Replicable Model for Controlled Nuclear Reaction using Metal Nanoparticles
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1 Replicable Model for Controlled Nuclear Reaction using Metal Nanoparticles Hideki Yoshino, Eijiro Igari, Tadahiko Mizuno Hydrogen Engineering Application & Development Company
2 Fukushima
3 Effects of Fukushima
4 Cold Fusion Energy Solution Cold Fusion Power Stations
5 1 kw Domestic Home Units Design-Ideas
6 Building a Replicable Model
7 Purposes of this Report 1. Formalize a replicable CF methodology with Ni and D Gas: Derive a formula based on test results only using Ni nanoparticles as metal and D gas, which generated the best results.. Analyze the Gas Composition during the Test: Accurately analyzed the changes of gas composition during the test, which we believe hasn t been reported before.. Find CF Reaction Kinetics: Aim to find the reaction kinetics.
8 Testing with Various Metals and Gas Metal: Ni, Pｄ Gas: H, D, HO, DO 7 Test Results in total (Jan. Dec. 1) No Gas Power in/w Component Pressure Heat Watt Significant Pa W V W DO DO DO DO DO DO DO DO DO DO DO D HO D D D D D D HO HO HO HO HO D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D Time Heat out/w Total ks Estimated by Electrode Estimated by reactor temp. temp Plasma Hout/Hin Estimated by Electrode temp. Estimated by reactor temp
9 Testing with Various Metals and Gas Some Test Results with Ni and H No. Gas 1 4 H H H H Pressure (Pa) 5 Input Electrode Time/ks Watt Temperature Reactor COP (Electrode COP (Reactor Temperature Temperature) Temperature) Produced excess heat; Using Nickel Nano-particles and D gas For over 1 month Excess Heat = 75watt (COP = 1.9) Excess Energy = 18MJ
10 Input Dependence of Heat Generation (All the results; Ni with D, H, HO, DO) Electrode Temperature 15 Excess Heat 出力 出力 Generated Excess Heat Generated Out/In=1 Output Watt Output Watt Estimated by Electrode temp. (Watt) 15 Reactor Temperature Out/In= Heater Watt (Watt) Input Watt Input Watt
11 Set-up & Preparation
12 Reactor with Resistance Heater Resistance heater Electrode Electrode Thermocouple Ni mesh Ni wire Ni wire Window Ni rod Ceramic holder Pressure gauge
13 Key Components Reactive metal Reactant Temperature Pressure : Ni mesh : D Gas : + : 1~ Pa
14 Reactor Lid with Electrode Ni Wire
15 Reactor Core (aka: Dorothy) Gas inlet and Vacuum connect + electrode; Heater wrapped with Ni wire Thermo couple - electrode; Ni mesh Stainless reactor
16 Measuring Data Temperature Gas Pressure Gas Components Radiations; Neutron, γ-ray
17 Measurement Devices Configuration Reactor is shown along with Vacuum system, Gas supply, and the Radiation detectors, etc. PC Data logger Neutron detector Power analyzer Gamma detector Pressure meter Thermocouple HV power Thermocouple Heater power D gas DO Thermocouple Vacuum system Quadrupole mass analyzer
18 Measuring Devices Setup Storage oscilloscope Pressure meter H.V power supply Power analyzer
19 Measuring Devices Setup Radiation Detectors Quadrupole Mass Analyzer
20 Preparation of the Reactant Metal Metal sample Heat in vacuum 1: Cleaning Plasma discharge Repeat 4~5 times 6 Cooling in vacuum 5 Heat in vacuum Complete 4 Heat in reactant gas
21 Activation with Plasma Discharge Video Clip
22 SEM of Ni Mesh BEFORE Activation 1 micron meter x
23 SEM of the Ni Mesh AFTER Activation 1 micron meter x
24 Excess Heat Generation
25 Method for Excess Heat Generation Activation of the Nickel Increase the Heater Temperature in excess of Supply the Reaction Gas into the Reactor (1-Pa)
26 Input Dependence for the Electrode Temperature (Absent Reactant Gas and Metal ) Experimental (Line) Calculation (Dots)
27 Input Dependence for the Reactor Temperature (Absent Reactant Gas and Metal ) 炉温度 表面積.4 cm 放射率. 5 対流伝達率.5 周囲温度 温度/C 5 Experimental (Line) 4 Calculation (Dots) I n p ut /W
28 Example 1: Excess Heat Generation Input power = 8W 8W
29 Example 1: Excess Heat Generation (Electrode Temperature) 8 5 6Pa 8Pa 15Pa Introduction of D Gas Pressure of D
30 Example 1: Excess Heat Generation (Reactor Temperature) Pa 8Pa 15Pa Introduction of D Gas Pressure of D
31 Example : Excess Heat Generation Input Input Watt Input=81W In p ut/w Input1=46W 4 1 D Gas Pressure = NPT 1 4 B DHCal Time/ ks Ele ct rode t e m pe rat ure an d pre s s u re Electrode Temperature and Pressure 4 4 Pdw i r e N P/Pa 1 1 B DHCal Tim e / k s P r essu re/p a T em p era tu re /C 8 85
32 Example : Excess Heat Generation (Electrode Temperature) 8 85 T = 5 T1 = Excess Power = W Excess Power = 4W Input1=46W Input=81W 69W 115W
33 Example : Input-Watts and Output-Watts during D Gas Test Excess Energy = 18MJ In put/w On tput/w Heat/W 15 Excess Power = 78w Days 8 5 4
34 Example from Mizuno
35 Gas Analysis
36 Analyses of the Reaction Gas Purpose: Estimation of the reaction kinetics. Analyses: 1. The raw material gas.. Change of composition during test.. Gas in the reaction metal.
