Measurements of Plasma Turbulence in Tokamaks
|
|
- Arron Williams
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Measurements of Plasma Turbulence in Tokamaks Anne White Nuclear Science & Engineering Department MIT Symposium on Laboratory Astrophysics at the CfA Friday, April 26, 2013 With thanks to many people at MIT-PSFC & Alcator C-Mod 4/25/13 1
2 Turbulence in Fluids widely studied, relevant for many systems of interest 4/25/13 2
3 Turbulent flow in plasmas can play key role in many space and astrophysical processes Physics of accretion disks around black holes Physics of Solar Wind Origin of planetary, stellar and cosmic magnetic fields Kinetic Plasma Turbulence Acceleration and propagation of high energy cosmic rays 4/25/13 Alexander Tchekhovskoy 3
4 Magnetic Confinement in Tokamak relies on helical magnetic field (toroidal plus poloidal) Tokamak MagneJc field lines are helical and lie on closed, nested surfaces flux surfaces, Ψ = const. VerJcal B dris averages to zero as parjcle follows helical field Poloidal field from current in the plasma itself. Axisymmetric good confinement 4/26/13 4
5 Measurements Reveal Turbulence in Tokamaks: 1% level, small spatial scale compared to device BES diagnostic measurement locations in tokamak Measurements of density fluctuations Size of Tokamak L ~ 1 m ρ ~ 1 mm Eddy size ~ cm 4/26/13 5
6 Next step for fusion energy research is ITER ITER is an internationally funded experimental tokamak planned to deliver ten times the power it consumes by achieving a burning plasma state. ITER ITER Person for scale Why must ITER be so large? 4/25/13 6
7 Because of turbulence, the next step for international fusion progress is ITER: beat turbulence with size 2 Confinement time scales strongly with size, L! 4/25/13 7
8 Turbulence in Astrophysical Plasmas and Tokamaks can be described by gyrokinetic theory GyrokineJcs is kinejc theory averaged over the fast gyro- mojon (Larmor mojon). Rutherford & Frieman 1968; Taylor & HasJe 1968; Frieman & Chen 1982; Howes et al Low- frequency limit eliminates fast cyclotron Jmescale ω Ω i Anisotropic k k Captures: Finite Larmor radius, Landau resonance, and Collisions Excludes: Fast wave and cyclotron resonance SimulaJons: 5- D DistribuJon FuncJon, mulj- species species, fully electromagnejc, realisjc mass rajo Ion to Electron scale simulajons require millions of CPU hours But can predict transport! 8
9 Tractable nonlinear GK simulations describe the nonlinear saturated state of two important instabilities ITG Ion Temperature Gradient TEM Trapped Electron Mode Long wavelength (kρ < 1.0) Long wavelength (kρ < 1.0) Driven by T i gradient Driven by both n e and T e gradients, and trapped particle resonance Unaffected by collisions Damped by flow shear Drives strong potential, density, and ion temperature fluctuations: Associated with ION HEAT FLUX Propagates in ion diamagnetic flow direction in plasma frame of reference Damped by collisions Damped by flow shear Drives strong potential, density, and electron temperature fluctuations: Associated with ELECTRON HEAT FLUX Propagates in electron diamagnetic flow direction in plasma frame of reference Can co-exist with TEM Can co-exist with ITG 4/25/13 9
10 Can we identify ITG vs TEM turbulence and relate this to a change in energy confinement? Measure density, temperature profiles (so we know about gradient drive for turbulence) Measure rotation profiles (so we know about flow suppression; may or may not be important) Measure turbulence (density and electron temperature fluctuations) Use gyrokinetic theory to predict whether ITG or TEM turbulence is present Assess whether changes in changes in measured turbulence are consistent with ITG/TEM 4/25/13 10
11 Highlight two (of many) tokamak plasma diagnostics used for turbulent transport studies x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer (XICS) Measures radial profiles of Ion temperature and Plasma Flow Correlation Radiometry of Electron Cyclotron Emission (CECE) CECE measures local turbulent fluctuations of electron temperature 4/25/13 11
12 Ion Temperature and Rotation profiles from X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer x-ray line emission from partially ionized, high Z, impurities in fusion plasmas Line broadening effects used to measure ion temperature Doppler effect (line shift) used to find flow velocities Problem with measurements has been lack of spatial resolution line integrated measurements only Recently developed x-ray imaging crystal spectrometers use tomographic techniques to find local flow temperatures and velocities [Bell, RSI 1997, Condrea POP 2000, Reinke RSI 2012] View to plasma through port Three He-like Detectors One H-like Detector He-like Crystal H-like Crystal Sample image from one He-like detector Imaging x-ray spectrometer at MIT tokamak tuned to He-like and H-like argon, T e < 5 kev) Spatially resolving spherically bent crystal detectors 12
13 Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECE) in tokamaks: measure T e with radiometers Emission layer ECE is mm-wave radiation at electron cyclotron frequencies measure ECE to get T e profile measurement in optically thick tokamak plasma Measure ECE at black body intensity, directly related to temperature; Localization provided by known variation in magnetic field 4/25/13 13
14 ECE radiometers have excellent temporal and spatial resolution; but focusing optics needed to measure turbulence Temporal resolution is determined by bandwidth of video amplifier τ int =1/(2B vid ) ~ µsec Radial resolution determined by combination of ECE physics (line broadening) and IF filter bandwidth, B if r ~ 1 cm Poloidal resolution determined by focusing optics of the antenna system; Gaussian beam waist, w 1/e, z ~ 1 cm Plasma cross section Spatial resolution allows for study of ITG/TEM scale fluctuations in plasma 14
