry Education Level: University Topic: General Chemistry Subtopic: Solutions and Mixtures Experiment: Freezing
More informationExperiment B6 Thermal Properties of Materials Procedure
Experiment B6 Thermal Properties of Materials Procedure Deliverables: Checked lab notebook, Brief technical memo Overview In this lab, you will examine the thermal properties of various materials commonly
More informationAN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE FROST FORMATION ON A COLD SURFACE IN FREE CONVECTIVE FLOW
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE FROST FORMATION ON A COLD SURFACE IN FREE CONVECTIVE FLOW Giovanni Tanda, Marco Fossa DITEC, Università degli Studi di Genova via all Opera Pia 15a, I-16145 Genova, ITALY E-mail:
More informationHEAT TRANSFER WITH PHASE CHANGE IN A SHELL AND TUBE LATENT HEAT STORAGE UNIT
HEFAT2014 10 th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics 14 16 July 2014 Orlando, Florida HEAT TRANSFER WITH PHASE CHANGE IN A SHELL AND TUBE LATENT HEAT STORAGE UNIT
More informationMETHOD OF IN-SITU MEASUREMENT OF THERMAL INSULATION PERFORMANCE OF BUILDING ELEMENTS USING INFRARED CAMERA
METHOD OF IN-SITU MEASUREMENT OF THERMAL INSULATION PERFORMANCE OF BUILDING ELEMENTS USING INFRARED CAMERA Shinsuke Kato 1, Katsuichi Kuroki 2, and Shinji Hagihara 2 1 Institute of Industrial Science,
More informationExploration Drilling Techniques
Exploration Techniques Why do we need natural resources? average increase in demand: 5 % per year How do we find new resources? How do we find new resources? Fun! Geological methods: In my view the greatest
More informationAnalysis and Steps to Mitigate Heat Exchanger Fouling in an Aromatics Plant
Refereed Proceedings Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning: Fundamentals and Applications Engineering Conferences International Year Analysis and Steps to Mitigate Heat Exchanger Fouling in an Aromatics
More informationApparatus to measure high-temperature thermal conductivity and thermoelectric power of small specimens
Apparatus to measure high-temperature thermal conductivity and thermoelectric power of small specimens T. Dasgupta and A. M. Umarji a Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012,
More informationBudge Road Landslide Jackson Extensometer installation report April 2014 with data to 20 May
Budge Road Landslide Jackson Extensometer installation report 23-27 April 14 with data to May Four extensometers were installed across fissures at the head of the Budge Road landslide on the East Gros
More informationLaboratory Characterization of Chemico-osmotic, Hydraulic and Diffusion Properties of Rocks: Apparatus Development
Laboratory Characterization of Chemico-osmotic, Hydraulic and Diffusion Properties of Rocks: Apparatus Development - 9134 M. Takeda, T. Hiratsuka, K. Ito Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment, National
More informationDepartment of Mechanical Engineering ME 96. Free and Forced Convection Experiment. Revised: 25 April Introduction
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 96 Free and Forced Convection Experiment Revised: 25 April 1994 1. Introduction The term forced convection refers to heat transport
More informationExperimental Research on Ground Deformation of Double Close-spaced Tunnel Construction
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 4(22): 484-4844, 212 ISSN: 24-7467 Maxwell Scientific Organization, 212 Submitted: May 8, 212 Accepted: June 8, 212 Published: November
More informationDelft University of Technology. Thermal Cone Penetration Test (T-CPT) Vardon, Phil; Baltoukas, Dimitris; Peuchen, Joek
Delft University of Technology Thermal Cone Penetration Test (T-CPT) Vardon, Phil; Baltoukas, Dimitris; Peuchen, Joek Publication date 2018 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record
More informationElectrical Power Cables Part 2 Cable Rating Calculations
ELEC971 High Voltage Systems Electrical Power Cables Part Cable Rating Calculations The calculation of cable ratings is a very complex determination because of the large number of interacting characteristics
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 121 (2015 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 121 (2015 ) 2176 2183 9th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (ISHVAC) and the 3rd International
More informationThe influence of a magnetic field on turbulent heat transfer of a high Prandtl number fluid
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 32 (27) 23 28 www.elsevier.com/locate/etfs The influence of a magnetic field on turbulent heat transfer of a high Prandtl number fluid H. Nakaharai a, *, J. Takeuchi
More informationInvestigation of anomalous heat production in Ni-H systems
Cerron-Zeballos, E., et al., Investigation of anomalous heat production in Ni-H systems. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1996. 109A: p. 1645. Investigation of anomalous heat production in Ni-H systems
More informationTRANSIENT TECHNIQUES FOR MEASUREMENTS OF THERMAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS: DATA EVALUATION WITHIN OPTIMIZED TIME INTERVALS
