CP Physical Science Physics: Bell Work, Notes, Study Guides

Transcription

1 CP Physical Science Physics: Bell Work, Notes, Study Guides Mr. Banker Fall Remind101.com CP Reminders: to (442) Name: Block: Clicker Number:

2 Table of Contents Bell Work..... First 4 pages Equation Sheet.... Following Bell Work Unit 6.1: Motion, Speed, and Velocity... 3 Unit 6.2: Position vs Time Graphs: Guided Fill in Notes... 5 Unit 6.4: Acceleration and Gravity... 7 Unit 6.5: Velocity vs Time Graphs: Guided Fill in Notes... 9 Unit 7.1: Forces, Newton s Laws Unit 7.2: Weight, Mass, Friction, and Free Body Diagrams Unit 8.1: Work and Power Unit 8.2: Energy Unit 8.3: Nuclear Energy (Fission, Fusion, Uses, and Problems) Unit 9.1: Electric Charges Unit 9.2: Current and Ohm s Law Unit 9.3: Series and Parallel Circuits Unit 9.4: Magnets and Electricity Unit 10.1: Waves Unit 10.2: Electromagnetic Spectrum Unit 10.3: Wave Interactions Study Guides: Unit 6 thru Unit 10.. At the end of each unit 2 P a g e

3 Unit 6.1: Motion, Speed, and Velocity Further Reference: 11.1 Observing Motion MOTION 1. Motion is a relative a. Frame of Reference is a system used 2. Distance is 3. Displacement is a. Displacement must always include 4. If you run around a 400m track, what is your traveling distance? 5. If you run around a 400m track, what is your traveling displacement? SPEED AND VELOCITY 1. Speed is a. includes a direction 2. Velocity is VELOCITY EQUATION a. Includes VELOCTY: In words In symbols 1. What are the SI units for: a. Velocity (and speed) ( ) b. Displacement (and distance) ( ) c. Time ( ) 3 P a g e

4 2. Average Speed is a. What is a real world example? WE WILL ALMOST ALWAYS CALCULATE AVERAGE SPEED. 3. Instantaneous Speed is a. What is a real world example? Practice Problems Write the equation, Show your work, Include units! 1) What is the velocity of a commercial jet which travels from New York City to Los Angeles (4800km) in 6 hours? 2) What is the velocity of a bike that travels 355 meters in seconds? 4 P a g e

5 Unit 6.2: Position vs Time Graphs: Guided Fill in Notes 1) can be studied using a vs graph Due Date: a. is on the vertical axis (it can also be labeled ) b. is on the horizontal axis 2) The of the line indicates the of the object. 3) can be calculated by finding over So let s work one out. 4) Choose 2 points: one to start and one to end with Y 2 = X 2 = Y 1 = X 1= 5) Calculate the change between the points. Difference in Position (Y) = Difference in Time (X) = 6) Calculate for Slope = Position / Time 7) And remember, SLOPE = DIFFE RENT SLOPES MEAN DIFFERENT THINGS POSITIVE SLOPE: 8) A POSITIVE slope indicates a a. Positive velocity means it is 9) The greater the slope, a. The less the slope, 10) On the graph to the right, which has a greater velocity? 5 P a g e

6 HORIZONTAL (ZERO) SLOPE: 11) ZERO slope indicates a a. ZERO slope means that the line is 12) On the graph to the right, which has a greater velocity? NEGATIVE SLOPE: 13) A NEGATIVE slope indicates a a. Negative velocity means the object is 14) On the graph to the right, which has a greater negative velocity? PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER: 15) So what is happening at each of these positions on the graph to the right? a. b. c. d. 6 P a g e

7 Unit 6.4: Acceleration and Gravity Further Reference: 11.2 Acceleration and 12.2 Gravity ACCELERATION AND MOTION 1. Acceleration is the a. The 3 ways to cause an acceleration is to, to, or to b. For acceleration to be zero, cannot be changing Q1 If I were to drive around a circular race track at a constant 60km/hr, am I accelerating or not? Explain why. CALCULATING ACCELERATION 1. What is the acceleration equation in sentence form? ACCELERATION EQUATION In words In symbols In triangle form 2. What are the SI units for: a. Acceleration ( ) b. Time ( ) c. V f (final velocity) ( ) d. V i (initial velocity) ( ) 3. If the acceleration is small, the velocity is increasing 4. If the acceleration is large, the velocity is increasing 5. Positive acceleration means an object is 6. Negative acceleration means an object is a. Negative acceleration is also called 7 P a g e