15 Correlation ECE is needed to measure broadband low amplitude electron temperature fluctuations Single ECE radiometer channel sensitivity limited by the thermal noise level given by radiometer equation T ~ /T 2B vid B if ~ B if ~ 100 MHz, B vid ~ 1.0 MHz : sensitivity T e /T e > 15 % Standard cross-correlation techniques are used to improve sensitivity to turbulent fluctuations T ~ /T 1 N s 2B vid B if Long time averaging, large N s ~ Sensitivity improves T e /T e > 0.4% Correlation ECE has been used on tokamaks and stellarators W7-AS (Sattler 1994, Hartfuss 1996, Watts 2004), TEXT (Cima 1995, Deng 1998 ), RTP (Deng 2001), Review article (Watts 2007), DIII-D (White 2008), C-Mod (White 2013) A. E. White 52nd APS- DPP Chicago, IL
16 Case Study: Can we identify ITG vs TEM turbulence and relate this to a change in energy confinement? Increase in density in ohmically heated tokamak plasmas exhibits satura;on of energy confinement above a cri;cal density (purple). When confinement ;me saturates, rota;on profile (plasma is intrinsically rota;ng) changes shape from peaked to hollow. LOC SOC Hypothesis in community TEM turbulence is dominant at low densijes, does not drive significant heat flux. But ITG turbulence becomes dominant when density is increased (due to change in Ti gradient drive term) and increases heat flux, thus saturajng the energy confinement Jme. LOC ITG/TEM transijon can also explain change in intrinsic rotajon according to some theories for momentum generajon and transport by turbulence SOC Measured with XICS 4/25/13 16
17 Across the LOC-SOC transition, there is an increase in ion heat flux, consistent with more ITG drive n e ~ n crit LOC SOC SOC LOC 4/26/13 17
18 Across the LOC-SOC transition, there is little change in density fluctuations At first glance, there is now an inconsistency: Heat flux, Q i, increased! But Turbulence amplitude did not So far no clear evidence that ITG is more active in SOC. n e ~ n crit LOC SOC LOC SOC 4/25/13 18
19 Across the LOC-SOC transition, there is significant decrease in electron temperature fluctuations Resolving inconsistency : Reduction of temperature fluctuations indicates transition from TEM to ITG, consistent with increase in Q i. n e ~ n crit LOC SOC LOC SOC Measured with CECE 4/25/13 19
20 Decrease in Electron Temperature Fluctuations Correlated with transition to ITG dominance* Gyrokinetic calculations for growth rate Measurements of temperature fluctuations ITG SOC ITG SOC TEM LOC TEM LOC * Sung Nuclear Fusion submitted; White Phys. Plasmas 2010 & /25/13 20
21 Appears that hypothesis for ITG-TEM transition linked to LOC-SOC transition may be correct Energy confinement time changes may be explained Changes in electron temperature turbulence (first direct measurements) are consistent with gyrokinetic theory predictions for these plasmas Sung Nuclear Fusion submitted First direct measurements supporting ITG/TEM hypothesis for LOC/SOC confinement time change Standard gyrokinetic theory appears to predict reasonably well changes in energy confinement and turbulence But why does plasma rotate spontaneously? Why change? Intrinsic momentum source and momentum transport NOT UNDERSTOOD Standard gyrokinetic theory is valid for high flow (high mach number), and may not be valid for low flow. Frontier for theory and simulations 4/25/13 21
22 Turbulence in tokamak plasmas causes high levels of transport observed in experiments The transport of heat and particles in tokamak plasmas happens more quickly than expected from classical theory tokamak transport is turbulent Controlling turbulence is necessary to control loss of heat and particles from tokamak plasmas Understanding turbulence requires the use of measurements, theory, and simulations Huge progress made in understanding ITG/TEM model X-ray spectrometers and radiometers play key role Diagnosing turbulence in present-day tokamaks is critical for developing transport models that are used to predict the capabilities of future tokamaks, like ITER 4/25/13 22
23 Where can fusion energy research and astrophysics overlap? Development/advancement of gyrokinetic theory and simulation ASTROGK (Greg Howes, Univ. Iowa) used to simulate kinetic turbulence in solar wind New computational methods/algorithms to allow for more efficient coupled ion and electron scale simulations of turbulence Atomic data bases/spectral survey data Transport of high-z impurities is becoming more important as we progress toward fusion reactor (which must use metal walls and metal plasma facing components) Tungsten, Molybdenum, Beryllium, etc. are all materials to be used in reactor Analysis techniques/hardware Development Imaging techniques; X-ray diagnostics Mm-wave and THZ detectors e.g. many astronomy/astrophysics applications use detectors/ electronics to process emission at f > 300 GHz, but only one tokamak (ITER) will have high enough magnetic field for ECE to be relevant in this range 4/25/13 23
24 Extra Slides 4/25/13 24
25 Great success in confining hot plasmas and generating fusion power in Tokamaks Best performance achieved in tokamak (other leading magnetic configuration is stellarator) Exceeded required temperatures and densities for fusion Record ion temperature of 50 kev on TFTR (Neutral Beam heating) at 6 atm central pressure, with central density 1x10 20 m -3 TFTR produced >10MW of D-T fusion power in the early 90 s (bested by JET (UK) later on with 16MW) Problem is confinement time! Need to increase confinement time 4/25/13 25
26 Progress in explaining suppression of ITG/TEM turbulence: flow shear reduces size of eddies Heuristic picture: Sheared flow breaks up turbulent eddies, smaller eddies means smaller diffusive step size Eddies affected By flow shear Eddy Nonlinear Gyrokinetic Simulations and experiments in basic laboratory devices confirm picture [e.g. Lin 1998, Carter 2012] Shear flow can stabilize/reduce transport associated with gradient driven modes (ITG and TEM) Sheared flow can also be source of free energy/turbulence 4/25/13 26 With flow shear Without flow shear