TRANSIENT TECHNIQUES FOR MEASUREMENTS OF THERMAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS: DATA EVALUATION WITHIN OPTIMIZED TIME INTERVALS Bashir M. Suleiman 1 1 Department of Applied Physics, College of Arts & Sciences,
More informationSensitivity Estimation of Permanent Magnet Flowmeter
Excerpt from the Proceedings of the COMSOL Conference 2009 Bangalore Sensitivity Estimation of Permanent Magnet Flowmeter Vijay Sharma, S.K.Dash, G.Vijaykumar, B.K.Nashine, B. Krishnakumar, P. Kalyanasundaram,
More informationPHENOMENA, THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF NEAR-FIELD ACOUSTIC LEVITATION
PHENOMENA, THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF NEAR-FIELD ACOUSTIC LEVITATION PACS REFERENCE: 43.25.Uv Ueha Sadayuki Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku,
More informationZeroth Law of Thermodynamics
Thermal Equilibrium When you two systems are placed in contact with each other there is no net energy transfer between them. Consequently, these two systems would be at the same temperature. Zeroth Law
More informationThermal Equilibrium. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics 2/4/2019. Temperature
Thermal Equilibrium When you two systems are placed in contact with each other there is no net energy transfer between them. Consequently, these two systems would be at the same temperature. Zeroth Law
More informationTHE PREDICTION OF FINAL SETTLEMENT FROM 1D-CONSOLIDATION TEST: A CASE STUDY
THE PREDICTION OF FINAL SETTLEMENT FROM 1D-CONSOLIDATION TEST: A CASE STUDY Mohd Fakhrurrazi Bin Ishak 1 and Mohd Hazreek Bin Zainal Abidin 2 1 Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental engineering,
More informationAE 3051, Lab #16. Investigation of the Ideal Gas State Equation. By: George P. Burdell. Group E3
AE 3051, Lab #16 Investigation of the Ideal Gas State Equation By: George P. Burdell Group E3 Summer Semester 000 Abstract The validity of the ideal gas equation of state was experimentally tested for
More informationY.; Kobayashi, H.; Inatani, Y. Citation Physics Procedia (2015), 67: Right article under the CC BY-NC-ND
Title Forced flow boiling heat transfer p for manganin plate pasted on one si Yoneda, K.; Shirai, Y.; Shiotsu, M. Author(s) Matsuzawa, T.; Shigeta, H.; Tatsumo Y.; Kobayashi, H.; Inatani, Y. Citation Physics
More informationNumerical Modelling of Dynamic Earth Force Transmission to Underground Structures
Numerical Modelling of Dynamic Earth Force Transmission to Underground Structures N. Kodama Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Japan K. Komiya Chiba Institute of Technology, Japan
More informationStudy of Sand Boiling Characteristics Along Tokyo Bay During The 2011 Tohoku-Pacific Ocean Earthquake
Study of Sand Boiling Characteristics Along Tokyo Bay During The 2011 Tohoku-Pacific Ocean Earthquake Keisuke Ishikawa Tokyo Denki University, Japan Susumu Yasuda Tokyo Denki University, Japan SUMMARY
More informationResearch on Performance of Ground-Source Heat Pump Double U Underground Pipe Heat Exchange
Open Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 2013, 1, 1-6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojmsi.2013.11001 Published Online January 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojmsi) Research on Performance of Ground-Source
More informationModelling of Thermal Behavior of Borehole Heat Exchangers of Geothermal Heat Pump Heating Systems
Modelling of Thermal Behavior of Borehole Heat Exchangers of Geothermal Heat Pump Heating Systems Gornov V.F. 1, Peskov N.V. 1,2, Vasilyev G.P. 1, Kolesova M.V. 1 1 JSC «INSOLAR-INVEST», Bol shaya Filevskaya
More informationUsing a Mercury itc with thermocouples
Technical Note Mercury Support Using a Mercury itc with thermocouples Abstract and content description This technical note describes how to make accurate and reliable temperature measurements using an
More informationCooling Water Flow Regulator
Temperature controlled, indirectly and directly actuated diaphragm valves / seat valves Port size G 3/8 to G DN 0 to DN 0 ontinuous regulation High accuracy No auxiliary energy required Technical data
More informationSolar Flat Plate Thermal Collector
Solar Flat Plate Thermal Collector INTRODUCTION: Solar heater is one of the simplest and basic technologies in the solar energy field. Collector is the heart of any solar heating system. It absorbs and
More informationCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS EFFECTS ON CRITICAL SHEAR STRESS AND ERODIBILITY OF VOLCANIC ASH SOILS
C-5 Fourth International Conference on Scour and Erosion 28 CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS EFFECTS ON CRITICAL SHEAR STRESS AND ERODIBILITY OF VOLCANIC ASH SOILS Islam AWAD, and Noriyuki YASUFUKU 2 Student member
More informationME 105 Mechanical Engineering Laboratory Spring Quarter INTRODUCTION TO TRANSIENT CONDUCTION AND CONVECTION
ME 105 Mechanical Engineering Lab Page 1 ME 105 Mechanical Engineering Laboratory Spring Quarter 2003 2. INTRODUCTION TO TRANSIENT CONDUCTION AND CONVECTION This set of experiments is designed to provide