37 Gas Analysis during the Test with DO 1. Vacuum. Introduction of DO Vapor. After the Test Mass for the BG D+ H + HD + He + H + 4 D +, HD +, 4He 5 HD + 6 D + 17 OH + 18 HO +, OD + 19 OHD + OD + 7 CH + 8 CO +, N + 44 CO + Rate.6.4. BDT Mass number: M/e 4 5
38 Gas Analysis during the Test with DO 1. Vacuum. Introduction of DO Vapor. After the Test D+ H + HD + He + H + 4 D +, HD +, 4He 5 HD + 6 D + 17 OH + 18 HO +, OD + 19 OHD + OD + 7 CH + 8 CO +, N + 44 CO + Rate
39 Gas Analysis during the Test with DO 1. Vacuum. Introduction of DO Vapor. After the Test Mass for the gas D+ H + HD + He + H + 4 D +, HD +, 4He 5 HD + 6 D + 17 OH + 18 HO +, OD + 19 OHD + OD + 7 CH + 8 CO +, N + 44 CO + Rate BDC 186DO 1 M/e 4 5
40 Gas Analysis with D (Excess Heat Generated) 1. D gas intro 4 D gas. 5ks after ks after.6 Rate 4. 77ks after D+ H + HD + He + H + 4 D +, HD +, 4He 5 HD + 6 D + 17 OH + 18 HO +, OD + 19 OHD + OD + 7 CH + 8 CO +, N + 44 CO Ms after. 6..5Ms after DGas119 1 Mass number: M/e 4 5
41 Gas Analysis during Excess Heat Generated Test with D 1. D gas intro ks after R ate.6 D+ H + HD + He + H + 4 D +, HD +, 4He 5 HD + 6 D + 17 OH + 18 HO +, OD + 19 OHD + OD + 7 CH + 8 CO +, N + 44 CO Ms after 4 Rate of Mass. 5ks after 4. 77ks after Ms after BDH114 1 M/e 4 5 6
42 Gas Analysis during Excess Heat Generated Test with D 1. D gas intro 4 Rate of Mass. 5ks after ks after D+ H + HD + He + H + 4 D +, HD +, 4He 5 HD + 6 D + 17 OH + 18 HO +, OD + 19 OHD + OD + 7 CH + 8 CO +, N + 44 CO ks after Rate Ms after Ms after BDH116 1 M/e 4 5 6
43 Gas Analysis during Excess Heat Generated Test with D 1. D gas intro 4. 5ks after. 7ks after 4. 77ks after Ms after 6..5Ms after 4 D+ H + HD + He + H + 4 D +, HD +, 4He 5 HD + 6 D + 17 OH + 18 HO +, OD + 19 OHD + OD + 7 CH + 8 CO +, N + 44 CO +
44 Gas Analysis during Excess Heat Generated Test with D 1. D gas intro. 5ks after 4 Rate of Mass ks after D+ H + HD + He + H + 4 D +, HD +, 4He 5 HD + 6 D + 17 OH + 18 HO +, OD + 19 OHD + OD + 7 CH + 8 CO +, N + 44 CO ks after R ate Ms after Ms after BDH M/e 4 5
45 Gas Analysis during Excess Heat Generated Test with D 1. D gas intro. 5ks after 4 Rate of Mass ks after D+ H + HD + He + H + 4 D +, HD +, 4He 5 HD + 6 D + 17 OH + 18 HO +, OD + 19 OHD + OD + 7 CH + 8 CO +, N + 44 CO ks after R ate Ms after Ms after BDH M/e 4 5
46 Changes of Gas Quantity Excess Heat Generation Control (NO Excess Heat) Volume / cm 5 Increase of total gas quantity Total Volume/cm Time/k s Total 5 1 Constant gas quantity Volume/cm 5 Volume / cm Time/k s 5
47 Change of Gas Volume Excess Heat Generation Change of protium with excess energy mass cc changes for various Increase of total Volume /Time Constant total gas quantity gas quantity 4 18 Total Volume/cc V olum e/cc Volume / cc Control (NO Excess Heat) 4 18 Total SummaryGas/A Time/Ms.5 SummaryGas/B Time/Ms.5
48 Gas Calculation Result (D, Excess Heat Generated) M/e=4 M/e= M/e= M/e=4 M/e= M/e=