27 When axisymmetry is perfect, toroidal angular momentum is conserved. Tokamaks have near-perfect axisymmetry In tokamaks, there are nearby fixed structures to which momentum could be transfered (unlike astrophysics!) Momentum can only be transfered by non- axisymmetric fields or by parjcles. We know that somejmes non- axisymmetric B- fields arise that transfer momentum (PerturbaJons, Locked modes, Wall modes). Most of the Jme these are absent. Poloidal RotaJon is rapidly damped by the 1/R magnejc field variajon (not symmetric in poloidal direcjon). So why does tokamak plasma spontaneously (intrinsically) rotate? LOC SOC And why under certain condijons, will rotajon direcjon flip? Hypothesis is change from ITG to TEM turbulence* *K.C.Shaing, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 640. B.Coppi, Nucl. Fusion 42 (2002) 1. A.G.Peeters et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 (2007) O.D.Gurcan et al., Phys. Plasmas 14 (2007) T.S.Hahm et al., Phys. Plasmas 14 (2007) /25/13 27
28 Nonlinear GK simulations use experimentally measured Radial profiles as input. Electron density Ion Temperature Electron Temperature Plasma Rotation Nonlinear Gyrokinetic Simulations run only in limited (grey) radial domain (core plasma) Only simulate ion-scale turbulence (ITG and TEM instabilities) In ITG dominant plasmas ion temperature gradient is key drive term plasma rotation gradient is key suppression term 4/25/13 28
Spontaneous tokamak rotation: observations turbulent momentum transport has to explain
Spontaneous tokamak rotation: observations turbulent momentum transport has to explain Ian H Hutchinson Plasma Science and Fusion Center and Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology
More informationInvestigation of Intrinsic Rotation Dependencies in Alcator C-Mod
Investigation of Intrinsic Rotation Dependencies in Alcator C-Mod D. Kwak, A. E. White, J. E. Rice, N. T. Howard, C. Gao, M. L. Reinke, M. Greenwald, C. Angioni, R. M. McDermott, and the C-Mod and ASDEX
More informationObservation of Reduced Core Electron Temperature Fluctuations and Intermediate Wavenumber Density Fluctuations in H- and QH-mode Plasmas
Observation of Reduced Core Electron Temperature Fluctuations and Intermediate Wavenumber Density Fluctuations in H- and QH-mode Plasmas EX/P5-35 L. Schmitz 1), A.E. White 1), G. Wang 1), J.C. DeBoo 2),
More informationCorrelation Between Plasma Rotation and Electron Temperature Gradient Scale Length in LOC/SOC Transition at Alcator C-Mod
Correlation Between Plasma Rotation and Electron Temperature Gradient Scale Length in LOC/SOC Transition at Alcator C-Mod Saeid Houshmandyar 1 W. L. Rowan, 1 P. E. Phillips, 1 M. J. Greenwald, 2 J. W.
More informationICRF Mode Conversion Flow Drive on Alcator C-Mod and Projections to Other Tokamaks
ICRF Mode Conversion Flow Drive on Alcator C-Mod and Projections to Other Tokamaks Y. Lin, J.E. Rice, S.J. Wukitch, M.J. Greenwald, A.E. Hubbard, A. Ince- Cushman, L. Lin, E.S. Marmar, M. Porkolab, M.L.
More informationReduced Electron Thermal Transport in Low Collisionality H-mode Plasmas in DIII-D and the Importance of Small-scale Turbulence
1 Reduced Electron Thermal Transport in Low Collisionality H-mode Plasmas in DIII-D and the Importance of Small-scale Turbulence L. Schmitz, 1 C. Holland, 2 T.L. Rhodes, 1 G. Wang, 1 L. Zeng, 1 A.E. White,
More informationValidation Study of gyrokinetic simulation (GYRO) near the edge in Alcator C-Mod ohmic discharges
Validation Study of gyrokinetic simulation (GYRO) near the edge in Alcator C-Mod ohmic discharges C. Sung, A. E. White, N. T. Howard, D. Mikkelsen, C. Holland, J. Rice, M. Reinke, C. Gao, P. Ennever, M.
More informationBounce-averaged gyrokinetic simulations of trapped electron turbulence in elongated tokamak plasmas
Bounce-averaged gyrokinetic simulations of trapped electron turbulence in elongated tokamak plasmas Lei Qi a, Jaemin Kwon a, T. S. Hahm a,b and Sumin Yi a a National Fusion Research Institute (NFRI), Daejeon,
More informationSpontaneous Core Toroidal Rotation in Alcator C- Mod L-Mode, H-Mode and ITB Plasmas.
PSFC/JA-8-11 Spontaneous Core Toroidal Rotation in Alcator C- Mod L-Mode, H-Mode and ITB Plasmas. Rice, J.E.; Ince-Cushman, A.C.; Reinke, M.L.; Podpaly, Y.; Greenwald, M.J.; LaBombard, B.S.; Marmar, E.S.
More informationSize Scaling and Nondiffusive Features of Electron Heat Transport in Multi-Scale Turbulence
Size Scaling and Nondiffusive Features of Electron Heat Transport in Multi-Scale Turbulence Z. Lin 1, Y. Xiao 1, W. J. Deng 1, I. Holod 1, C. Kamath, S. Klasky 3, Z. X. Wang 1, and H. S. Zhang 4,1 1 University
More informationC-Mod Transport Program
C-Mod Transport Program PAC 2006 Presented by Martin Greenwald MIT Plasma Science & Fusion Center 1/26/2006 Introduction Programmatic Focus Transport is a broad topic so where do we focus? Where C-Mod
More informationOVERVIEW OF THE ALCATOR C-MOD PROGRAM. IAEA-FEC November, 2004 Alcator Team Presented by Martin Greenwald MIT Plasma Science & Fusion Center
OVERVIEW OF THE ALCATOR C-MOD PROGRAM IAEA-FEC November, 2004 Alcator Team Presented by Martin Greenwald MIT Plasma Science & Fusion Center OUTLINE C-Mod is compact, high field, high density, high power
More informationObservations of Counter-Current Toroidal Rotation in Alcator C-Mod LHCD Plasmas
1 EX/P5-4 Observations of Counter-Current Toroidal Rotation in Alcator C-Mod LHCD Plasmas J.E. Rice 1), A.C. Ince-Cushman 1), P.T. Bonoli 1), M.J. Greenwald 1), J.W. Hughes 1), R.R. Parker 1), M.L. Reinke
More informationReduction of Turbulence and Transport in the Alcator C-Mod Tokamak by Dilution of Deuterium Ions with Nitrogen and Neon Injection
Reduction of Turbulence and Transport in the Alcator C-Mod Tokamak by Dilution of Deuterium Ions with Nitrogen and Neon Injection M. Porkolab, P. C. Ennever, S. G. Baek, E. M. Edlund, J. Hughes, J. E.