More informationph/o.r.p. probe Type 8619 multicell transmitter/controller General data Measuring range Bürkert ph probe Bürkert O.R.P. probe Medium temperature
ph/o.r.p. probe For many different types of installations and applications Large selection of probe for a wide range of holder Useable for pipe DN15 to DN200 Type 8203 can be combined with... Type 8200
More informationINDUSTRIAL APPLICATION EXPERIENCES OF NEW TYPE FLOW- METERING SYSTEM BASED ON ULTRASONIC-DOPPLER FLOW VELOCITY-PROFILE MEASUREMENT
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION EXPERIENCES OF NEW TYPE FLOW- METERING SYSTEM BASED ON ULTRASONIC-DOPPLER FLOW VELOCITY-PROFILE MEASUREMENT Michitsugu Mori 1, Kenichi Tezuka 1, Hideaki Tezuka 1, Noriyuki Furuichi
More informationA dynamic model of a vertical direct expansion ground heat exchanger
A dynamic model of a vertical direct expansion ground heat exchanger B. Beauchamp 1, L. Lamarche 1 and S. Kajl 1 1 Department of mechanical engineering École de technologie supérieure 1100 Notre-Dame Ouest,
More informationSOIL SURVEY STANDARD TEST METHOD PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS
Department of Sustainable Natural Resources SOIL SURVEY STANDARD TEST METHOD PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS ABBREVIATED NAME PSA TEST NUMBER P7 TEST METHOD TYPE B VERSION NUMBER 3 RECORD OF AMENDMENTS Version
More informationMECHANISM OF GAS-LIQUID EXCHANGE IN MICROBUBBLE EMISSION BOILING
MECHANISM OF GAS-LIQUID EXCHANGE IN MICROBUBBLE EMISSION BOILING *T. Furusho, K. Yuki, R. Kibushi, N. Unno and K. Suzuki 2 Tokyo University of Science-Yamaguchi, Daigaku-dori --, Sanyo-Onoda, Yamaguchi,
More informationb) EFFECTIVE STRESS (c) SEEPAGE
b) EFFECTIVE STRESS B1. A fine sand layer of 5 m thickness lies on a 5 m clay deposit. The water table is at the ground surface. Below the clay is a rock formation. Piezometers installed in the rock show
More informationImplementation of Laterally Loaded Piles in Multi-Layer Soils
Implementation of Laterally Loaded Piles in Multi-Layer Soils JTRP SPR- 3261 Final SAC meeting SAC members Mir Zaheer and Keith Hoernschemeyer Purdue University Introduction Analysis developed for the
More informationApplication of a self-calibratable rotary encoder
Application of a self-calibratable rotary encoder Tsukasa Watanabe, Hiroyuki Fujimoto National Metrology Institute of Japan(NMIJ) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
More informationEffects of Forming Conditions of Roll Offset Method on Sectional Shape at the Corner of Square Steel Pipe +
Materials Transactions, Vol. 54, No. 9 (2013) pp. 1703 to 1708 2013 The Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity Effects of Forming Conditions of Roll Offset Method on Sectional Shape at the Corner of
More informationVisualization of Secondary Flow in an Inclined Double-Inlet Pulse Tube Refrigerator
Visualization of Secondary Flow in an Inclined Double-Inlet Pulse Tube Refrigerator M. Shiraishi 1, M. Murakami 2, A. Nakano 3 and T. Iida 3 1 National Institute of AIST Tsukuba 305-8564 Japan 2 University
More informationConductivity sensor for hygienic applications
Conductivity sensor for hygienic applications Type 8221 can be combined with Perfect for demanding applications in the hygienic industry (CIP and SIP compatible) Variants available for usage over a wide
More informationModel tests and FE-modelling of dynamic soil-structure interaction
Shock and Vibration 19 (2012) 1061 1069 1061 DOI 10.3233/SAV-2012-0712 IOS Press Model tests and FE-modelling of dynamic soil-structure interaction N. Kodama a, * and K. Komiya b a Waseda Institute for
More informationTHE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF ADDING HIGH-MOLECULAR POLYMERS ON HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF NANOFLUIDS
THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF ADDING HIGH-MOLECULAR POLYMERS ON HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF NANOFLUIDS Dmitriy Guzei 1, *, Maxim Pryazhnikov 1, Andrey Minakov 1,, and Vladimir Zhigarev 1
More informationProf. B V S Viswanadham, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
13 Permeability and Seepage -2 Conditions favourable for the formation quick sand Quick sand is not a type of sand but a flow condition occurring within a cohesion-less soil when its effective stress is
More informationANALYSIS OF FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS ON NON-INVASIVE ULTRASONIC-DOPPLER FLOW MEASUREMENT FOR METAL PIPES
4th International Symposium on Ultrasonic Doppler Method for Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Engineering Sapporo, 6.-8. September, 2004 ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS ON NON-INVASIVE ULTRASONIC-DOPPLER
More informationComparison of Two Different Models for Pile Thermal Response Test Interpretation
Comparison of Two Different Models for Pile Thermal Response Test Interpretation Authors: Dr Fleur Loveridge 1, Prof William Powrie 2 & Duncan Nicholson 3 1. Corresponding author: Lecturer in Geomechanics
More information