I n d i c e s P. N. M ay a ud. V o l um e N. L. Ca r l e r, M. F r i ed m a n, J. M. L o g a n, a n d

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1 S o l a r S y s t e m P l a s m a s i n S p a c e a n d T i m e

2 G e o p h y s i c a l M o n o g r a p h S e r i e s I n c l u d i n g I U G G V o l u m e s M a u r i c e E w i n g V o l u m e s M i n e r a l P h y s i c s V o l u m e s

3 G E O P H Y S I C A L M O N O G R A P H S E R I E S G e o p h y s i c a l M o n o g r a p h V o l u m e s 1 A n t a r c t i c a i n t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l G e o p h y s i c a l Y e a r A. P. C r a ry, L. M. G o u l d, E. O. H u l b u r t, H u g h O d i s h a w, a n d W a l d o E. S m i t h 2 G e o p h y s i c s a n d t h e I G Y H u g h O d i s h a w a n d S t a n l ey R u t t e n b e r g 3 A t m o s p h e r i c C h e m i s t r y o f C h l o r i n e a n d S u l f u r C o m p o u n d s J a m e s P. L o d g e, J r. ( E d. ) 4 C o n t e m p o r a r y G e o d e s y C h a r l e s A. W h i t t e n a n d K e n n e t h H. D r u m m o n d 5 P h y s i c s o f P r e c i p i t a t i o n H e l m u t W e i c k m a n n ( E d. ) 6 T h e C r u s t o f t h e P a c i fi c B a s i n G o r d o n A. M a c d o n a l d a n d H i s a s h i K u n o 7 A n t a r c t i c a R e s e a r c h : T h e M a t t h e w F o n t a i n e M a u r y M e m o r i a l S y m p o s i u m H. W e x l e r, M. J. R u b i n, a n d J. E. C a s k ey, J r. 8 T e r r e s t r i a l H e a t F l o w W i l l i a m H. K. L e e ( E d. ) 9 G r a v i t y A n o m a l i e s : U n s u rv e y e d A r e a s H y m a n O r l i n ( E d. ) 1 0 T h e E a r t h B e n e a t h t h e C o n t i n e n t s : A V o l u m e o f G e o p h y s i c a l S t u d i e s i n H o n o r o f M e r l e A. T u v e J o h n S. S t e i n h a r t a n d T. J e ff e r s o n S m i t h 1 1 I s o t o p e T e c h n i q u e s i n t h e H y d r o l o g i c C y c l e G l e n n E. S t o u t ( E d. ) 1 2 T h e C r u s t a n d U p p e r M a n t l e o f t h e P a c i fi c A r e a L e o n K n o p o ff, P e m b r o ke J. H a r t C h a r l e s L. D r a k e, a n d 1 3 T h e E a r t h ' s C r u s t a n d U p p e r M a n t l e P e m b r o k e J. H a r t ( E d. ) 1 4 T h e S t ru c t u r e a n d P h y s i c a l P r o p e r t i e s o f t h e E a r t h ' s C r u s t J o h n G. H e a c o c k ( E d. ) 1 5 T h e U s e o f A r t i fi c i a l S a t e l l i t e s f o r G e o d e s y S o r e n W. H e n r i c k s e n, A r m a n d o B e r n a r d H. C h o v i t z M a n c i n i, a n d 1 6 F l o w a n d F r a c t u r e o f R o c k s H. C. H e a r d, I. Y. B o r g, N. L. C a r t e r, a n d C. B. R a l e i g h 1 7 M a n - M a d e L a k e s : T h e i r P r o b l e m s a n d E n v i r o n m e n t a l E ff e c t s W i l l i a m C. A c k e r m a n n, G i l b e r t F. W h i t e, a n d E. B. W o r t h i n g t o n 1 8 T h e U p p e r A t m o s p h e r e i n M o t i o n : A S e l e c t i o n o f P a p e r s W i t h A n n o t a t i o n C. O. H i n e s a n d C o l l e a g u e s 1 9 T h e G e o p h y s i c s o f t h e P a c i fi c O c e a n B a s i n a n d I t s M a r g i n : A V o l u m e i n H o n o r o f G e o r g e P. W o o l l a r d G e o r g e H. S u t t o n, M u r l i H. M a n g h n a n i, a n d R a l p h M o b e r l y 2 0 T h e E a r t h ' s C ru s t : I t s N a t u r e a n d P h y s i c a l P r o p e r t i e s J o h n C. H e a c o c k ( E d. ) 2 1 Q u a n t i t a t i v e M o d e l i n g o f M a g n e t o s p h e r i c P r o c e s s e s W. P. O l s o n ( E d. ) 22 D e ri v a ti o n, M e an i n g, a n d U s e o f G e o ma gn e t i c I n d i c e s P. N. M ay a ud 23 Th e T e c t o n i c a n d G e o l o g i c E v o l u ti o n o f S o u t h e a s t A s i an S e a s a n d I s l a n d s D e n n i s E. H a y e s ( E d. ) 2 4 M e c h a n i c a l B e h a v i o r o f C ru s t a l R o c k s : T h e H an d i n V o l um e N. L. Ca r l e r, M. F r i ed m a n, J. M. L o g a n, a n d D. W. S t ea rn s 25 P h y s i c s o f A ur o r a l Arc F o rm a t i o n Akasofu a n d J. R. Ka n 2 6 H e t e r o g e n e o u s A tm o s p h e r i c C h e m i s try D a v id R. S c h ry e r ( E d. ) 2 7 Th e T e c t o n i c a n d G e o l o g i c E v o l u ti o n o f S o u t h e a s t A s i an S e a s a n d I s l an d s : P a r t 2 D e n n is E. H a y e s ( E d. ) 28 M a gn e t o s p h e r i c C u rr e n t s Th o m a s A. P o t e m r a ( E d. ) 2 9 C l i m a t e P r o c e s s e s an d C l i m a t e S e n s i t i v i ty ( M a u r i c e E w in g V o l um e 5 ) J a m e s E. H a n s e n a n d T a r o T a ka h a s h i 3 0 M a gn e ti c R e c o n n e c ti o n i n S p a c e an d L a b o r a t o ry P l a s m a s E d w a r d W. H o n es, J r. ( E d. ) 3 1 P o i n t D e f e c t s i n M in e r a l s ( M i n e r a l P h y s i c s V o l um e 1 ) R o be r t N. S c h oc k ( E d. ) 3 2 Th e C a r b o n C y c l e a n d A t m o s p h e r i c C O 2 : N a tur a l V a r i a t i o n s A r c h e a n t o P r e s e n t E. T. S u ndq u i s t a n d W. S. B r oe c ker 3 3 G r e e n l an d I c e C o r e : G e o p h y s i c s, G e o c h e m i s try, an d th e E n v i r o nm e n t C. C. La n g wa y, J r., H. O es c h g e r, a n d W. D a n s g aa r d 34 C o l l i s i o n l e s s S h o c k s in t h e H e l i o s p h e r e : A T u t o r i a l R e v i e w R o be r t G. S t o n e a n d B r u c e T. T s u r u t a n i 3 5 C o l l i s i o n l e s s S h o c k s i n t h e H e l i o s p h e re : R e v i e w s o f C u rre n t R e s e a r c h B r u ce T. T s u r u t a n i a n d R o be r t G. S t o n e 3 6 Min e r a l an d R o c k D e f o rm a t i o n : L a b o r a t o r y S t u d i e s - T h e P a t e r s o n V o l u m e B. E. H o b bs a n d H. C. H ea r d 3 7 E a r th q u a k e S o ur c e M e c h a n i c s ( M a u r i c e E w i n g V o l um e 6 ) S h a m i ta D a s, J o h n B o a t w r i g h t, a n d C h r is t op h e r H. S c h o lz 3 8 I o n A c c e l e r a ti o n i n th e M a gn e t o s p h e r e an d I o n o s p h e r e Tom C h a n g ( E d. ) 3 9 H i g h P r e s s u re R e s e a r c h in M in e r a l P h y s i c s ( M in e r a l P h y s i c s V o l u m e 2 ) M u r l i H. M a n g h na n i a n d Y a s u h i ko S y o n o 40 G o n d w an a S ix : S tr u c t u r e T e c t o n i c s, a n d G e o p h y s i c s G a ry D. M c Kenz i e ( E d. ) 4 1 G o n d w an a S ix : S tr a ti gr a p h y, S e d i m e n t o l o g y, an d P a l e o n t o l o g y Ga rry D. M c Ke n z ie ( E d. ) 42 F l o w a n d T r a n s p o r t T h r o u g h U n s a t ur a t e d F r a c t ure d R o c k D a n i e l D. E va n s a n d Th o m a s J. N i c h o l s o n