8 Practice Problems (write the equation, show your work, include your units) 1) You are driving from school home and your speed goes from 10m/s to 40m/s in 5 seconds. What is your acceleration? 2) If a football is thrown from rest with an acceleration of 8.5m/s 2 and had a final velocity of 25m/s. How long was the football accelerating? GRAVITY AND ACCELERATION 1. Gravity is a. What is the value of the acceleration due to gravity? b. What is a vacuum? c. How does air resistance affect an object in motion being pulled by gravity? UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION 1. All objects in the universe exert a on every other object in the universe. 2. The gravitational force of gravity between two objects depends on: 1) : As the increases, the gravitational force 2) : As the increases, the gravitational force 8 P a g e

9 Unit 6.5: Velocity vs Time Graphs: Guided Fill in Notes 1. Acceleration is 2. The vertical axis ( ) will be 3. The horizontal axis ( ) will be 4. Slope of a Velocity vs Time is equal to 5. Does the graph to the right represent velocity or acceleration? a. How can you tell? 6. Does the graph to the right represent velocity or acceleration? a. How can you tell? 7. A velocity vs time graph shows 8. Any slope shows us DIFFE RENT SLOPES MEAN DIFFERENT THINGS POSITIVE SLOPE: 9. A POSITIVE slope indicates a a. Positive acceleration means it is 10. On the graph to the right, which has a greater acceleration? 9 P a g e

10 NO SLOPE: 11. A slope of ZERO indicates a a. This just means that there is a b. Slope of zero = 12. On the graph to the right, which has a greater acceleration? 13. On the graph to the right, which of the two lines have the greater velocity? NEGATIVE SLOPE: 14. A NEGATIVE slope indicates a a. NEGATIVE acceleration means it is b. Deceleration = 15. On the graph to the right, which has a greater deceleration? 10 P a g e

11 RECAP 16. What does a positive slope indicate? 17. What does a negative slope indicate? 18. What does a perfectly horizontal line indicate? CALCULATING SLOPE: 19. What is the formula for acceleration? 20. What is the velocity of the object at 1 second? 21. What is the velocity of the object at 4 seconds? 22. What is the acceleration of the object between 1 second and 4 seconds? 23. What do you notice about the slope and your acceleration? 11 P a g e

12 PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER: 24. This is a Velocity vs. Time graph, what does the slope represent? 25. What is happening at each of the following line segments? a. b. c. d. 26. Calculate the acceleration for each of the following line segments: Line A) Line B) Line C) Line D) 12 P a g e

13 Unit 7.1: Forces, Newton s Laws Further Reference: 12.1 Newton s Laws and 12.3 Newton s Third Law FORCE 1. Force is a. You must have a force to b. Things will continue in motion unless a acts on that object. NEWTON S FIRST LAW 1. Newton s First Law: a. What are 3 outside forces that could act on an object? 2. Inertia is property of an object to a. The inertia of an object because it depends on the of the object i. Object who s mass is large has inertia and is to stop ii. Object who s mass is small has inertia and is to stop NEWTON S SECOND LAW 1. Newton s second law: 2. Newton s second law formula: In words Words In symbols In Triangle 3. Force is measured in ( ) 13 P a g e

14 Practice Problems: Include a formula. Show your work. Include units. 1. What is the acceleration of a boy on a skateboard if the met force acting on the boy is 15N, assuming the total mass of the boy and the skateboard together is 58kg. 2. What is the mass of an object if a force of 34N produces an acceleration of 4.0m/s 2? 4. The more you have, the bigger the required to move you NEWTON S THIRD LAW: ACTION - REACTION FORCES 1. Newton s 3 rd Law: a. Forces always act in i. These forces are and b. Newton s 3 rd law includes forces acting on instead of just c. The action reaction forces do not because they are acting on Recap! Which of Newton s Law s is this? 1. Balloon is blown up with air, and then let go. The balloon flies forward as long as air is exiting the balloon? 2. A bowling ball, once thrown down a greased up bowling lane, will continue traveling unchanged until it hits the pins or the backstop. 3. Cannon fires a cannonball. The cannon moves backward as it is fired, while the cannonball shoots forward. 14 P a g e