More informationNSTX. Investigation of electron gyro-scale fluctuations in the National Spherical Torus Experiment. David Smith. Advisor: Ernesto Mazzucato
NSTX Supported by Investigation of electron gyro-scale fluctuations in the National Spherical Torus Experiment David Smith Advisor: Ernesto Mazzucato Final public oral exam February 26, 2009 Investigation
More informationStudies of Turbulence and Transport in Alcator C- Mod H-Mode Plasmas with Phase Contrast Imaging and Comparisons with GYRO*
Studies of Turbulence and Transport in C- Mod H-Mode Plasmas with Phase Contrast Imaging and Comparisons with GYRO* M. Porkolab 1, L. Lin 1, E.M. Edlund 1, J.C. Rost 1, C.L. Fiore 1, M. Greenwald 1, Y.
More informationTurbulence and Transport The Secrets of Magnetic Confinement
Turbulence and Transport The Secrets of Magnetic Confinement Presented by Martin Greenwald MIT Plasma Science & Fusion Center IAP January 2005 FUSION REACTIONS POWER THE STARS AND PRODUCE THE ELEMENTS
More informationNon-local Heat Transport in Alcator C-Mod Ohmic L-mode Plasmas
Non-local Heat Transport in Alcator C-Mod Ohmic L-mode Plasmas C. Gao 1, J.E.Rice 1, H.J. Sun 2,3, M.L.Reinke 1, N.T.Howard 1, D. Mikkelson 4, A.E.Hubbard 1, M.Chilenski 1, J.R.Walk 1, J.W.Hughes 1, P.Ennever
More information0 Magnetically Confined Plasma
0 Magnetically Confined Plasma 0.1 Particle Motion in Prescribed Fields The equation of motion for species s (= e, i) is written as d v ( s m s dt = q s E + vs B). The motion in a constant magnetic field
More informationObservations of Rotation Reversal and Fluctuation Hysteresis in Alcator C-Mod Plasmas
Observations of Rotation Reversal and Fluctuation Hysteresis in Alcator C-Mod Plasmas N.M. Cao 1, J.E. Rice 1, A.E. White 1, S.G. Baek 1, M.A. Chilenski 1, P.H. Diamond 2, A.E. Hubbard 1, J.W. Hughes 1,
More informationTURBULENT TRANSPORT THEORY
ASDEX Upgrade Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik TURBULENT TRANSPORT THEORY C. Angioni GYRO, J. Candy and R.E. Waltz, GA The problem of Transport Transport is the physics subject which studies the physical
More informationObservation of Co- and Counter Rotation Produced by Lower Hybrid Waves in Alcator C-Mod*
Observation of Co- and Counter Rotation Produced by Lower Hybrid Waves in Alcator C-Mod* R. R. Parker, Y. Podpaly, J. Lee, M. L. Reinke, J. E. Rice, P.T. Bonoli, O. Meneghini, S. Shiraiwa, G. M. Wallace,
More informationMulti-scale turbulence, electron transport, and Zonal Flows in DIII-D
Multi-scale turbulence, electron transport, and Zonal Flows in DIII-D L. Schmitz1 with C. Holland2, T.L. Rhodes1, G. Wang1, J.C. Hillesheim1, A.E. White3, W. A. Peebles1, J. DeBoo4, G.R. McKee5, J. DeGrassie4,
More informationPlasma Science and Fusion Center
Plasma Science and Fusion Center Turbulence and transport studies in ALCATOR C Mod using Phase Contrast Imaging (PCI) Diagnos@cs and Comparison with TRANSP and Nonlinear Global GYRO Miklos Porkolab (in
More informationValidating Simulations of Multi-Scale Plasma Turbulence in ITER-Relevant, Alcator C-Mod Plasmas
Validating Simulations of Multi-Scale Plasma Turbulence in ITER-Relevant, Alcator C-Mod Plasmas Nathan Howard 1 with C. Holland 2, A.E. White 1, M. Greenwald 1, J. Candy 3, P. Rodriguez- Fernandez 1, and
More informationGyrokine.c Analysis of the Linear Ohmic Confinement Regime in Alcator C- Mod *
Gyrokine.c Analysis of the Linear Ohmic Confinement Regime in Alcator C- Mod * Miklos Porkolab in collabora.on with J. Dorris, P. Ennever, D. Ernst, C. Fiore, M. Greenwald, A. Hubbard, E. Marmar, Y. Ma,
More informationGyrokinetic Transport Driven by Energetic Particle Modes
Gyrokinetic Transport Driven by Energetic Particle Modes by Eric Bass (General Atomics) Collaborators: Ron Waltz, Ming Chu GSEP Workshop General Atomics August 10, 2009 Outline I. Background Alfvén (TAE/EPM)
More informationITB Transport Studies in Alcator C-Mod. Catherine Fiore MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center Transport Task Force March 26th Boulder, Co
Transport Studies in Alcator C-Mod Catherine Fiore MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center Transport Task Force March 26th Boulder, Co With Contributions from: I. Bespamyatnov, P. T. Bonoli*, D. Ernst*, M.