4 43 S e a m o u n t s, I s l an d s, a n d A t o l l s B a r ba r a H. Kea t i n g, P a t r ic ia F ry e r, R odey B a t iza, a nd G e o r g e W. B o e h l er t 44 M o d e l i n g M a gn e t o s p h e ri c P l a s m a T. E. M oo r e a n d J. H. W a i t e, J r. 45 P e ro v s k i t e : A S tru c t u r e o f G r e a t I n t e r e s t t o G e o p h y s i c s an d M a t e r i al s S ci e n c e A l e xa n d ra N a v r o t s ky a n d D o n a l d J. W e i d n er 46 S tru c t ure a n d D y n am i c s o f E a rth ' s D e e p I n t e ri o r ( I U G G V o l u m e 1 ) D. E. S m y l i e a n d R a y m o n d H id e 4 7 H y d ro l o gi c a l R e gi m e s a n d T h e ir S u b s ur f a c e T h e nn a l E ff e c t s ( I U G G V o l u m e 2 ) A la n E. B ec k, G r a n t G a rv e n, a n d La j o s S t e g e n a 48 O r i gi n an d E v o l u ti o n o f S e d i m e n t a r y B a s in s an d T h e i r E n e rg y a n d M in e r al R e s o ur c e s ( I U G G V o l u m e 3 ) Ra y m o n d A. P r i ce ( E d. ) 4 9 S l o w D e f o rm a t i o n a n d T r an s m i s s i o n o f S tr e s s in t h e E a rt h ( I U G G V o l um e 4 ) S t eve n C. C o h e n a n d P e t r V a n f c e k 50 D e e p S t r u c t u r e a n d P a s t Kin e m a t i c s o f A c c r e t e d T e rr a n e s ( I U G G V o l um e 5 ) J o h n W. H i l l h o u s e ( E d. ) 5 1 P r o p e rti e s a n d P r o c e s s e s o f E a rth ' s L o w e r C ru s t ( I U G G V o l u m e 6 ) R o be r t F. M e r e u, S t ep h a n M u e l l e r, a n d D a v id M. F o u n t a i n 5 2 U n d e rs t a n d in g C l i m a t e C h an g e ( I U G G V o l u m e 7 ) A n d r e L. B e r g e r, R o ber t E. D i c k i n s o n, a n d J. K id s o n 5 3 P l a s m a W a v e s a n d I s t a b i l i t i e s a t C o m e t s a n d i n M a gn e t o s p h e r e s B r u c e T. T s u r u t a n i a n d H i r o s h i Oy a 54 S o l ar S y s t e m P l a s m a P h y s i c s J. H. W a i t e, J r., J. L. B u r c h, a n d R. L. M o o r e 5 5 A s p e c t s o f C li m a t e V a ri a b i l i t y i n t h e P a c i fi c a n d W e s t e rn A m e r i c as D a v id H. P e t e r s o n ( E d. ) 5 6 Th e B ri t t l e - D u c t il e T r an s i t i o n i n R o c k s A. G. D u ba, W. B. D u r h a m, J. W. H a n d i n, a n d H. F. W a n g 5 7 E v o l u t i o n o f M i d O c e an R i d g e s ( I U G G V o l u m e 8 ) J o h n M. S i n t o n ( E d. ) 5 8 P h y s i c s o f M a gn e t i c F l ux R o p e s C. T. R u s s e l l, E. R. P r ies t, a n d L. C. L e e 5 9 V ar i a t i o n s in E a rth R o t a ti o n ( I U G G V o l um e 9 ) D e n n i s D. M c Ol r t h y a nd W i l l ia m s E. Ca r t er 60 Q u o V a d im u s G e o p h y s i c s f o r t h e N e x t G e n e r a t i o n ( I U G G V o l um e 1 0 ) G e o r g e D. G a r la n d a n d J o h n R. A pe l 6 1 C o m e t ary P l a s m a P r o c e s s e s A la n D. J o h n s t o n e ( E d. ) 6 2 M o d e l i n g M a gn e t o s p h e ri c P l a s m a P r o c e s s e s G o r do n K. W i l s o n ( E d. ) 63 M arin e P a rti c l e s A n a l y s i s an d C h ar a c t e ri z a ti o n D a v id C. H u r d a n d D e r e k W. S pencer 64 M a gn e t o s p h e ri c S u b s t o nn s J o s ep h R. Ka n, I7w ma s A. P o t e m ra, S u s u m u K o k u bu n, a n d T a kes i I i j i m a 65 E x p l o s i o n S o u r c e P h e n o m e n o l o g y S t ev e n R. T a y l o r, H o wa r d J. P a t t o n, a nd P a u l G. R i c h a r d s 66 V e n u s a n d M ars : A tm o s p h e r e s, I o n o s p h e r e s, an d S o l ar W i n d I n t e r a c ti o n s J a n e t G. L u h m a n n, Ma r ie l la T a t r a l l y a y, a n d R o be r t O. P ep i n 6 7 H i g h - P r e s s u r e R e s e a r c h : A p p l i c a ti o n t o E a rth an d P l a n e t a r y S c i e n c e s ( M i n e r a l P h y s i c s V o l u m e 3 ) Y a s u h i ko S y o n o a n d M u r l i H. M a n g h n a n i 68 M i c ro w a v e R e m o t e S e n s in g o f S e a I c e F ra n k C a r s ey, R o g e r B a r ry, J o s efi n o C o m is o, D. A n d r ew R o t h r o c k, R o b e r t S h u c h m a n, W. T e rry T u c ke r, W i l f o r d W e e ks, a n d D a l e W i n e b r e n n e r 6 9 S e a L e v e l C h an g e s : D e t e nn i n a ti o n a n d E ff e c t s ( I U G G V o l um e 1 1 ) P. L. W oo d w o r th, D. T. P u g h, J. G. D e R o n d e, R. G. W a r r ic k, a n d J. H a n n a h 7 0 S y n t h e s i s o f R e s u l t s f r o m S c i e n tifi c D ril l in g in t h e I n d i a n O c e an R o be r t A. D u n ca n, D a v id K. R ea, R o be r t B. K id d, W r ic h v o n Rad, a n d J ef fr ey K. W e i s s e l 71 M an t l e F l o w a n d M e l t G e n e r a ti o n a t M i d - O c e a n R i d g e s J a s o n P h i pp s M o r g a n, D o n n a K. B la c km a n, a n d J o h n M. S i n t o n 72 Dynami c s o f E a rt h ' s D e e p I n t e r i o r a n d E a rt h R o t a t i o n ( I U G G V o l um e 1 2 ) J ea n - Lo u i s Le M o u e l, D. E. S m y l i e, a n d Th o m a s H e r r i n g 7 3 E n v i r o n m e n t a l E ff e c ts o n S p a c e c r a f t P o s i t i o n i n g a n d T r a j e c t o ri e s ( I U G G V o l um e 1 3 ) A. V a l l a n ce J o n es ( E d. ) 7 4 E v o l u t i o n o f t h e E arth a n d P l an e ts ( I U G G V o l um e 1 4 ) E. T a ka h a s h i, R a y m o n d J ea n l o z, a n d Da v id R u b ie 7 5 I n t e r a c ti o n s B e t w e e n G l o b a l C l i m a t e S u b s y s t e m s : T h e L e g a c y o f H an n ( I U G G V o l um e 1 5 ) G. A. M c B e a n a n d M. H a n t e l 7 6 R e l a ti n g G e o p h y s i c a l S tru c t u r e s a n d P r o c e s s e s : T h e J e ff r e y s V o l um e ( IU G G V o l u m e 1 6 ) K. A k i a n d R. D m a w s ka 77 T h e M e s o z o i c P a c i fi c : G e o l o g y, T e c t o n i c s an d V o l c a n i s m- - A V o l um e i n M e m o ry o f S y S c h l an g e r Ma l co l m S. P r i n g l e, W i l l ia m W. S a g e r, W i l l ia m V. S l i t e r, a n d S e t h S t e i n 7 8 C l i m a t e C h a n g e i n C o n t i n e n ta l I s o t o p i c R e c o r d s P. K. S w a r t, K. C. L o h ma n n, J. M c Ke n z ie, a n d S. S a v i n 79 Th e T o rna d o : I t s S t ru c t ur e, D y n a m i c s, P r e d i c t i o n, an d H az ar d s C. C h u r c h, D. B u r g es s, C. D o s we l l, R. D a v ies - J o n es 80 A ur o r a l P l a s m a D y n a m i c s R. L. L y s a k ( E d. )