15 Unit 7.2: Weight, Mass, Friction, and Free Body Diagrams WEIGHT AND MASS 1. Weight is: a. g = m/s 2 Further Reference: 12.2 Gravity and 11.3 Motion and Forces 2. Weight is a, and thus the SI units for weight is 3. Your will be different on Earth and Mars because weight changes with 4. Weight Equation: In words In symbols In Triangle Practice Problems: Show the formula. Show your work. Show your units. 1. If you have a mass of 22kg on Earth (9.8m/s 2 ), what is your weight? 2. If you have a mass of 22kg on Mars (with 1/3 the gravity of Earth), what is your weight on Mars? 5. Mass is a measure of a. The units for mass are b. Your will be the exact same on Earth or Mars, because you have the everywhere. THE FORCE OF FRICTION 1. Friction is: 2. Friction occurs because the surface of any object is 3. Unwanted friction can be a. List 2 real world examples: 4. Helpful friction can be a. List 2 real world examples: 15 P a g e

16 BALANCED AND UNBALANCED FORCES 1. There will always be force acting on an object at one time. a. Net force is the 2. There are two options for net forces. a. Balanced forces occur when all forces on an object are and no occurs i. Describe a scenario where balanced forces are occurring. b. Unbalanced forces the does not c. Motion will occur in the i. Describe a scenario where unbalanced forces are occurring. 16 P a g e

17 Unit 8.1: Work and Power Further Reference: 13.1 Work, Power, and Machines WHAT IS WORK? 1. Work is: c. Motion of the object must be as the force for work to be done d. If there is no motion, work equals 2. Work Equation: In words In symbols In triangle form BODYBUILDER EXAMPLE: 1. Is the body builder doing work when he is lifting the barbell? 2. Is the body builder doing work as he holds the barbell above his head for 3 seconds? DORA EXAMPLE: 1. Is Dora doing work on the bag when she lifts her backpack? 2. Is Dora doing work on the bag when she runs out the door with the backpack on? HINTS: 1. What are some words that generally mean work is being done? 2. What are some words that generally mean no work is being done? 3. Any exceptions to those hints? WORK = FORCE * DISTANCE 1. The SI unit for work is ( ) a. 1 = 1 = 1 17 P a g e

18 2. You do 1 joule of work when you Practice Problems: Show the formula. Show your work. Show your units. 3. A father plays with his daughter by lifting her in the air. How much work does he do on the child if he lifts her 2 meters and exerts an average of 190N? 4. A bicycle s brakes apply 125N of frictional force to the wheels as the bike moves 14 meters. How much work do the breaks do on the wheel? 18 P a g e

19 Unit 8.2: Energy Further Reference: 13.3 What is Energy and 13.4 Conservation of Energy ENERGY AND WORK 1. Energy is the ability, or ability to a. Energy is measured in ( ) 2. Each of the 7 types of energy have forms of kinetic and potential energy a. Potential = b. Kinetic = THE 7 TYPES OF ENERGY Energy Type Description Example Which of these 7 types of energy have Potential forms of Energy? So knowing that, are potential and mechanical energy acceptable answers when you are asked to list one of the 7 types of energy? 19 P a g e

20 POTENTIAL ENERGY 1. Define Potential Energy (PE): 2. 2 Types: a. Elastic Potential Energy: i. Give 2 examples: b. Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE): i. Give 2 examples: 3. Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) Equation: In words In symbols 4. Being that GPE is a form of energy, the SI units for GPE are Practice Problems: Show the formula. Show your work. Show your units. 5. A 65kg rock climber ascends a cliff. What is the climber s gravitational potential energy at a point 35m above the base of the cliff? 6. A 1.5kg baseball is traveling 8m above the ground at 14m/s. What is the gravitational potential energy of the baseball? Q1 What does GPE depend on? Q2 What does NOT affect GPE? KINETIC ENERGY 1. Kinetic Energy (KE): 2. Kinetic energy depends upon and : 3. Kinetic Energy (KE) Equation: In words In symbols 20 P a g e