More informationTheory Work in Support of C-Mod
Theory Work in Support of C-Mod 2/23/04 C-Mod PAC Presentation Peter J. Catto for the PSFC theory group MC & LH studies ITB investigations Neutrals & rotation BOUT improvements TORIC ICRF Mode Conversion
More informationLower Hybrid Current Drive Experiments on Alcator C-Mod: Comparison with Theory and Simulation
Lower Hybrid Current Drive Experiments on Alcator C-Mod: Comparison with Theory and Simulation P.T. Bonoli, A. E. Hubbard, J. Ko, R. Parker, A.E. Schmidt, G. Wallace, J. C. Wright, and the Alcator C-Mod
More informationOn the physics of shear flows in 3D geometry
On the physics of shear flows in 3D geometry C. Hidalgo and M.A. Pedrosa Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, EURATOM-CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain Recent experiments have shown the importance of multi-scale (long-range)
More informationDependence of non-local effects on plasma parameters during cold-pulse experiments in Alcator C-Mod
Dependence of non-local effects on plasma parameters during cold-pulse experiments in Alcator C-Mod P. Rodriguez-Fernandez 1, N.M. Cao 1, A. Creely 1, M. Greenwald 1, S. Houshmandyar 2, N.T. Howard 1,
More informationICRF Induced Argon Pumpout in H-D Plasmas in Alcator C-Mod
ICRF Induced Argon Pumpout in H-D Plasmas in Alcator C-Mod C. Gao, J.E. Rice, M.L. Reinke, Y. Lin, S.J. Wukitch, L. Delgado-Aparicio, E.S. Marmar, and Alcator C-Mod Team MIT-PSFC, University of York, Princeton
More informationOverview of Tokamak Rotation and Momentum Transport Phenomenology and Motivations
Overview of Tokamak Rotation and Momentum Transport Phenomenology and Motivations Lecture by: P.H. Diamond Notes by: C.J. Lee March 19, 2014 Abstract Toroidal rotation is a key part of the design of ITER
More informationW.A. HOULBERG Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, TN USA. M.C. ZARNSTORFF Princeton Plasma Plasma Physics Lab., Princeton, NJ USA
INTRINSICALLY STEADY STATE TOKAMAKS K.C. SHAING, A.Y. AYDEMIR, R.D. HAZELTINE Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78712 USA W.A. HOULBERG Oak Ridge National Lab.,
More informationLight Impurity Transport Studies in Alcator C-Mod*
Light Impurity Transport Studies in Alcator C-Mod* I. O. Bespamyatnov, 1 W. L. Rowan, 1 C. L. Fiore, 2 K. W. Gentle, 1 R. S. Granet, 2 and P. E. Phillips 1 1 Fusion Research Center, The University of Texas
More informationFormation and Long Term Evolution of an Externally Driven Magnetic Island in Rotating Plasmas )
Formation and Long Term Evolution of an Externally Driven Magnetic Island in Rotating Plasmas ) Yasutomo ISHII and Andrei SMOLYAKOV 1) Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki 311-0102, Japan 1) University
More informationC-Mod Core Transport Program. Presented by Martin Greenwald C-Mod PAC Feb. 6-8, 2008 MIT Plasma Science & Fusion Center
C-Mod Core Transport Program Presented by Martin Greenwald C-Mod PAC Feb. 6-8, 2008 MIT Plasma Science & Fusion Center Practical Motivations for Transport Research Overall plasma behavior must be robustly
More informationDirect drive by cyclotron heating can explain spontaneous rotation in tokamaks
Direct drive by cyclotron heating can explain spontaneous rotation in tokamaks J. W. Van Dam and L.-J. Zheng Institute for Fusion Studies University of Texas at Austin 12th US-EU Transport Task Force Annual
More informationOn the ρ Scaling of Intrinsic Rotation in C-Mod Plasmas with Edge Transport Barriers
On the ρ Scaling of Intrinsic Rotation in C-Mod Plasmas with Edge Transport Barriers J.E. Rice, J.W. Hughes, P.H. Diamond, N. Cao, M.A. Chilenski, A.E. Hubbard, J.H. Irby, Y. Kosuga Y. Lin, I.W. Metcalf,
More informationECH Density Pumpout and Small Scale Turbulence in DIII-D
ECH Density Pumpout and Small Scale Turbulence in DIII-D By K.L. Wong, T.L. Rhodes, R. Prater, R. Jayakumar, R. Budny, C.C. Petty, R. Nazikian, and W.A. Peebles Background It has been known for more than
More informationCharacterization of neo-classical tearing modes in high-performance I- mode plasmas with ICRF mode conversion flow drive on Alcator C-Mod
1 EX/P4-22 Characterization of neo-classical tearing modes in high-performance I- mode plasmas with ICRF mode conversion flow drive on Alcator C-Mod Y. Lin, R.S. Granetz, A.E. Hubbard, M.L. Reinke, J.E.
More informationValidation of Theoretical Models of Intrinsic Torque in DIII-D and Projection to ITER by Dimensionless Scaling
Validation of Theoretical Models of Intrinsic Torque in DIII-D and Projection to ITER by Dimensionless Scaling by B.A. Grierson1, C. Chrystal2, W.X. Wang1, J.A. Boedo3, J.S. degrassie2, W.M. Solomon2,
More informationGyrokinetics an efficient framework for studying turbulence and reconnection in magnetized plasmas
Frank Jenko Gyrokinetics an efficient framework for studying turbulence and reconnection in magnetized plasmas Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Garching Workshop on Vlasov-Maxwell Kinetics WPI, Vienna,
More informationPRATER, G.M. STAEBLER, R.E. WALTZ, M.A. MAKOWSKI,
GA A26094 A CORRELATION ELECTRON CYCLOTRON EMISSION DIAGNOSTIC AND THE IMPORTANCE OF MULTI-FIELD FLUCTUATION MEASUREMENTS FOR TESTING NONLINEAR GYROKINETIC TURBULENCE SIMULATIONS by A.E. WHITE, L. SCHMITZ,
More informationGTC Simulation of Turbulence and Transport in Tokamak Plasmas
GTC Simulation of Turbulence and Transport in Tokamak Plasmas Z. Lin University it of California, i Irvine, CA 92697, USA and GPS-TTBP Team Supported by SciDAC GPS-TTBP, GSEP & CPES Motivation First-principles
More informationIntroduction to Fusion Physics
Introduction to Fusion Physics Hartmut Zohm Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik 85748 Garching DPG Advanced Physics School The Physics of ITER Bad Honnef, 22.09.2014 Energy from nuclear fusion Reduction
More informationDIAGNOSTICS FOR ADVANCED TOKAMAK RESEARCH
DIAGNOSTICS FOR ADVANCED TOKAMAK RESEARCH by K.H. Burrell Presented at High Temperature Plasma Diagnostics 2 Conference Tucson, Arizona June 19 22, 2 134 /KHB/wj ROLE OF DIAGNOSTICS IN ADVANCED TOKAMAK
More informationComparison of Ion Internal Transport Barrier Formation between Hydrogen and Helium Dominated Plasmas )
Comparison of Ion Internal Transport Barrier Formation between Hydrogen and Helium Dominated Plasmas ) Kenichi NAGAOKA 1,2), Hiromi TAKAHASHI 1,2), Kenji TANAKA 1), Masaki OSAKABE 1,2), Sadayoshi MURAKAMI
More informationMeasurements of Core Electron Temperature Fluctuations in DIII-D with Comparisons to Density Fluctuations and Nonlinear GYRO Simulations
Measurements of Core Electron Temperature Fluctuations in DIII-D with Comparisons to Density Fluctuations and Nonlinear GYRO Simulations A.E. White,a) L. Schmitz,a) G.R. McKee,b) C. Holland,c) W.A. Peebles,a)
More informationStudy of B +1, B +4 and B +5 impurity poloidal rotation in Alcator C-Mod plasmas for 0.75 ρ 1.0.