5 8 1 S o l ar W in d S o ur c e s o f M a gn e t o s p h e ri c U l tr a - L o w F r e q u e n c y W a v e s M. J. E n g e b r e t s o n, K. T akahas h i, a n d M. S ch o l e r 8 2 G r a v i m e try a n d S p a c e T e ch n i q u e s A p p l i e d t o G e o d y n a m i c s a n d O c e an D y n a m i c s B o b E. S c h u t z, A l l e n A nderson, C l a u d e F r o ideva u x, a n d M ic h a e l P a r ke 83 N o nlin e ar D y n a m i c s a n d P r e di c ta b i l i t y o f G e o p h y s i c a l P h e n o m e n a W i l l ia m I. N ewma n, A n d r e i G a brie l a v, a n d D o na l d L. T u r co t t e M a uri c e E w i n g V o l um e s 1 I s l an d A r c s, D e e p S e a T r e n c h e s, an d B a c k - Ar c B a s i n s Ma n i k T a l wa n i a n d W a l t e r C. P i t ma n II I 2 D e e p D ril ling R e s u l ts i n t h e A t l an t i c O c e a n : O c e an C ru s t Ma n ik T a l wa n i, C h r i s t o p h e r G. Ha rris on, a nd D e n n is E. H a y es 3 D e e p D ri l l i n g R e s u l t s i n t h e A t l a n t i c O c e an : C o n ti n e n t a l M argins a n d P al e o e n v i ro nm e n t Ma n ik T a l wa n i, W il l ia m H a y, a n d W i l l ia m B. F. R y a n 4 E a rth q u a k e P r e d i c ti o n- A n I n t e rna ti o n al R e v i e w D a v id W. S i m ps o n a n d P a u l G. R ic h a r d s 5 O i m a t e P r o c e s s e s an d O i m a t e S e n s i ti v i t y J a m es E. H a n se n a n d T a r o T akahas h i 6 E arth q u a k e S o u rc e M e c h a n i c s S h a m i t a Das, J o h n I U G G B oa twri g h t, a n d C h r is t o p h e r H. S ch o l z V o l u m e s 1 S tru c tu r e a n d D yn a m i c s o f E arth ' s D e e p I n t e ri o r D. E. S m y l ie a n d Raymond H id e ( E ds. ) 2 H y dro l o gi c a l R e gim e s an d Th e i r S u b s u rf a c e Th e rma l E ff e cts A la n E. B ec k, G r a n t G a rven, a n d LA j os S te g e na 3 O ri gin an d E v o l u ti o n o f S e d i m e n tary B a s in s an d Th e i r E n e rgy an d M i n e r al R e so urc e s R a y m o n d A. P r ice ( E d. ) 4 S l o w D e f o rm a ti o n a n d T r an s m i s s i o n o f S tr e s s i n t h e E a rt h S t even C. C o h e n a n d P e t r V a n fce k 5 D e e p S tru c tu r e an d P a s t Ki n e m a ti c s o f A c cr e t e d T e rr an c e s J o h n W. H i l lh o u se ( E d. ) 6 P ro p e r ti e s a n d P r o c e s s e s o f E a rth ' s L o w e r C ru s t R o be r t F. M e r e u, S t ep h a n M u e l l e r, a n d D a v id M. F o u n t a i n 7 U n d e r s t a n d i n g O i m a t e C h an g e A n d r e L. B er g e r, R o be r t E. D i ck i n s o n, a n d J. K id s o n 8 E v o l u t i o n o f M i d O c e an R i d g e s J o h n M. S i n t o n ( E d. ) 9 V a ri a t i o n s i n E a r t h R o t a t i o n D e n n i s D. M c Ca r t h y a n d W i l l ia m E. C a r t e r 1 0 Q u o V a d i m u s G e o p h y s i c s f o r t h e N e x t G e n e r a t i o n G e o r g e D. G a r l a n d a n d J o h n R. A p e l 1 1 S e a L e v e l C h an g e s : D e t e rm i n a t i o n s a n d E ff e c t s P h i l i p L. W o o d w o r t h, D a v i d T. P u g h, J o h n G. D e R o n d e, R ic h a r d G. W a r r i c k, a n d J o h n H a n n a h 1 2 D y n a m i c s o f E a r th ' s D e e p I n t e r i o r a n d E a r th R o t a t i o n J ea n - L o u i s L e M o u e l, Th o m a s H e r r i n g D. E. S m y l i e, a n d 1 3 E n v i r o n m e n t a l E ff e c t s o n S p a c e c r a f t P o s i t i o n i n g a n d T r a j e c t o r i e s A. V a l l a n c e J o n e s ( E d. ) 1 4 E v o l u t i o n o f t h e E a r t h a n d P l a n e t s E. T a ka h a s h i, R a y m o n d J e a n l o z, a n d D a v i d R u b i e 1 5 I n t e r a c t i o n s B e t w e e n G l o b a l C l i m a t e S u b s y s t e m s : T h e L e g a c y o f H a n n G. A. M c B e a n a n d M. H a n t e l 1 6 R e l a ti n g G e o p h y s i c a l S t r u c t u r e s a n d P r o c e s s e s : T h e J e ff r e y s V o l u m e K. A k i a n d R. D m o w s ka 1 7 G r a v i m e t ry a n d S p a c e T e c h n i q u e s A p p l i e d t o G e o d y n a m i c s a n d O c e an D y n a m i c s B o b E. S c h u t z, A l l e n A n d e r s o n, C l a u d e F r o i d ev a u x, a n d M i c h a e l P a r ke M i n e r a l P h y s i c s V o l u m e s 1 P o i n t D e f e c t s i n M i n e r a l s R o b e r t N. S c h o c k ( E d. ) 2 H i g h P r e s s u r e R e s e ar c h i n M i n e r a l P h y s i c s M u r l i H. M a n g h n a n i a n d Y a s u h i ko S y o n a 3 H i g h P r e s s u r e R e s e ar c h : A p p l i c a t i o n t o E a r t h a n d P l a n e t a r y S c i e n c e s Y a s u h i ko S y o n o a n d M u r l i H. Ma n g h n a n i

6 G e o p h y s i c a l M o n o g r a p h 8 4 S o l a r S y s t e tn P l a s tn a s i n S p a c e a n d T i tn e J. L. B u r c h J. H. W a i t e, J r. E d i t o r s 'i E A ll s " :>- 'I 7 5 W < 0 ; :.;: X c, <..) re! J l = > A m e r i c a n G e o p h y s i c a l U n i o n

7 P u b l i s h e d u n d e r t h e a e g i s o f t h e A G U B o o k s B o a r d. L i b r a r y o f C o n g r e s s C a t a l o g i n g - i n - P u b l i c a t i o n D a t a S o l a r s y s t e m p l a s m a s i n s p a c e a n d t i m e / J. L. B u r c h, a n d J. H. W a i t e, J r., e d i t o r s. p. c m. - ( G e o p h y s i c a l m o n o g r a p h ; 8 4 ) I n c l u d e s b i b l i o g r a p h i c a l r e f e r e n c e s. I S B N S o l a r w i n d. 2. S p a c e p l a s m a s. 3. M a g n e t o s p h e r e. I. B u r c h, J. L. G a m e s L. ) I I. W a i t e, J r., J. H. G a c k H. ) I I I. S e r i e s. Q B S d c C I P I S S N I S B N C o p y r i g h t b y t h e A m e r i c a n G e o p h y s i c a l U n i o n, F l o r i d a A v e n u e, N W, W a s h i n g t o n, D C , U. S. A. F i g u r e s, t a b l e s, a n d s h o r t e x c e r p t s m a y b e r e p r i n t e d i n s c i e n t i fi c b o o k s a n d j o u rn a l s i f t h e s o u r c e i s p r o p e r l y c i t e d. A u th o riza ti o n t o p h o t oc o p y i t e m s f o r i n t e rnal o r p e r s o n a l u s e, o r t h e in t e rnal o r p e r s o n a l u s e o f s p e cif i c c li e n t s, is g r a n t e d b y t h e Am e ri c a n G e o p h y s i c a l U ni o n f o r l i b r ari e s a n d o th e r u s e r s r e gis t e r e d w i th th e C o p y ri gh t O e ar a n c e C e n t e r ( C c q T r a n sa c ti o n a l R e p o r ti n g S e r v i c e, p r o v i d e d th a t t h e b a s e f e e o f $ p e r c o p y p l u s $ p e r p a g e i s p a i d d ir e c tl y t o C C C, 22 2 R o s e w o o d Dr., D an v e r s, MA /94/$ his c o n s e n t d oe s n o t e x t e n d t o o th e r k i n d s o f c o p yin g, s u c h a s c o p y i n g f o r c r e a tin g n e w c o l l e cti v e w o r k s o r f o r r e s a l e. T h e r e p r o d u c ti o n o f m ul ti p l e c o p i e s a n d t h e u s e o f ful l a r ti c l e s o r t h e u s e o f e x tr a ct s, in c l u d i n g fi g u r e s a n d ta b l e s, f o r c o m m e rcia l p urpo s e s r e q u i r e s p e nni s s i o n fr o m A G U. Prin ted in t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s o f A m e ri c a.