49 Estimation of Heat Generation with a Fusion Reaction Model (Our speculation) Estimated reaction formulas from heat production and gas emission. + P+ (.MeV) 4.MeV 1 D + 1 D 1 T(1.1MeV).7MeV 1 D + 1 D He(.8MeV) + n(.45mev) We will use these initial reactions for argument sake. Calculating the number of atoms of T+He produced, Assumption; the gas produced in the test are T and He. The volume produced was 5cm Hence, the number of atoms of ( T+He) are; 5/,414 cm. 1-4mol = (the number of atoms of T+He)
50 Estimation of Heat Generation with a Fusion Reaction Model (Our speculation) The thermal calculation is as follows; Assumptions; the gas produced in the test are T and He. 1MeV= J The average energy output of DD Reactions =.65MeV Hence; If all the heat are from nuclear reactions: 78.5MJ (Thermal energy generated when T+He was produced is J = 78.5MJ ) Actual heat generated was = 18MJ. (Total energy produced in the test was 115W (Input = 81W, Excess Energy = 4W) The reactions lasted for 881hrs. ) 18MJ is 17% of the energy generation when the reactions are to be nuclear reactions.
51 Summary
52 Summary: Excess Heat Produced excess heat; Using Nickel Nano-particles and D gas For over 1 month Excess Heat = 75watt (COP = 1.9) Excess Energy = 18MJ
53 Summary: Gas The composites of the gas in the reactor changed during the reactions. Gas of M/e=4 (D+) decreased in the tests when excess heat was generated. Gas of M/e= (HD+ or T+ or He+) increased at the beginning of the reaction and decreased later. Gas of M/e= (D+ or H+) increased virtually consistently, in the tests when excess heat was generated. In the tests when excess heat was NOT produced, the increase of gas M/e= (D+ or H+) was only 5%.
54 Additional Research Required Gas of M/e= (HD+ or T+ or He+) appears to be the intermediate product. Gas analysis is required to identify. Gas of M/e= (1D or H+) appears to be the final product. This is inconsistent with the final product of fusion reactions, which is known to be 4He.
55 Additional Findings to be Presented Neutron Emission γ-ray Emission Transmutation Material
56 Neutron Reaction Cross Section: Ni58 K. Shibata, T. Kawano, T. Nakagawa, O. Iwamoto, J. Katakura, T. Fukahori, S. Chiba, A. Hasegawa, T. Murata,H. Matsunobu, T. Ohsawa, Y. Nakajima, T. Yoshida, A. Zukeran, M. Kawai, M. Baba, M. Ishikawa, T. Asami, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, M. Igashira, N. Yamamuro, H. Kitazawa, N. Yamano and H. Takano: "Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library Version Revision-: JENDL-.," J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 9, 115 ().
57 Neutron Reaction Cross Section: Ni6 K. Shibata, T. Kawano, T. Nakagawa, O. Iwamoto, J. Katakura, T. Fukahori, S. Chiba, A. Hasegawa, T. Murata,H. Matsunobu, T. Ohsawa, Y. Nakajima, T. Yoshida, A. Zukeran, M. Kawai, M. Baba, M. Ishikawa, T. Asami, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, M. Igashira, N. Yamamuro, H. Kitazawa, N. Yamano and H. Takano: "Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library Version Revision-: JENDL-.," J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 9, 115 ().
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