Study of B +1, B +4 and B +5 impurity poloidal rotation in Alcator C-Mod plasmas for 0.75 ρ 1.0. Igor Bespamyatnov, William Rowan, Ronald Bravenec, and Kenneth Gentle The University of Texas at Austin,
More informationTRANSPORT PROGRAM C-MOD 5 YEAR REVIEW MAY, 2003 PRESENTED BY MARTIN GREENWALD MIT PLASMA SCIENCE & FUSION CENTER
TRANSPORT PROGRAM C-Mod C-MOD 5 YEAR REVIEW MAY, 2003 PRESENTED BY MARTIN GREENWALD MIT PLASMA SCIENCE & FUSION CENTER C-MOD - OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES Prediction and control are the ultimate goals
More informationThe Plasma Phase. Chapter 1. An experiment - measure and understand transport processes in a plasma. Chapter 2. An introduction to plasma physics
The Plasma Phase Chapter 1. An experiment - measure and understand transport processes in a plasma Three important vugraphs What we have just talked about The diagnostics Chapter 2. An introduction to
More informationStudies of Lower Hybrid Range of Frequencies Actuators in the ARC Device
Studies of Lower Hybrid Range of Frequencies Actuators in the ARC Device P. T. Bonoli, Y. Lin. S. Shiraiwa, G. M. Wallace, J. C. Wright, and S. J. Wukitch MIT PSFC, Cambridge, MA 02139 59th Annual Meeting
More informationPlasma Radiation. Ø Free electrons Blackbody emission Bremsstrahlung
Plasma Radiation Ø Free electrons Blackbody emission Bremsstrahlung Ø Bound electrons (Z>2) Unresolved, multi-line emission Resolved line emission -- Single Z +n Objective Infer a thermodynamic quantity
More informationGA A26866 REDUCED ELECTRON THERMAL TRANSPORT IN LOW COLLISIONALITY H-MODE PLASMAS IN DIII-D AND THE IMPORTANCE OF SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE
GA A26866 REDUCED ELECTRON THERMAL TRANSPORT IN LOW COLLISIONALITY H-MODE PLASMAS IN DIII-D AND THE IMPORTANCE OF SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE by L. SCHMITZ, C. HOLLAND, T.L. RHODES, G. WANG, L. ZENG, A.E. WHITE,
More informationConfinement of toroidal non-neutral plasma in Proto-RT
Workshop on Physics with Ultra Slow Antiproton Beams, RIKEN, March 15, 2005 Confinement of toroidal non-neutral plasma in Proto-RT H. Saitoh, Z. Yoshida, and S. Watanabe Graduate School of Frontier Sciences,
More informationINTERACTION OF DRIFT WAVE TURBULENCE AND MAGNETIC ISLANDS
INTERACTION OF DRIFT WAVE TURBULENCE AND MAGNETIC ISLANDS A. Ishizawa and N. Nakajima National Institute for Fusion Science F. L. Waelbroeck, R. Fitzpatrick, W. Horton Institute for Fusion Studies, University
More informationEnhanced Energy Confinement Discharges with L-mode-like Edge Particle Transport*
Enhanced Energy Confinement Discharges with L-mode-like Edge Particle Transport* E. Marmar, B. Lipschultz, A. Dominguez, M. Greenwald, N. Howard, A. Hubbard, J. Hughes, B. LaBombard, R. McDermott, M. Reinke,
More informationConfinement of toroidal non-neutral plasma in Proto-RT
Workshop on Physics with Ultra Slow Antiproton Beams, RIKEN, March 15, 2005 Confinement of toroidal non-neutral plasma in Proto-RT H. Saitoh, Z. Yoshida, and S. Watanabe Graduate School of Frontier Sciences,
More informationNon-local Heat Transport, Core Rotation Reversals and Energy Confinement Saturation in Alcator C-Mod Ohmic L-mode Plasmas
1 EX/2-2 Non-local Heat Transport, Core Rotation Reversals and Energy Confinement Saturation in Alcator C-Mod Ohmic L-mode Plasmas J.E. Rice 1, M.L. Reinke 1, H.J. Sun 2, P.H. Diamond 3,4, C. Gao 1, N.T.