8 C O N T E N T S Pr e f a c e J. L. B u r c h, J. H. W a i t e, J r., a n d W. S. L e w i s x i i i F i e l d S t r u c t u r e s H e a t i n g o f X - r a y B r i g h t P o i n t s a n d O t h e r C o r o n a l S t r u c t u r e s E. R. P r i e s t 1 S o l a r F l a r e H a r d X - r a y A n g u l a r D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d I t s T i m e E v o l u t i o n P e n g L i 1 5 T h e E x p e r i m e n t a l S i g n a t u r e s o f C o r o n a l H e a t i n g M e c h a n i s m s P e t e r J. C a r g i l l 2 1 S p a c e - t i m e S t r u c t u r e o f L a n g m u i r T u r b u l e n c e i n t h e L o w e r S o l a r C o r o n a M. V. G o l d m a n a n d D. L. N e w m a n 3 3 D e v e l o p m e n t o f F r a c t a l S t r u c t u r e i n t h e S o l a r W i n d a n d D i s t r i b u t i o n o f M a g n e t i c F i e l d i n t h e P h o t o s p h e r e A. V. M i l o v a n o v a n d L. M. Z e l e n y i 4 3 E v o l u t i o n o f t h e I n t e r p l a n e t a r y M a g n e t i c F i e l d D a v i d J. M c C o m a s 5 3 T h e S o l a r F l a r e M y t h i n S o l a r - T e r r e s t r i a l P h y s i c s J. T. G o s l i n g 6 5 G e n e r a t i o n a n d N o n l i n e a r E v o l u t i o n o f O b l i q u e M a g n e t o s o n i c W a v e s : A p p l i c a t i o n t o F o r e s h o c k a n d C o m e t s N. O m i d i, H. K a r i m a b a d i, D. K r a u s s - V a r b a n, a n d K. K i l l e n 7 1 M a g n e t o s p h e r i c a n d S o l a r W i n d S t u d i e s w i t h C o - o r b i t i n g S p a c e c r a ft C. T. R u s s e l l 8 5 M u l t i - S p a c e c r a ft S t u d y o f a S u b s t o r m G r o w t h a n d E x p a n s i o n P h a s e F e a t u r e s U s i n g a T i m e - E v o l v i n g F i e l d M o d e l D. N. B a k e r, T. I. P u l k k i n e n, R. L. M c P h e r r o n, a n d C. R. C l a u e r I o n A n i s o t r o p y - D r i v e n W a v e s i n t h e E a r t h ' s M a g n e t o s h e a t h a n d P l a s m a D e p l e t i o n L a y e r R i c h a r d E. D e n t o n, B r i a n J. A n d e r s o n, S t e p h e n A. F u s e l i e r, S. P e t e r G a ry, a n d M a ry K. H u d s o n M u l t i d i m e n s i o n a l F o u r i e r A n a l y s i s o f a W h i s t l e r P u l s e E x c i t e d b y a L o o p A n t e n n a C. L. R o u s c u l p, J. M. U r r u t i a, a n d R. L. S t e n z e l 1 2 1

9 C O N T E N T S T h e r m a l M a g n e t i c F l u c t u a t i o n s i n M a x w e l l i a n a n d N o n - M a x w e l l i a n P l a s m a s a t W h i s t l e r a n d E l e c t r o n C y c l o t r o n H a r m o n i c F r e q u e n c i e s R. L. S t e n z e l, G. G o l u b y a t n i k o v, a n d J. M. U r r u t i a M a g n e t i c D i p o l e A n t e n n a s i n M o v i n g P l a s m a s : a L a b o r a t o r y S i m u l a t i o n J. M. U r r u t i a, C. L. R o u s c u l p, a n d R. L. S t e n z e l P a r t i c l e s a n d F l o w S t r u c t u r e s I n t e r a c t i o n B e t w e e n G l o b a l M H O a n d K i n e t i c P r o c e s s e s i n t h e M a g n e t o t a i l G. G a n g u l i, H. R o m e r o, a n d J. F e d d e r T h e S t r u c t u r e a n d D y n a m i c s o f t h e P l a s m a S h e e t D u r i n g t h e G a l i l e o E a r t h - 1 F l y b y G. D. R e e v e s, T. A. F r i t z, R. D. B e l i a n, R. W. M c E n t i r e, D. J. W i l l i a m s, E. C. R o e l o f, M. G. K i v e l s o n, a n d B. W i l k e n I n i t i a l O b s e r v a t i o n s o f t h e M e d i u m D i s t a n c e M a g n e t o t a i l P l a s m a b y G E O T A I L : C o l d I o n B e a m s T. M u k a i, M. H i r a h a r a, S. M a c h i d a, Y. S a i t o, T. T e r a s a w a, a n d A. N i s h i d a T e m p o r a l E v o l u t i o n a n d S p a t i a l D i s p e r s i o n o f I o n C o n i c s : E v i d e n c e f o r a P o l a r C u s p H e a t i n g W a l l D. J. K n u d s e n, B. A. W h a l e n, T. A b e, a n d A. Y a u T e m p o r a l a n d S p a t i a l S i g n a t u r e s i n t h e I n j e c t i o n o f M a g n e t o s h e a t h P l a s m a i n t o t h e C u s p / C l e ft R. M. W i n g l e e, J. D. M e n i e t t i, W. K. P e t e r s o n, J. L. B u r c h, a n d J. H. W a i t e, J r T h e L o c a t i o n o f M a g n e t o p a u s e R e c o n n e c t i o n f o r N o r t h w a r d a n d S o u t h w a r d I n t e r p l a n e t a r y M a g n e t i c F i e l d T. G. O n s a g e r a n d S. A. F u s e l i e r T h e S h a p e a n d S i z e o f C o n v e c t i o n C e l l s i n t h e J o v i a n M a g n e t o s p h e r e T. W. H i l l S t r u c t u r e o f t h e V e n u s T a i l O. V a i s b e r g, V. S m i r n o v, A. O. F e d o r o v, L. A v a n o v, F. D u nj u s h k i n, J. G. L u h m a n n, a n d C. T. R u s s e l l I o n S c a t t e r i n g a n d A c c e l e r a t i o n b y L o w F r e q u e n c y W a v e s i n t h e C o m e t a r y E n v i r o n m e n t H. K a r i m a b a d i, N. O m i d i, a n d S. P. G a ry A x i s y m m e t r i c M o d e l i n g o f C o m e t a r y M a s s L o a d i n g o n a n A d a p t i v e l y R e fi n e d G r i d : H y d r o d y n a m i c R e s u l t s T a m a s J. G o m b o s i a n d K e n n e t h G. P o w e l l 2 3 7

10 C O N T E N T S M i s s i o n s a n d S t r a t e g i e s F i r s t H i g h - R e s o l u t i o n M e a s u r e m e n t s b y t h e F r e j a S a t e l l i t e R. L u n d i n, L. E l i a s s o n, O. N o r b e r g, G. M a r k l u n d, L. R. Z a n e t t i, B. A. W h a l e n, B. H o l b a c k, J. S. M u r p h r e e, G. H a e r e n d e l, M. B o e h m, a n d G. P a s c h m a n n T h e I n n e r M a g n e t o s p h e r e I m a g e r M i s s i o n D. L. G a l l a g h e r I m a g i n g o f M a g n e t o s p h e r i c D y n a m i c s U s i n g L o w E n e r g y N e u t r a l A t o m D e t e c t i o n H. O. F u n s t e n, D. J. M c C o m a s, K. R. M o o r e, E. E. S c i m e, a n d M. F. T h o m s e n T h e N A S A H i g h E n e r g y S o l a r P h y s i c s ( H E S P ) M i s s i o n f o r t h e N e x t S o l a r M a x i m u m R. P. L i n, B. R. D e n n i s, R. R a m a ty, A. G. E m s l i e, R. C a n fi e l d, a n d G. D o s c h e k 2 8 3

11 Base o f U pper Y o sem i t e F a i l s, Y o sem i t e N a t i o no. l P a r k, CI1 1 i forn il l, c P h o t o gr a p h b y A n s e l A d a m s. C o p y r i gh t b y t h e T r u s t e e s o f T h e A n s e l A d a m s P u b l i s h i n g Ri g h t s T r u s t. Al l Ri g h t s R e s e rv e d.