21 4. What are the SI Units for Kinetic Energy (KE)? a. 1 joule = Practice Problems: Show the formula. Show your work. Show your units. 1. What is the kinetic energy of a 44kg cheetah running at 31 m/s? 2. A 1.5kg baseball is traveling 8m above the ground at 14m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the baseball? ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS 5. Law of Conservation of Energy: energy can or. Energy can only a. is the total amount of energy in a system b. The total or net energy of the system must when energy changes forms. SOCCER BALL EXAMPLE: Law of Conservation of Energy Soccer ball = 4kg. 1. Before the 5 meter height: a. GPE = because b. KE = because 2. Mid 3 meter height a. GPE = because b. KE = because 3. At Impact with 0 meter height a. GPE = because b. KE = because 4. For an object that is simply going to fall, GPE at the will be equal to KE a. Because 21 P a g e

22 ROLLER COASTER: Law of Conservation of Energy 5. The initial energy of the car is stored as at the top of the hill. a. The changes into as the car travels downhill. b. At the bottom of the lowest hill, the car has the most and the least c. As it travels back up the hill, turns into 6. But this is NOT a PERFECT TRANSFORMATION a. Each time a roller coaster car moves, energy is converted into and, in addition to the GPE and KE. Practice Problems: Energy Transformations In every energy transformation, there is a form of energy that the item starts with and a different form (or more than 1 form) of energy that the item ends with. Tell me the starting energy, and the ending energy that shows up after the transformation A Lightbulb Starts with: electrical Desired Energy: light Waste Energy: heat A Fan Starts with: Desired Energy: Waste Energy: A Battery Starts with: Desired Energy: Waste Energy: A Fire Starts with: Desired Energy: Waste Energy: A Glowstick Starts with: Desired Energy: Waste Energy: 22 P a g e

23 Unit 8.3: Nuclear Energy (Fission, Fusion, Uses, and Problems) Further Reference: Nuclear Fission and Fusion and 10.3 Radiation Today Due Date: NUCLEAR STABILITY 1. The stability of a nucleus depends on the forces that hold the together. These forces act on and a. Nuclei are held together by a force. b. This force causes and in the nucleus to one another. 2. Nuclei with too many or are a. If an atom is, it will try to become stable by FISSION 1. Fission is the process where: a. The nucleus must be for this to happen. Ex: 2. Draw the equation starting with: 235 a. 92 U are used as bullets to break apart a. The 3 products of a fission reaction are: i.. ii.. iii.. 4. Chain Reaction: The Neutrons released by can start a in a different U-235 nucleus. a. This process may be (ex: nuclear power plants / subs) b. This process may be (ex: nuclear weapons) NUCLEAR FUSION 1. Fusion is the process where: 2. Fusion starts with 3. Fusion ends with,, and 4. Fusion occurs in 5. A large amount of is needed to start a, because all nuclei are charged and each other. 23 P a g e

24 WHERE IS RADIATION? 1. Radiation is: a. Background radiation is: b. We are continually exposed to radiation from, such as,,, and. c. More than of the background radiation comes from. NUCLEAR ENERGY DAY 2 INFORMATION: USES, PROS, AND CONS: 1. Nuclear Medicine is: a. List 2 pros for nuclear medicine: - - b. List 2 cons for nuclear medicine: Nuclear Weapons are an fission reaction 3. Nuclear reactors are a fission reaction a. In nuclear power plants, are used to fission by the chain reaction. 4. Explain, in 3 general steps, how a nuclear power plant converts nuclear energy into electrical energy: of the energy produced in the United States is Nuclear Energy. a. In South Carolina, nuclear accounts for of our energy. 6. List 4 Benefits of Nuclear Power Plant Energy: 7. List 4 Negatives to Nuclear Power Plant Energy: 24 P a g e

25 Unit 9.1: Electric Charges A LITTLE CHEMISTRY 1. All matter is made up of 2. Atoms are made of: a. ( ) b. ( ) c. ( ) Further Reference: 17.1 Electricity 3. Atoms can have a charge, a charge, or charge. ELECTRIC CHARGE 4. Electrical charge is caused by of and a. Positive charged objects have more than b. Negative charged objects have more than c. Neutral charged objects have 5. Like charges and opposite charges Draw the charge arrows for each scenario Opposites? Likes? 6. Like energy, electric charges can never be or. It only from one object to the next when move from one object to another. 25 P a g e