More informationObservation of Neo-Classical Ion Pinch in the Electric Tokamak*
1 EX/P6-29 Observation of Neo-Classical Ion Pinch in the Electric Tokamak* R. J. Taylor, T. A. Carter, J.-L. Gauvreau, P.-A. Gourdain, A. Grossman, D. J. LaFonteese, D. C. Pace, L. W. Schmitz, A. E. White,
More informationLow-collisionality density-peaking in GYRO simulations of C-Mod plasmas
Low-collisionality density-peaking in GYRO simulations of C-Mod plasmas D. R. Mikkelsen, M. Bitter, K. Hill, PPPL M. Greenwald, J.W. Hughes, J. Rice, MIT J. Candy, R. Waltz, General Atomics APS Division
More informationTriggering Mechanisms for Transport Barriers
Triggering Mechanisms for Transport Barriers O. Dumbrajs, J. Heikkinen 1, S. Karttunen 1, T. Kiviniemi, T. Kurki-Suonio, M. Mantsinen, K. Rantamäki 1, S. Saarelma, R. Salomaa, S. Sipilä, T. Tala 1 Euratom-TEKES
More informationOhmic and RF Heated ITBs in Alcator C-Mod
Ohmic and RF Heated s in Alcator C-Mod William L. Rowan, Igor O. Bespamyatnov Fusion Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin C.L. Fiore, A. Dominguez, A.E. Hubbard, A. Ince-Cushman, M.J. Greenwald,
More informationControl of Neo-classical tearing mode (NTM) in advanced scenarios
FIRST CHENGDU THEORY FESTIVAL Control of Neo-classical tearing mode (NTM) in advanced scenarios Zheng-Xiong Wang Dalian University of Technology (DLUT) Dalian, China Chengdu, China, 28 Aug, 2018 Outline
More informationUCIrvine. Gyrokinetic Studies of Turbulence Spreading IAEA-CN-116/TH1-4
AEA-CN-116/TH1-4 Gyrokinetic Studies of Turbulence Spreading T.S. Hahm, Z. Lin, a P.H. Diamond, b G. Rewoldt, W.X. Wang, S. Ethier, O. Gurcan, b W. Lee, and W.M. Tang Princeton University, Plasma Physics
More informationOverview of Gyrokinetic Theory & Properties of ITG/TEM Instabilities
Overview of Gyrokinetic Theory & Properties of ITG/TEM Instabilities G. W. Hammett Princeton Plasma Physics Lab (PPPL) http://w3.pppl.gov/~hammett AST559: Plasma & Fluid Turbulence Dec. 5, 2011 (based
More informationFormation of High-b ECH Plasma and Inward Particle Diffusion in RT-1
J Fusion Energ (2010) 29:553 557 DOI 10.1007/s10894-010-9327-6 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Formation of High-b ECH Plasma and Inward Particle Diffusion in RT-1 H. Saitoh Z. Yoshida J. Morikawa Y. Yano T. Mizushima
More informationExperimental test of the neoclassical theory of poloidal rotation
Experimental test of the neoclassical theory of poloidal rotation Presented by Wayne Solomon with contributions from K.H. Burrell, R. Andre, L.R. Baylor, R. Budny, P. Gohil, R.J. Groebner, C.T. Holcomb,
More informationEFFECT OF PLASMA FLOWS ON TURBULENT TRANSPORT AND MHD STABILITY*
EFFECT OF PLASMA FLOWS ON TURBULENT TRANSPORT AND MHD STABILITY* by K.H. BURRELL Presented at the Transport Task Force Meeting Annapolis, Maryland April 3 6, 22 *Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy
More informationModeling of ELM Dynamics for ITER
Modeling of ELM Dynamics for ITER A.Y. PANKIN 1, G. BATEMAN 1, D.P. BRENNAN 2, A.H. KRITZ 1, S. KRUGER 3, P.B. SNYDER 4 and the NIMROD team 1 Lehigh University, 16 Memorial Drive East, Bethlehem, PA 18015
More informationSensitivity of Tokamak Transport Modeling to Atomic Physics Data: Some Examples
Sensitivity of Tokamak Transport Modeling to Atomic Physics Data: Some Examples, S. Baek, J. D. Elder, M. L. Reinke, F. Scotti, J. L. Terry, S. J. Zweben IAEA Technical Meeting on Uncertainty Assessment
More informationReduction of Neoclassical Transport and Observation of a Fast Electron Driven Instability with Quasisymmetry in HSX
1 Reduction of Neoclassical Transport and Observation of a Fast Electron Driven Instability with Quasisymmetry in HSX J.M. Canik 1), D.L. Brower 2), C. Deng 2), D.T. Anderson 1), F.S.B. Anderson 1), A.F.
More informationTransport Improvement Near Low Order Rational q Surfaces in DIII D
Transport Improvement Near Low Order Rational q Surfaces in DIII D M.E. Austin 1 With K.H. Burrell 2, R.E. Waltz 2, K.W. Gentle 1, E.J. Doyle 8, P. Gohil 2, C.M. Greenfield 2, R.J. Groebner 2, W.W. Heidbrink
More informationProgress and Plans on Physics and Validation
Progress and Plans on Physics and Validation T.S. Hahm Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton, New Jersey Momentum Transport Studies: Turbulence and Neoclassical Physics Role of Trapped Electrons
More informationNon-ohmic ignition scenarios in Ignitor
Non-ohmic ignition scenarios in Ignitor Augusta Airoldi IFP, EURATOM-ENEA-CNR Association, Milano, Italy Francesca Bombarda, Giovanna Cenacchi Ignitor Group, ENEA, Italy Bruno Coppi MIT, USA DPP1 APS Meeting
More informationEnergetic Particle Physics in Tokamak Burning Plasmas
Energetic Particle Physics in Tokamak Burning Plasmas presented by C. Z. (Frank) Cheng in collaboration with N. N. Gorelenkov, G. J. Kramer, R. Nazikian, E. Fredrickson, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
More informationICRF Induced Argon Pumpout in H-D Plasmas at Alcator C-Mod
0 ICRF Induced Argon Pumpout in H-D Plasmas at Alcator C-Mod C Gao J.E. Rice, M.L. Reinke, S.J. Wukitch, Y. Lin and Alcator C-Mod Team MIT-PSFC October 29, 2014 C Gao etc., MIT-PSFC 56th APS-DPP New Orleans,
More informationGlobal particle-in-cell simulations of Alfvénic modes
Global particle-in-cell simulations of Alfvénic modes A. Mishchenko, R. Hatzky and A. Könies Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-Association, D-749 Greifswald, Germany Rechenzentrum der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
More informationIntrinsic rotation due to non- Maxwellian equilibria in tokamak plasmas. Jungpyo (J.P.) Lee (Part 1) Michael Barnes (Part 2) Felix I.