12 P R E F A C E S o l a remi s y s t e memi p l a s m a semi a r eemi h i gen yemi s t r u c tu r e demi a n demi d y n a m i cemi an demi a r eemi c h a r a c t e r i ze demi b yemi g r e a temi v a r i a b i l i t yemi i nemib o t hemi s p a c eemi an demi t i m e.emi Th eemi v a r i a t i o n semi i nemi t h e i remi s p a t i a lemi d i s t r i b u t i o nemi a n demi t e m p o r a lemi e v o l u t i o nemi o c c u remi o nemi aemi v a r i e t yemi o femi s c a l e s,emi r a n g i n gemi f r o memi k i l o m e t e r semi ( i o nemi g y r o r a d i u s )emi t oemi h u n d r e d semi o femi t h o u s a n d semi o femi k i l o m e t e r semi ( c o r o n a lemi m a s semi e j e c t i o n s )emi a n demi f r o memi m i c r o s e c o n d semi ( e l ec t r o nemi p l a s m aemi f r e q u e n c y )emi t oemi y e a r semi ( s o l a remi s u n s p o temi c y c l e ).emi S p a c eemi p l a s m aemi p h y s i c i s t semi er e e k i n gemi t oemi u n d e r s t a n demi t h eemi c o m p l e xemi p l a s m aemi p h e n o m e n aemi t h a temi o c c u remi a temi t h eemi S u n,emi eiemi t h eemi s o l a remi w i n d,emi an demi inemi t h eemi m a g n e t o s p h e r e semi a n demi i o n o s p h e r e semi o femi t h eemi E a r themi an demi o t h e remi s o l a remi s y s t e memi b o d i e semi t h u semi f a c eemi es i nemi c h a l l e n g e s.emi F i r s t,emi t h e yemi m u s temi d i s t i n g u i s hemi v a r i a t i o n semi t h a temi a r eemi s p a t i a lemi i nemin a t u r eemi fe. o memi t h o s eemi th a temi a r eemi t e m p o r a l.emi Th eemi h e a v yemi r e l i a n c eemi i nemi p a s temi i n v e s t i g a t i o n semi o nemi s i n g l e p o i n temi i nemi s i t uemi m e a s u r e m e n t semi h a semi s i g n i fi c a n t l yemi l i m i t e demi t h e i remi a b i l i t yemi t oemi d oemi t h i s.emi S e c o n d,emi s p a c eemi p h y s i c i s t semi m u s temi e l u c i d a t eemi t h eemi i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p semi a m o n gemi m i c r o -,emi m e s o -,emi a n demi m a c r o s c a l eemi p l a s m aemi p h e n o m e n a,emi r e l a t i o n s h i p semi t h a temi o r g a n i zeemi t h eemi v a r i o u semi s o l a remi s y s t e memi p l a s m a semi i n t oemi aemi s i n g l eemi h e l i o s p h e r i cemi p l a s m aemi s y s t e memi e m b e d d e demi i nemi t h eemi i n t e r s t e l l a remi m e d i u m.emi H e r e,emi t o o,emi e x p e r i m e n ta lemi l i mi ta t i o n semi h a v eemi c o n s t r a i n e demi t h eemi d e v e l o p m e n temi o femi aemi g l o b a lemi p i c t u r eemi o femi s o l a remi s y s t e memi p l a s ma s.emi H o w e v e r,emi n e wemi t e c h n o l o g i e semi p r o m i s eemi aemi s i g n i fi c a n temi a d v a n c eemi i nemi o u remi u n d e r s t a n d i n gemi o femi t h eemi i n t e r c o n n e c t e d n e s semi o femi s o l a remi s y s t e memi p l a s ma s.emi T h eemi t w oemi c h a l l e n g e semi j u s temim e n t i o n ed,emi w h i c hemi g i v eemi d i r e c t i o nemi t oemi m u c hemi o femi t h eemi f o r e f r o n temi r e s e a r c hemi b e i n gemi c o n d u c t edemi i nemis p a c eemi p l a s m aemi p h y s i c s,emi p r o v i d eemi t h eemi t h e ma t i cemi f o c u semi f o remi t h eemi p a p e r semi c o l l e c t e demi i nemi t h i semi v o l u m e.emi T h eemi r e s e a r c hemi r e p o r t edemi h e r eemi i semi i n t e n d e demi t oemi be b r o a d l yemi r e p r e s e n t a t i v eemi o femi w o r kemi u n d e r t a k e nemi i nemith eemi v a r i o u semi s u b d i s c i p l i n e semi o femi s p a c eemi p h y s i c semi t oemi i n v e s t i g a t eemi th eemi s p a t i a lemi a n demi t e m p o r a lemi s t r u c tu r eemi o femi s p a c eemi p l a s ma semi an demi t oemi r e l a t eemi l o c a lemi a n demi g l o b a lemi p l a s m aemi p r o c e s s e s.emi T e r r e s t r i a lemi m a g n e t o s p h e r i cemi p h y s i c semi i semir e p r e s e n t e demi b yemi n i n eemi p a p e r s,emi s o l a remi p h y s i c semi b yemi f o u r,emi h e l i o s p h e r i cemi p h y s i c semi b yemi t h r ee,emi a n demi c o m e ta r yemi a n demi p l a n e t a r yemi p h y s i c semi b yemi fi v e.emi I nemi a d d i t i o n,emi t h eemi v o l u m eemi i n c l u d e semi t h r e eemi l a b o r a t o r yemi p l a s m aemi s tu d i e semi an demi f o u remi p a p e r semi d e s c r i b i n gemi e x p e r i m e n t a lemi t e c h n i q u e semi a n demi m i s s i o n s.emi T h eemi p e r s p e c t i v eemi o f f e r e demi b yemi t h i semi c o l l e c t i o nemi i semi t h u semi aemi m u l t i d i s c i p l i n a r yemi o n e,emi a n demi i temii semii n e v i t a b l eemi t h a temi i temii s.emif o remi t h eemi p h e n o m e n aemi u n d e remi i n v e s t i g a t i o nemi w i lef,emi i nemi t h eemi fi n a lemi a n a l y s i s,emi o n l yemi y i e l demi t h e i remi s e c r e t semi t oemi a nemi a p p r o a c hemi t h a temi d r a w semi o nemi a n demi s y n t h e s i z e semi t h eemi i n s i g h t semi a c q u i r e demi b yemi e a c hemi o femi t h eemi s u b d i s c i - p l i n e semi t h a temi c o n s t i t u t eemi t h eemi l a r g e remi fi e l demi o femi s p a c eemi p h y s i c s.emi T oemi u n d e r s c o r eemi t h eemi m u l t i d i s c i p l i n a r yemi c h a r a c t e remi o femi t h i semic o l l e c t i o nemi ( an demi o femi t h eemi e n t e r p r i s eemi o femi s p a c eemi p l a s maemi p h y s i c s ),emi w eemi h a v eemi c h oep e nemi t oemi oed g an i z eemi t h eemi p a p e r semi i nemi t h r e eemi s e c t i o n semi a c c o r d i n gemi n o temi t oemi s u b d i s c i p l i n eemi b u temi t oemi t h r e eemi b r o a demi t h e m e s :emi e l e c t r i cemi a n demi maec e t i cemi es e l demi s t ru c t u r e s,emi p a r t i c l e semi a n demi fl o wemi s t r u c t u r e s,emi a n demi es s s i o n semi an demi s t r a t e g i e s.emi E a c hemi s ec t i o nemi i semi d e v o t e demi t oemi t h eemi d e v e l o p m e n temi o femi o n eemi o femi t h e s eemi t h e m e semi f r o memi aemi v a r i e t yemi o femi d i s c i p l i n a ryemi p e r s p e c t i v e s.emi F i e l d S t r u c t u r es. T h eemi p a p e r semi inemi t h i semis ec t i o nemi d e a lemi m a i n l yemi w i themi t h eemi b e h a v i o remi o femi e l ec t r i cemi an demi ma g n e t i cemi fi e l d semi i nemi s p a c eemi p l a s m a s.emi Th eemi fi r s temi f o u remi p a p e r semi f o c u semi o nemi p l a s m aemi p r o c e s s e s - r e c o n n e c t i o n,emi n a n o f l a r e s,emi L a n g m u i remi tu r b u l e n c e - o c c u re. gemi a temit h eemi S u n.emi P r i e s temi r e v i e w semi p o s s i b l eemi m ec h a n i s m semi f o remi th eemi eh e a t i n gemi o femi c o r o n a lemi h o l e semi an demi c o r o n a lemi led p semi an demi p r o p o s e semi aemi n e wemi e) re - p h a s eemi " c o n v e r g i n gemi fl u xemi m o d e l "emi f o remi t h eemi p r o d u c t i o nemi o femi Xemi - r a yemi b r i g h temi p o i n t s,emi e h i l eemi L iemi r e p oeu semi t h eemi r e s u l t semi o femi aemi s ta t i s t i c a lemi s t u d yemi o femi t h eemi an g u l a remi d i s t ri b u t i o nemi o femi h a r demi X - r a yemi e m i s s i o n semi i nemis o l a remi fl a r e semi an demi i t semi t e m p o r a lemi e v o l u t i o n.emi C a r g i l lemi p r e s e n t semi t h e o r e t i c a lemi c o n s i d e r a t i o n semi r e l e v an temi t oemi t h eemi i d e n t i fi c a t i o nemi o femi c o r o n a lemi r a d i a t i v eemi s i g n a t u r e semi t h a temi c o u l demi p r o v i d eemi c l u e semi t oemi t h eemi m ec h a n i s m semi r e s p o n s i b l eemi f o remi c o r o n a lemi h e a t i n gemi a n demi c o m p u t e semi t h eemi s p e c t r a lemi l i n eemi p r o fi l e semi f o remi o n eemi s u c hemi m e c h an i s memi ( n a n o fl a r eemi h e a t i n g ).emi G o l delemi an demi N e webemi d e s c r i b eemi aemi t h eo r e t i c a lemi m o d e lemi f o remi t h eemi s p a t i a lemi a n demi t e m p o r aeyemi s t r u c tu r eemi o femi L an g m u i remi t u r b u l eeo c eemi e x c i t e demi b yemi e l e c t r o nemi b e a m semi a s s o c i a t e demi w i t hemi T y p eemi I I Iemi r a d i oemi e m i s s i o nemi e v e n t semi i nemit h eemi l o w e remi s o l a remi c o r o n a.emi T h eemi t h r e eemi p a p e r semi t h a temi f o l l o wemi o ff e remi aemi w i d e r - a n g l eemi v i e wemi o femi e v e n t semi o c c u r r i n gemi a temi t h eemi S u n,emi w h i c hemi a r eemi d i s c u s s e demi i nemi t h eemi c o n t e x temi o femi t h e i remi r e l a t i o n s h i pemi t oemi s t r u c t u r e semi a n demi p r o c e s s e semi i nemi t h eemi s o l a remi w i n d.emi M i l o v a n o vemi a n demi Z e l e n y iemi p r e s e n temi aemi m o d e lemi o femi th eemi f r a c ta lemi s t r u c t u r eemi o femi s o l a remi w i n demi t u r b u l e n c eemi a n demi e x a mi n eemi t h eemi r e l a t i o n s h i pemi o femi f r a c t a lemi s o l a remi w i n demi p r o p e r t i e semi t oemin o n l i n e a remi p r o c e s s e semi egemi t h eemi p h o t o s p h e r eemi a n demi c o n v e c t i o nemi z o n e.emi M ceo C o m a semi e temi a l.emi r e l a t eemi l o c a l,emi i nemi s i t uemi p l a s m aemi m e a s u r e m e n t semi ma d eemi i nemi t h eemi i n t e rp l a n e ta r yemi m e d i u memi t oemi g l o b a lemi i m a g e semi o femi t h eemi s o l a remi c o r o n aemi t oemi d r a wemi c o n c l u s i o n semi a b o u temi t h eemi e f f e c t semi o femi c o r o n a lemi m a s semi e j e c t i o n semi an demi c o r o n a lemi d i s c o n n e c t i o nemi e v e n t semi o nemi t h eemi e v o l u t i o nemi o femi t h eemi i n t e r p l a n e ta r yemi m a g n e t i cemi fi e l d.emi I nemi t h eemi " S o l a remi F l a r eemi M y t hemi i nemi S o l a r - T e r r e s t r i a lemi P h y s i c s "emi G o s l i n gemi r e v i e w semi o b s e r v a t i o n a lemi e v i d e n c eemi t h a temi c a l l semi i n t oemi q u e s t i o nemi t h eemi