26 TRANSFER OF ELECTRIC CHARGE 7. : Transferring a by bringing a near a without touching it. a. The total charge on the door knob will still be, but the oppsite sides will have charge. 8. : Electrons are transferred from one object to the next by a. When a charged rubber rod touches a, some electrons move from to to give the doorknob a. 9. : two objects, leaving built up one side, leaving both objects a. Give 2 examples: CONDUCTOR AND INSULATOR 1. Electrical conductors are: a. List 2 examples: 2. Electrical Insulators are: a. List 2 examples: 3. Charges in the electrical cord of an appliance can move through the, but cannot excape through the surrounding. 26 P a g e

27 Unit 9.2: Current and Ohm s Law Further Reference: 17.2 Current 1. Electricity is: 2. Electric Current is: 3. Ohm s Law Equation: In words In symbols In triangle form a. The SI unit of voltage is the ( ) b. The SI unit of current is the ( ) c. The SI unit of resistance is the ( ) VOLTAGE AND CURRENT 1. Voltage is the difference in between two places where are flowing. a. A wants to move away from b. Electrons flow from to c. provides the energy that or electrons through a circuit. 2. Batteries can have different, and therefore different currents. a. The two different ends of a battery are called b. The voltage ranges from on a small battery to on a car battery. 3. Voltage is the that sets charges (it is the push ). 4. Electric current is the a. The SI unit for current is the ( ) b. In metals, moving make up the current. c. Electrons travel from to d. Direction of current is to, which is as the direction as the electron flow. 27 P a g e

28 5. There are two types of current. a. AC: i. AC examples: b. DC: i. DC examples: ELECTRIC RESISTANCE 1. Objects use difference amounts of power because they have in them. 2. Resistance is: b. The difference in current between these objects is due to the. a. Resistance is caused by. 3. Conductors have resistance. a. The better the conductor, the electrons will move through the material b. Give 2 examples: 4. Insulators have resistance. a. The better the insulator, the more the substance will the movement of electrons b. Give 2 examples: 5. The resistance of the filament of a light bulb determines the light bulb will be. a. The filament of a 40-watt light bulb has a much resistance than that of a 100-watt light bulb. This is because resistance means current, which means a light bulb. 6. What are 2 things that we can do to increase resistance? 7. Explain how we accomplish these two methods within the filament of a lightbulb or a toaster? Practice Problems: Show the formula. Show your work. Show your units. 1. The headlights of a typical car are powered by a 12V battery. What is the resistance of the headlights if they draw 3.0 A of current when turned on? 28 P a g e

29 Unit 9.3: Series and Parallel Circuits Further Reference: 17.3 Circuits WHAT ARE CIRCUITS? 1. Electric circuit is: d. Because of the of the outlet, move through the wires and bulbs from one side of the outlet to the other. e. need to travel around the in order for anything to work. 2. When there is a path for current connected to a voltage source, it is considered a circuit 3. When there is no path for current connected to a voltage source, it is considered an circuit a. A switch allows you to and a circuit SAFETY PRECAUTIONS: FUSES AND CIRCUIT BREAKERS 1. If many devices are connected across an electrical outlet, the overall resistance of the circuits is. a. As a result, the electrical wires carry than a safe level of current, which is called an. b. The high currents in overloaded circuits can cause. 2. Fuses to prevent circuit overload. a. A fuse is a ribbon of wire that has a. b. If the current in the line becomes, the fuse and the circuit is. c. Each fuse can and then must be replaced. d. Each fuse has a certain current level that will cause it to melt. 3. Circuit breakers with a high current. a. Circuit breakers use a strip that responds to overload by the circuit. b. The circuit breaker acts as a. c. Unlike fuses, circuit breakers can be (reset). i. Must be reset after the circuit breaker has been 4. Schematic diagrams are used to represent circuits: Schematic Diagram Symbols: Draw the following Resistor Battery (with + and - terminal) Light Bulb Open Switch 29 P a g e

30 Practice Schematic Drawings: Draw the following: 1. A circuit with one resistor, one battery, and one switch. 2. A circuit with two resistors, three batteries, and one switch. Series Circuit Parallel Circuit Pathways for current Current (I) Voltage (V) Resistance (Ω) 30 P a g e