Intrinsic rotation due to non- Maxwellian equilibria in tokamak plasmas Jungpyo (J.P.) Lee (Part 1) Michael Barnes (Part 2) Felix I. Parra MIT Plasma Science & Fusion Center. 1 Outlines Introduction to
More informationPSFC/JA D.R. Ernst, N. Basse, W. Dorland 1, C.L. Fiore, L. Lin, A. Long 2, M. Porkolab, K. Zeller, K. Zhurovich. June 2006
PSFC/JA-6-34 Identification of TEM Turbulence through Direct Comparison of Nonlinear Gyrokinetic Simulations with Phase Contrast Imaging Density Fluctuation Measurements D.R. Ernst, N. Basse, W. Dorland
More informationMeasurement of lower hybrid waves using microwave scattering technique in Alcator C-Mod
Measurement of lower hybrid waves using microwave scattering technique in Alcator C-Mod S. Baek, R. Parker, S. Shiraiwa, A. Dominguez, E. Marmar, G. Wallace, G. J. Kramer* Plasma Science and Fusion Center,
More information2017 US/EU Transport Task Force Workshop April 26 th 2017 Williamsburg, VA
Pablo Rodriguez-Fernandez 1, A. E. White 1, N. M. Cao 1, A. J. Creely 1, M. J. Greenwald 1, N. T. Howard 1, A. E. Hubbard 1, J. W. Hughes 1, J. H. Irby 1, C. C. Petty 2, J. E. Rice 1 1 Plasma Science and
More informationINTRODUCTION TO MAGNETIC NUCLEAR FUSION
INTRODUCTION TO MAGNETIC NUCLEAR FUSION S.E. Sharapov Euratom/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3DB, UK With acknowledgments to B.Alper for use of his transparencies
More informationInternational Workshop on the Frontiers of Modern Plasma Physics July On the Nature of Plasma Core Turbulence.
1953-43 International Workshop on the Frontiers of Modern Plasma Physics 14-25 July 2008 On the Nature of Plasma Core Turbulence. F. Jenko Max-Planck Institute fuer Plasmaphysik Garching bei Munchen Germany
More informationSnakes and similar coherent structures in tokamaks
Snakes and similar coherent structures in tokamaks A. Y. Aydemir 1, K. C. Shaing 2, and F. W. Waelbroeck 1 1 Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 2 Plasma and
More informationFlow, turbulence and transport in laboratory plasmas (at least in LAPD and DIII-D)
Flow, turbulence and transport in laboratory plasmas (at least in LAPD and DIII-D) T.A. Carter, D. Schaffner, B. Friedman, J. Hillesheim, W.A. Peebles, G. Rossi, M.V. Umansky 2, D. Guice, S. Vincena, J.E.
More informationTurbulence and flow in the Large Plasma Device
Turbulence and flow in the Large Plasma Device D.A. Schaffner, T.A. Carter, P. Popovich, B. Friedman Dept of Physics, UCLA Gyrokinetics in Laboratory and Astrophysical Plasmas Isaac Newton Institute of
More informationImproved Plasma Confinement by Ion Bernstein Waves (IBWs) Interacting with Ions in JET (Joint European Torus)
Improved Plasma Confinement by Ion Bernstein Waves (IBWs) Interacting with Ions in JET (Joint European Torus) PD/P-01 C. Castaldo 1), R. Cesario 1), Y, Andrew 2), A. Cardinali 1), V. Kiptly 2), M. Mantsinen
More informationAdvances in stellarator gyrokinetics
Advances in stellarator gyrokinetics Per Helander and T. Bird, F. Jenko, R. Kleiber, G.G. Plunk, J.H.E. Proll, J. Riemann, P. Xanthopoulos 1 Background Wendelstein 7-X will start experiments in 2015 optimised
More informationTowards Multiscale Gyrokinetic Simulations of ITER-like Plasmas
Frank Jenko Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Garching Universität Ulm Towards Multiscale Gyrokinetic Simulations of ITER-like Plasmas 23 rd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference 11-16 October 2010, Daejeon,
More informationPoloidal Variation of High-Z Impurity Density in ICRF- Heated Alcator C-Mod Plasmas
Poloidal Variation of High-Z Impurity Density in ICRF- Heated Alcator C-Mod Plasmas M.L. Reinke, I.H. Hutchinson, J.E. Rice, N.T. Howard, A. Bader, S. Wukitch, Y. Lin, D.C. Pace, A. Hubbard, J.W. Hughes
More informationA THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO ENERGY TRANSPORT IN HIGH TEMPERATURE TOKAMAK PLASMAS
A THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO ENERGY TRANSPORT IN HIGH TEMPERATURE TOKAMAK PLASMAS Presented by D.P. SCHISSEL Presented to APS Centennial Meeting March 20 26, 1999 Atlanta, Georgia
More informationAdditional Heating Experiments of FRC Plasma
Additional Heating Experiments of FRC Plasma S. Okada, T. Asai, F. Kodera, K. Kitano, T. Suzuki, K. Yamanaka, T. Kanki, M. Inomoto, S. Yoshimura, M. Okubo, S. Sugimoto, S. Ohi, S. Goto, Plasma Physics
More informationOverview of Alcator C-Mod Research
Overview of C-Mod Research Presented by E.S. Marmar On behalf of the C-Mod Team APS-DPP04 Paper JO3.001 Work Supported by USDoE Office of Fusion Energy Sciences SOL flows impose a toroidal rotation boundary
More informationRotation and Neoclassical Ripple Transport in ITER
Rotation and Neoclassical Ripple Transport in ITER Elizabeth J. Paul 1 Matt Landreman 1 Francesca Poli 2 Don Spong 3 Håkan Smith 4 William Dorland 1 1 University of Maryland 2 Princeton Plasma Physics
More informationExperiments with a Supported Dipole
Experiments with a Supported Dipole Reporting Measurements of the Interchange Instability Excited by Electron Pressure and Centrifugal Force Introduction Ben Levitt and Dmitry Maslovsky Collisionless Terrella
More informationMultiscale, multiphysics modeling of turbulent transport and heating in collisionless, magnetized plasmas
Multiscale, multiphysics modeling of turbulent transport and heating in collisionless, magnetized plasmas Michael Barnes Plasma Science & Fusion Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Collaborators:
More informationFluctuation Suppression during the ECH Induced Potential Formation in the Tandem Mirror GAMMA 10
EXC/P8-2 Fluctuation Suppression during the ECH Induced Potential Formation in the Tandem Mirror GAMMA M. Yoshikawa ), Y. Miyata ), M. Mizuguchi ), Y. Oono ), F. Yaguchi ), M. Ichimura ), T. Imai ), T.
More information