13 s t a n d a r demi p a r a d i g memi a c c o r d i n gemi t oemi w h i c hemi s o l a remi fl a r e semi a r eemi t h eemi c a u s eemi o femi d i s t u r b an c e semi i nemit h eemi n e a r - E a r t hemi s p a c eemi e n v i r o n m e n t.emi In th eemi n e wemi p a r a d i g memi t h a temi G o s l i n gemi p r o p o s e s,emi e v e n t semi s u c hemi a semi g e o m a g n e t i cemi s t o r m semi r e s u l temi f r o memi s h o c k semi d r i v e nemi b yemi c o r o n a lemi ma s semi e j ec t i o n semi i n s t e a demi o femi f r o memi et a r eemi a c t i v i t y.emi W i t hemi t h eemi n e x temi f o u remi p a p e r s,emi t h eemi e m p h a s i semi s h i ft semi f r o memi s o l a remi p r o c e s s e semi a n demi t h e i remi m a n i f e s t a t i o n semi i nemi t h eemi s o l a remi w i n demi t oemi t h eemi i n t e r a c t i o nemi b e tw ee nemi t h eemi s o l a remi w i n demi a n demi t h eemi E a r t h,emi o t h e remi p l a n e t s,emi a n demi c o m e t s.emi O mi d iemi e temi a I.emi u s eemi l i n e a remi t h e o r yemi an demi h y b r i demi s i m u l a t i o n semi t oemi s t u d yemi t h eemi f o r m a t i o nemi o femi ma g n e t o s o n i cemi w a v e semi ( s h o c k l e t s )emi u p s t r e a memi o femi p l a n e ta r yemi b o w sel o c k semi an demi a temi c o m e t semi a n demi t h e i remi s u b s e q u e n temi n o n l i n e a remi e v o l u t i o n.emi R u s s e l lemi r e v i e w semi t h eemi l e s s o n semi l e a rn e demi f r o memi t h eemi I S E Eemi mi s s i o nemi a b o u temi t h eemi r o l eemi o femi m e a s u r e m e n t semi b yemi m u l t i p l eemi s p a c e c r a ftemi a temi v aen i n gemi s e p a r a t i o n semi i nemii n v e s t i g a t i n gemi aemi v a r i e t yemi o femi s h o c kemi a n demi w aeta eemi p h e n o m e n aemi o c c u r r i n gemi i nemi t h eemi s o l a remi w i n d,emi a temi t h eemi b o wemi s h o c k,emi an demi i nemit h eemi m a g n e t o s h e a t hemi a n demi i nemiu n d e r s t a n d i n gemi s u c hemi s t ru c tu r e semi a semi fl u xemi t r an s f e remi e v e n t semi a n demi t h eemi t a i lemic u rr e n temi s h e e t.emi,emi a c c e l e r a t i o nemi o femi t h eemi i o n semi i nemi aemi w a l l - l i k eemi h ea t i n gemi r e g i o nemi a temi t h eemi B ak e remi e temia I.emi e x aew eemi t h eemi E a r t h ' semi ma g n e t oemi ta i lemi c u rr e n temi s h e e temi d u r i n gemi t h eemi g r o w t hemi an demi e x p an s i o nemi p h a s eemi o femi aemi l a r g eemi s u b s t o rm.emi U s i n gemi ma g n e t i cemi fi e l demi da t aemi f r o memi ee o u remi s p a c ec r a ftemi i nemi tet eemi n e a r - ta i lemi r e g i o nemi an demi a u r o r a lemi i ma g e semi f r o memi tw oemi o t h e remi s p a c eceg aen,emi t o g e t h e remi w i t hemi g r o u n d - b a s e demi o b s e rv a t i o n s,emi t h e s eemi a u th o r semi s u c c e s s fu l l yemi s e p a r a t eemi s p a t i a lemi a n demi t e m p o r a lemi e f f ec t semi i nemi ter eemi s u b s t o rm.emi D e n t o nemi e temi a I.emi c o n s i d e remi r ec e n temi s t u d i e semi o femi AM P T Eemi o b s e rv a t i o n semi o femi l o w - f r eq u e n c yemi ( i o nemi c y c l o t r o nemi an demi m i rr o remi m o d e )emi w a v e semi i nemi t h eemi p l as maemi d e p l e t i o nemi l a y e remi an demi t h eemi ev a g n e t o s h e a t hemi a n demi s h o wemi t h a temi t h eemi o b s e r v e demi w a v eemi s p e c t r a lemi t y p e s,emi w h i c hemi o c c u remi a temid i f f e r e n temi p l a s m aemi b e t a s,emi a r eemi r e l a t edemi t oemi d i s t a n c eemi f r o memi t h eemi m a g n e t o p a u s e.emi T h eemi ea m a lemi t h r e eemi p a p e r semi i nemi t h i semis e c t i o nemi p r e s e n temi t h eemi r e s u l t semi o femi r e l a t e demi l a b o r a t o r yemi p l a s m aemi e x p e r i m e n t semi p e r f o rm e demi b yemi aemi g r o u pemi o femi r e s e a r c h e r semi a temi U C L A - R o u s c u l pemi e temia I.emi ( aemi m u l t i d i m e n s i o n a lemi F o u r i e remi an a l y s i semi o femi w h i s t l e remi p u l s e s ),emi S t e n ze lemi e temi al. ( m e a s u r e m e n t semi o femi t h e r m a lemi m a g n e t i cemi fl u c t u a t i o n semi a temi w h i s t l e remi an demi c y c l o t r o nemi h a rm o n i cemi f r e q u e n c i e s ),emi a n demi Ueb t i aemi e temi a I.emi( e f f ec t semi o femi t h eemi p e r t u r b a t i o nemi o femi aemi s ta t i o n a r yemi p l a s maemi b yemi aemi p u l s e demi m a g n e t i cemi d i p oei e ).emi T h e s eemi r e s u l t semi o b t a i n e demi i nemi t h e s eemi l a b o r a t o ryemi s t u d i e semi a r eemi r e l e v a n temi t oemi a c t i v eemi s p a c eemi p l a s maemi e x p e r i m e n t s.emi P a r t i c l es a n d Fl o w S t r u c t u r es. T h eemi p a p e r semi i nemi t h eemi s ec o n demi s e c t i o nemi f o c u semi o nemi p l a s m aemi d y n a mi c semi i nemi t h eemi t e r r e s t r i a lemi a n demi p l a n e t a r yemi ma g n e t o s p h e r e semi a n demi i nemi c o m e ta r yemi p l a s m aemi e n v i r o n m e n t s.emi T h eemi fi r s temi t h r e eemi p a p e r semi e x a mi n eemi m a g n e t o taeu lemi d y n a mi c s.emi G an g u l iemi e temi a I.emi p r e s e n temi r e s u l t semi o femi aemi m o d e l i n gemi s t u d yemi o femit h eemi s t r u c te, r eemi a n demi n o n l i n ea remi d y n a mi c semi o femi t h eemi p l a s m aemi s h e e temi b o u n d a r yemi l a y e remi ( P S B L ).emi A l t h o u g hemi n o temi y e temi c o m p l e t e,emi t h e i remi m o d e lemi i nemi i t semip r e s e n temi f o r memi i l l u m i n a t e semi c e r t a i nemi a s p e c t semi o femi t h eemi c o u p l i n gemi b e t w e e nemi t h eemi g l o b a lemi d y n a m i c semi o femi t h eemi s o l a remi w i n d - m a g n e t o s p h e r eemi i n t e r a c t i o nemi a n demi mi c r o s c a l eemi d i s s i p a t i v eemi p r o c e s s e semi ( e. g.,emi r e s i s t i v i t y,emi v i s c o s i t y )emi o c c u r r i