31 Practice Drawings: Practice Drawings Series: with 2 resistors (one is 4 ohm, one is 7ohm), a 12V battery, and a 10 ohm light bulb. Due Date: Parallel: with a 1.5 volt battery and 3 light bulbs (each on its own branch). Light bulbs have a resistance of 2, 4, and 6 ohms. Series: 6v battery, one switch, one 20ohm resistor. Parallel: 12volt battery, 3 light bulbs. 2 light bulbs (2 and 3 ohms) are on one branch, while the 3 rd light bulb (8ohms) is on another branch) SERIES CIRCUITS 1. There is path for current/electrons to travel a. If the circuit opens in any way,, because current b. Current as it flows through every part of a circuit. a. The resistance, and therefore voltage, will at different points on a series circuit. b. Electric current always flows to. c. Add up to get in a series circuit. d. Voltage after each resistor. e. 31 P a g e

32 Class Notes: Voltage Drop 1. Draw a series circuit with a 3 different1.5 V batteries (all together), 2 equal resistors, and a current of 0.5 A. Drawing: What is the total voltage of the circuit? What is the total resistance of the circuit? What is the resistance of each resistor? 2. Use the picture to the right for the following: What is the total resistance of the circuit? What is the current for the circuit? What is the voltage drop across each resistor? R 1 R 2 R 3 PARALLEL CIRCUITS 1. Parallel circuits have paths for current. a. Paths are known as b. If one of the bulbs or resistors in the circuits were removed, the other branches still c. When devices are connected in parallel, the voltage across each branch is the. d. When devices are connected in parallel, the current in each branch depends on the i. If one light bulb in a parallel circuit has less resistance, charge moves through that bulb because the bulb offers opposition to the movement of charges. e. Instead, the of the currents in all the devices equals the total current. Class Notes: Parallel Drawing 1. Draw a parallel circuit with two resistors, one 2 ohm and one 3 ohm (one on each branch) and a 12 V battery. Drawing: What is the voltage through each resistor? What is the current flowing through each branch? What is the total current? 32 P a g e

33 Unit 9.4: Magnets and Electricity 1. What is a magnet? 2. What are the 4 elements that can be magnetic? a. What are 2 other examples of magnets? 3. All magnets have 2 poles: and a. Like poles, opposite poles b. If a magnet is cut, each piece will have 4. What is a permanent magnet? a. How long can permanent magnets last? 5. What is a magnetic field? a. Leave pole and enter pole b. Magnetic field lines that are closer together mean a magnetic field c. Magnetic fields are strongest at the 6. Electric currents produce a. Magnetics is produced by electric charges b. The magnetic field of a coil of wire resembles 33 P a g e

34 7. What is/how do you create an electromagnet? 8. Strength of an electromagnet depends on : a. wire i. wire = resistance b. Number of in the wire i. More = stronger electromagnet c. The amount of i. More = stronger electromagnet d. The size of the i. Bigger = stronger electromagnet 9. The 2 reasons that electromagnets are useful are: What is a motor? 11. What is a generator? a. Does a generator produce AC or DC? 34 P a g e

35 Unit 10.1: Waves WHAT IS A WAVE? 1. What is a wave? Further Reference: 15.1 Types of Waves and 15.2 Characteristics of Waves 2. What is a medium? 3. The two subsets of waves are mechanical and electromagnetic: a. Waves that require a are called waves. i. What are 3 examples of a mechanical wave? d. Waves that DO NOT require are called waves. i. What is the only type of electromagnetic waves? 4. Most waves are caused by a. is transported, but the simply vibrate in one small area. 5. Waves are classified according to the direction in which the move as a wave passes by. TRANSVERSE WAVES 1. Particle motion is to the direction of the wave motion. a. 3 Examples of transverse waves: 2. Define the following: a. Wavelength b. Amplitude c. Crest d. Trough e. Resting State f. Drawing with labels: 35 P a g e

36 LONGITUDINAL WAVES 1. Particle motion is to the direction of the wave motion. a. 2 Examples of longitudinal waves: Due Date: 2. Define the following: a. Compression b. Rarefaction c. Drawing with labels: WAVE SPEED EQUATION In words In symbols In triangle form WAVE PROPERTIES 1. Wavelength is: a. Wavelength is represented by the greek letter ( ) b. Wavelength is a distance measurement, measured in c. Oscillation is: 2. Frequency is: a. The symbol for frequency is b. The SI unit for frequency is ( ) PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Show a formula, show your work, show your units. The string of a piano that produces the note middle C vibrates with a frequency of 262Hz. If the sound waves produced by this string have a wavelength in air of 1.3m, what is the speed of the sound waves? 36 P a g e