n gemi i nemi t h eemi s t r e s s e demi m a g n e t o ta i I.emi Ted eemi s t r u c t u r eemi a n demi d y n a mi c semi o femi t h eemi p l a s maemi s h e e temi a r eemi a l s oemi t h eemi s u b j e c temi o femi t h eemi p a p e remi b yemi R e e v e semi e temi a I.,emi w h oemi a n a l y z eemi p a r t i c l eemi fl u xemi d a t aemi f r o memi G a l i l e oemi a n demi aemi g e o s y n c h r o n o u semi s p a c e c r a ftemi t oemi s t u d yemi s p a t i a lemi a n demi t e m p o r a lemi v a r i a b i l i t yemi i nemi t h eemi p l a s m aemi s h e e temi d u r i n gemi aemi s u b s t o rmemi g r o w t hemi p h a s e.emi T h eemi t h i r demi p a p e r,emi b yemi M u k a iemi e temia I.,emid i s c u s s e semi c o l demi i o nemi b ea m semi o b s e r v e demi b yemi G e o t a i lemi i nemi t h eemi m a g n e t o ta i lemi l o b eemi d u ri n gemi aemi s u b s t o r m.emi Th eemi o b s e r v e demi i o n semi ( H +emi a n demi 0 + )emi p r e s u m a b l yemi o r i g i n a t e demi i nemi t h eemi d a y s i d eemi p o l a remi i o n o s p h e r eemi a n demi w e r eemi c o n v e c t e demi ta i l w a r demi t oemi t h eemi m i d - t a i lemi r e g i o n.emi T e m p o r a lemi v a r i a t i o n semi i nemit h e i remi fl o wemi v e l o c i t yemi m a yemi h a v eemi b e e nemi c a u s e demi b yemi th eemi p a s s a g eemi o femi aemi p l a s m o i d.emi T h eemi n e x temi t h r e eemi p a p e r semi c o n c e rnemi p l a s maemi p o p u l a t i o n semi an d p r o c e s s e semi o c c u r r i n gemi i nemi t h eemi c u s p / c l e ftemi r e g i o nemi o femi t h eemi E a r t h ' semi ma g n e t o s p h e r eemi o remi a temi t h eemi s u b s o l a remi m a g n e t o p a u s e.emi Kn u d s e nemi e temi a l.emi a n a l y z eemi E X O S - Demi m e a s u r e m e neu semi o femi c u s pemi i o n semi o femi i o n oet p h e r i cemi o r i g i nemi a n demi fi n demi t h a temi t h eemi o b s e r v e demi i o nemi c o n i cemi ea i t cepemi an g l eemi b e h a v i oehemi c o u l demi b eemi eei p l a i n e demi i nemi t e r m semi o femi t h eemi eq u a t oef a r demi b o u n d a r yemi o femi th eemi c u s p.emi T h eemi o b s e rv e demi i o n semi a r eemi s u b s eem u eem t l yemi c o n v ec t e demi n o r t h w a r d.emi W h i l eemi K n u d s e nemi e temi a I.emi a r eemi c o n c e rn e demi w i t hemi t h eemi u pemi fl o wemi o femi i o n semi f r o memi t h eemi i o n o s p h e r eemi i n t oemi t h eemi m a g n e t o s p h e r e,emi W i n g l e eemi e temi a I.emi c o n s i d e remi t h eemi i n j ec t i o nemi o femi i o n semi f r o memi t h eemi m a g n e t o s h e a t hemi i n t oemi t h eemi c u s p / c l e ftemi an demi t h eemi i n t e r a c t i o nemi o femi t h e s eemi i o n semi w i t hemi t h o s eemi o femi i o n o s p h e ri cemi o r i g i n.emi T oemi r e s o l v eemi t h eemi s p a t i a lemi a n demi t e m p o r a lemi a s p e c t semi o femi t h i semi i n t e r a c t i o n,emi i nemi w h i c hemi t h e r eemi i semi aemi d i r e c temi t r a n s f e remi o femi e n e r g yemi f r o memi t h eemi in j e c t e demi ma g n e t o s h e a t hemi i o n semi t oemi th eemi u p w e l l i n gemi i o n o s p h e r i cemi i o n s,emi t h eemi a u t h o r semi e m p l o yemi m e s o s c a l eemi p a r t i c l eemi s i m u l a t i o n semi o femim a g n e t o s h e a t hemi p l a s maemi i n j e c t i o nemi a n demi c o m p a r eemi th eemi s i m u l a t i o nemi r e s u l t semi w i t hemi D E -eeemi p a r t i c l eemi o b s e r v a t i o n s.emi O n eemi o femi t h eemi k e yemi s o l a remi w i n d / ma g n e t o s p h e r eemi c o u p l i n gemi p r o c e s s e semi r e s p o n s i b l eemi f o remi t h eemi i nes e c t i o nemi o femi s o l a remi w i n demi ( m a g n e t o set ea t h )emi p l a s maemi i n t oemi t h eemi m a g n e t o s p h e r eemi i semi r e c o n n e c t i o n.emi O n s a g e remi a n demi F u s e l i e remi u s eemi A Memi P T Eemi C C Eemi m e a s u r e m e n t semi o femi ma g n e t o s h e a t hemi H e + +emi i nemi t h eemi l o w - l a t i t u d eemi b o u n d a ryemi l a y e remi t oemi e s t i ma t eemi t h eemi l o c a t i o nemi o femi m a g n e t o p a u s eemi r e c o n n e c t i o nemi s i t e s.emi Th e yemi c o n s i d e remi t w oemi c a s e s,emi o n eemi f o remi s o u t h w a r demi I M Femi a n demi o n eemi f o remi n o r t h w a r demi I M F,emi a n demi fi n demi t h a temi r e c o n n e c t i o nemi o c c u rr e demi w i t h i nemi a b o u temi 6 R Eemi o femi t h eemi s u b s o l a remi ma g n e t o p a u s eemi an demi e q u a t oel a r demi o femi t h eemi c u s p.emi T h eemi l a s temi f o u remi p a p e r semi i nemi t h i semi s e c t i o nemi e x a mi n eemi p l a s maemi d y n a m i c semi i nemi t h eemi J o v i anemi ma g n e t o s p h e r e,emi t h eemi i n d u c e demi ma g n e t o t a i lemi o femi V e n u s,emi an demi i nemi t h eemi i n t e r a c t i o nemi o femi c o m e ta r yemi a t m o s p h e r e semi w i t hemi t h eemi s o l a remi w i n d.emi H i l lemi o ff e r semi aemi t h e o r e t i c a lemi d i s c u s s i o nemi o femi t h eemi m o rp h o l o g yemi a n demi s i zeemi o femi m e s o s c a l eemi c o n v e c t i o nemi c e l l semi a s s u m e demi t oemi e x i s temi w i t h i nemi t h eemi g l o b a lemi p a t t eefemi o femi c o r o t a t i n gemi c o n v e c t i o nemi i nemi t h eemi J o v i a nemi m a g n e t o s p h e r e.emi D e p e n d i n gemi o nemi t h eemi c o n v e c t i o nemi m o d e lemi u s e d,emi c e l lemi s c a l eemi s iean e semi r an g i n gemi f r o memi 0. 2 R Jemi t oemi 2. 0 R Jemi c a nemi b eemi c a l c u l a t ed.emi V a i s b e r gemi e temi a l.emi d i s c u s semi t h eemi v a r i o u semi p l a s m aemi p o p u l a t i o n semi o b s eema edemi i nemi t h eemi i n d u c e demi V e n u s i a nemi ma g n e t o t a i l,emi w h i c hemi i semi f o rm e demi b yemi t h eemi ma s semi l o a d i n gemi e, femi t h eemi s oem a remi w i n demi i nemi i t semii n t e r a c t i o nemi w i t hemi t h eemi

14 V e n u semi i o n o s p h e r e.emi S o l a remi w i n demi m a s semi l o a d i n g,emi s u c hemi a semi o c c u r semi a temi V e n u semi ( d u r i n gemi s o l a remi m a x i m u m ),emi i semi a l s oemi t h eemi fu n da m e n t a lemi p r o c e s semi inemi t h eemi i n t e r a c t i o nemi o femi t h eemi s o l a remi w i n demi w i t hemi c o m e t s ;emi th i semi i n t e r a c t i o nemi i semi t h eemi s u b j e c temi o femi t w oemi m o d e l i n gemi s t u d i e semi p r e s e n t e demi i nemi t h i semi v o l u m e.emi K a ri ma b a d iemi e temi a 1.emi u s eemi aemi h y b r i demi c o d eemi t oemis i m u l a t eemi t h eemi i n s ta b i l i t i e semi a s s o c i a t e demi o c c uem n gemi i nemi t h eemi s o l a remi w i n d / c o m aemi i n t e r a c t i o nemi an demi o ff e remi aemi t h e o r e t i c a lemi e xei l a n a t i o nemi f o remi t h eemi p a r t i c l eemi s c a t t e r i n gemi a n demi v e l o c i t yemi d i fei s i o nemi o b s e r v e demi i nemi t h eemi s i m u l a t i o n.emi G o m b o s iemi an demi P o w e l lemi d e s c r i b eemi aemi n e wemi n u m e r i c a lemi m o d e lemi u s e demi t oemi i n v e s t i g a t eemi c e r ta i nemi g l o b a lemi a s p ec t semi o femi t h eemi m a s semi l o a d i n gemi o femi t h eemi s o l a remi w i n demi b yemi w a t e remi g r o u pemi i o n semi f r o memi t h eemi c o m aemi o femi aemi H a l l e y - t y p eemi c o m e t.emi T h o u g hemi s t i l lemiu n d e remi d e v e l o p m e n t,emi t h i semi m o d e lemi a p p e a r semi t oemi o v e r c o m eemi s o m eemi o femi t h eemi l i mi ta t i o n semi o femi e a r l i e remi g l o b a lemi m o d e l semi o femi t h eemi s o l a remi w iep d / c o m e temi i n t e r a c t i o nemi ( e. g.,emi l o wemi r e s o l u t i o n,emi i n a b i l i t yemi t oemi e n c o m p a s semi t h eemi e n t i r eemi c o m e ta r yemi a t m o s p h e r e ).emi M i s s i o n s a n d S t r a t eg i es. R e s o l v i n gemi s p a c e - t i m eemi a m b i g u i t i e semi a n demi u n d e r s t a n d i n gemi t h eemi i n t eeu l a t e d n e s semi o femi l o c a lemi a n demi g l o b a lemi p l a s m aemi p h e n o m e n aemi r e q u i r eemi a p p r o p r i a t eemi m e a s u r e m e n temi s t r a t e g i e semi a n demi e x p e r i m e n t a lemi t e c h n i q u e s.emi T h e s eemi a r eemi t h eemi s u b j ec temi o femi t h eemi t h i r demi s e c t i o nemi o femi t h i semi v o l u m e,emi w h i c hemi b e g i n semi w i themi anemi o v e r v i e wemi b yemi L u n d i nemi e temi a 1.emi o femi t h eemi j o i n temi S w e d i s h G e rman F r e j aemi m i s s i o n.emi T h eemi g o a l semi o femi t h eemi F r e j aemi m i s s i o nemi a r eemi t oemi e x p l o r eemi th eemi l o w e remi p o r t i o nemi o femi t h eemi a u r o r a lemi a c c e l e r a t i o nemi r e g i o nemi an demi t oemii n v e s t i g a t eemi e n e r g iefi t i o nemi p r o c e s s e semi r e s p o n s i b l eemi f o remi th eemi o u t fl o wemi o femi i o n o s p h e r i cemi p l a s m aemi i n t oemi t h eemi m a g n e t o s p h e r e.emi Wh i l eemi s t i l lemi o n l yemi aemi s i n g l e - p o i n temi m e a s u r e m e n temi p l a t f o r m,emi t h eemi F r e j aemi s p a c ec r a ftemi c a r r i e semi i m p r o V e demi i n s t r u m e n t a t i o nemi ( c o m p a r e demi w i t hemi t h a temi c a r r i e demi b yemi e a r l i e remi s p a c e c r a ftemi i nemis i m i l a remi o r b i t s )emi t h a temima k e semi p o s s i b l eemi p l a s m aemi m e a s u r e m e n t semi w i t hemi t h eemi h i g hemi s p a t i a lemi a n demi t e m p o r a lemi r e s o l u t i o nemi n e e d e demi t oemi r e s o l v e,emi f o remi e x a m p l e,emi t h eemi fi n eemi s t r u c t u r eemi o femi a u r o r a lemi a r c s.emi T oemi d e v e l o pemi aemi t r u l yemi c o m p r e h e n s i v eemi p i c t u r eemi o femi m a g n e t o s p h e r i cemi ( o remi s o l a remi s y s t e m )emi p l a s m aemi p r o c e s s e semi a n demi r e g i o n semi an demi th e i remi i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s,emi i temi i semi n e c e s s a r yemi t oemi c o m p l e m e n temi s i n g l e - an demi m u l t i p o i n temi i nemi s i t uemi m e a s u r e m e n t semi w i t hemi g l o b a lemi i ma g i n g.emi Th eemi u s eemi o femi g l o b a lemi i ma g i neremi i nemi m a g n e t o s p h e r i cemi in v e s t i g a t i o n semi i semit h eemi s u b j e c temi o femi t h eemi p a p e r semi b yemi G a l l a g h e remi a n demi b yemi F u n s t e nemi e temi a 1.emi G a l l a g h e remi o u t l i n e semi t h eemi I n n e remi M a g n e t o s p h e r i cemi I m a g e remi ( I M I )emi m i s s i o n,emi w h i c hemi w o u l demi p l a c eemi i n t oemi anemi e l l i p t i c a lemip o l a remi o r b i temi aemi s p a c e c r a ftemi e q u i p p edemi w i t hemi aemi s u i t eemi o femi i m a g e r semi ( e n e r g e t i cemi n e u t r a lemi a t o m,emi f a remi a n demi e x t r e m eemi U V, a n demi X - r a y ).emi I M Iemi w o u l demi i m a g eemi t h eemi r i n gemi c u r r e n t,emi p l a s m a s p h e r e,emi i n n e remi p l a s m aemi s h e e t,emi a u r o r a,emi a n demi g eo c o r o n a,emi o f f e ri n gemi m a c r o s c o p i cemi v i e w semi o femi t h e s eemi r e g i o n semi a n demi t h e i remi r e l a t i o n s h i pemi t oemi o n eemi a n o t h e r.emi T h eemi p a p e remi b yemi F u n s t e nemi e temia 1.emid i s c u s s e semi t h eemi p o t e n t i a lemi o f f e r e demi b yemi o n eemi i m a g i n gemi t ec h n i q u e,emi l o w - e n e r g yemi n e u t r a lemi a t o memi ( L E N A )emi d e t e c t i o n,emi f o remi s t u d y i n gemi t h eemi d y n a m i c a lemi b e h a v i o remi o femi t h eemi p l a s m aemi s h e e temi d u r i n gemi q u i e temi a n demi s t o r memi t i m e s.emi T e s t semi o femi aemi p r o t o t y p eemi L E N Aemi i m a g e remi h a v eemi p r o d u c e demi e n c o u r a g i n gemi r e s u l t s.emi I nemi t h eemi eo m a lemi p a p e remi i nemi t h i semi s e c t i o n,emi L i nemi e temi a 1.emid e s c r i b eemi t h eemi H i g hemi E n e r g yemi S o l a remi P h y s i c semi ( H E S P )emi mi s s i o n,emi aemi m u l t i p l e s p a c e c r a ftemi m i s s i o nemi d e s i g n e demi t oemi i n v e s t i g a t eemi p r o c e s s e semi in v o l v e demi i nemi t h eemi e n e r g yemi r e l e a s eemi a n demi p a r t i c l eemi a c c e l e r a t i o nemi i nemi s o l a remi fl a r e s.emi T h eemi p ri m a ryemi H E S Pemi i n s t ru m e n temi i semiaemi h i g h e n e r g yemi i m a g i n gemi s p e c t r o m e t e remi t h a temi e- i l lemi p r o v i d eemi h i g h - r e s o l u t i o nemi s p e c t r o m e t r i cemi i m a g e semi o femi e n e r g e t i cemi fl a r eemi p h o t o n semi o v e remi a nemi e n e r g yemi r a n g eemi f r o memi s o ftemi x - r a y semi t oemi g a mma r a y s.emi T h i semi i n s t r u m e n t,emi a l o n gemi w i t hemi c o n t e x temi i n s t r u m e n t s,emi c a nemi b eemi c a r r i e demi o nemi L i g h t s a t semi p l a c e demi i n t oemi e qew t o r i a lemi o r b i temi b yemi P e g a s u semi l a u n c hemi v e h i c l e s.emi S a t e l l i t eemi o b s e r v a t i o n semi w i l lemi b eemi c o m p l e m e n t e demi b yemi g r o u n d - b a s e demi o b s een v a t i o n s.emi T h i semi v o l u m eemi w a semi i n s p i r e demi a n demi m o t i v a t e demi b yemi t h eemi s t i m u l a t in gemi p r e s e n t a t i o n semi an demi d i s c u s s i o n semi a temi t h eemi Y o s e mi t eemi C o n f e r e n c e,emi w h i c hemi w a semi s p o n s o r e demi b yemi S o u t h w e s temi R e s e a r c hemi In s t i t u t e,emi t h eemi N a t i o n a lemi A e r o n a u t i c semi an demi S p a c eemi A d mi n i s t r a t i o n,emi an demi t h eemi N a t i o n a lemi S c i e n c eemi F o u n d a t i o nemi a n demi h e l demi i nemi Y o s e mi t eemi N a t i o n a lemi P a r k,emi C a l i f o rn i a,emi i nemi e a r l yemi F e b ru a ryemi T h eemi f o u r - d a yemi c o n f e r e n c eemi b r o u g h temi t o g e t h e remi o v e remi 7 5 ee e p r e s e n t a t i v e semi o femi t h eemi v a r i o u semi S U b d i s c i p l i n e semi w i t h i nemi s p a c eemi p l a s maemi p h y s i c semi t oemi d i s c u s semi i nemi a nemi i n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r yemi s e t t i n gemi p r o b l e meanemi r e l a t e demi t oemi th eemi in v eei t i g a t i o nemi o femi t h eemi s p a t i a lemi a n demi t e m p o r a lemi s t r u c t u r eemi o femi s p a c eemi p l a s ma semi i nemit h eemi m a g n e t oemi s p h e r e semi an d i o n o s p h e r e semi o femi t h eemi E a r t hemi an demi o t h e remi p l a n e t s,emi t h eemi i n t e rp l a n e ta r yemi m e d i u m,emi a n demi t h eemi s o l a remi a t m o s p h e r e.emi J.emiL.emi B u r c hemi J.emi H.emi W a i t e,emi W.emi J r.emi S.emi L e w i semi S o u t h w e s temi R e s e a r c hemi I n s t i tu t eemi S a nemi An t o n i o,emi T e x a semi

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