37 WAVE ENERGY 1. The two ways to increase energy of a wave are: a. Increase the b. Increase the i. This is done by decreasing 2. The larger the of a wave is, the more it carries. 3. The greater the of a wave, the more it carries. DOPPLER EFFECT 1. What is the Doppler Effect? 2. What happens as the object making noise moves closer to you? Use the words frequency, wavelength, and pitch. 3. What happens as the object making noise moves further from you? Use the words frequency, wavelength, and pitch. 4. Draw a quick picture with an object that is making noise moving towards, and away from, a stationary person. 37 P a g e

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39 Unit 10.2: Electromagnetic Spectrum Further Reference: 16.2 The Nature of Light THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM 1. Electromagnetic waves are waves that a. They travel as b. They ALL travel at a speed of through the air or empty space Electromagnetic Spectrum: consists of waves at all possible energies, frequencies, and wavelengths. They are placed in order of increasing frequency. Q1 - So what do we notice about the wavelength as we move further right on our diagram? 1. Radio waves are the in the electromagnetic spectrum and have wavelengths from to. a. Give 4 examples/uses of radiowaves: 2. Microwaves: a. Give 4 examples/uses of microwaves: 3. Infrared Light / Waves: a. Infrared light from the sun b. Give 4 examples/uses of infrared light: 4. Visible Light is the only portion of the EMS a. What are the colors of the EMS in order from longest wavelength to shortest wavelength? b. What color of light has the most energy? 39 P a g e

40 5. UltraVioloet Light carries than visible light. a. This is the type of wave that causes your skin b. List 4 examples/uses of Ultravoilet (UV) light: Due Date: 6. X rays form images because they have enough energy to pass through but are absorbed by. 7. Gamma rays are the electromagnetic waves with the energy in the entire EMS. a. They have the wavelengths (and the frequency) Follow up Practice Questions: EMS What type of electromagnetic waves has the most energy? What type has the longest wavelength? What type has the highest frequency? What visible light has the longest wavelength? What visible light has the lowest frequency? Q1 - So what do we notice about the wave as we move further right on our diagram? 40 P a g e

41 Unit 10.3: Wave Interactions Further Reference: 15.3 Wave Interactions REFLECTION, DIFFRACTION, AND REFRACTION 1. Waves can interact with other waves, other objects, or change medium (travel through different substances) a. When a wave meets a new surface or boundary, the wave b. When a wave passes the edge of an object or passes through an opening, the wave c. When a wave passes from one medium to another at an angle, it will 2. Reflection is the of a wave when it meets a surface or a boundary that is that it can t travel through. a. 2 examples of reflection are: b. Light obeys the, which states that the will equal the. Drawing: Reflection Flat surface drawing Rough surface drawing 3. Diffraction is when waves pass the edge of an object (or reach an opening), they as if a new wave were created there. a. For small openings, waves will b. When waves pass an edge, they will c. This bending is called 41 P a g e

42 4. Refraction is the bending of waves when they pass from a. Occur when waves reach a new medium at Due Date: b. Each time a wave reaches a new medium, it will be as the waves c. The waves from the bottom part of the pencil (traveling through air then water then air) reach your eyes than the waves reflected from the top of the spoon (only traveling through air). d. Different substances have different i. This is because waves travel in ii. The light travels through a substance, the more it will when it enters the substance. e. Prisms light. i. Light and bends when it enters the prism at an angle. ii. Each wavelength within white light slows down and bends iii. The violet light end slows down than the red light end, so it bends. INTERFERENCE 1. Waves can with other waves. 2. Interference: When several waves are, they to form a new wave that is from the original waves. a. Once the waves have and moved on, they will return to their. 3. Constructive interference a. When the crest of one wave overlaps the of another wave, the waves each other. i. These waves are b. Draw a picture of constructive interference 42 P a g e

43 4. Destructive interference a. When the crest of one wave meets the of another wave, the resulting wave has a amplitude then the larger of the two waves. i. These waves are b. Draw a picture of destructive interference LENSES 1. A lens is an optical device that and light 2. What is the difference between a simple and a compound lens? 3. Convex lenses light a. Draw a convex lens, showing light entering and exiting. 4. Concave lenses light a. Draw a concave lens, showing light entering and exiting. 43 P a g e