The ATLAS Detector - Inside Out Julia I. Hofmann
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1 The ATLAS Detector - Inside Out Julia I. Hofmann KIP Heidelberg University Outline: 1st lecture: The Detector 2nd lecture: The Trigger 3rd lecture: The Analysis (mine)
2 Motivation Physics Goals: Study Standard Model of Particle Physics find the Higgs boson 2
3 Motivation Physics Goals: Study Standard Model of Particle Physics find the Higgs boson Search for new physics processes : SUSY microscopic black holes... 3
4 Motivation Needs: High energy particle collisions x High luminosity sample x Detector to measure plenitude of final state (multi purpose) 4
5 The Large Hadron Collider Discovery Machine: proton-proton collisions no knowledge about initial state broad range of center-ofmass energy of collision 5
6 The Large Hadron Collider Discovery Machine: proton-proton collisions no knowledge about initial state broad range of center-ofmass energy of collision two concurrent detectors 6
7 The Large Hadron Collider 7
8 The Large Hadron Collider 8
9 The Large Hadron Collider 9
10 The Large Hadron Collider 10
11 Higgs Decay 11
12 Higgs branching ratios 12
13 Wishlist for Detector recording of full event: maximal coverage of the solid angle measure and distinguish different particle species electrons photons muons jets different specialized sub components 13
14 Finding the Higgs 14
15 The ATLAS Detector 15
16 Coordinate System 16
17 The ATLAS Detector 17
18 The ATLAS Detector Particle detection via their energy loss in material they traverse 18
19 The ATLAS Detector Electrons: mainly bremsstrahlung: - de / dx = E / X0 Energy down to 1/e after X0(Radiation length) want little material in front of calorimeters and thick (> 20 X0) calorimeter Examples: X0/ρ for water 36 cm, for lead 0.56 cm 19
20 The ATLAS Detector Photons: e+e pair production Mean free path 7/9 X0 20
21 The ATLAS Detector Hadrons: Characteristic scale: nuclear interaction length λ Relevant for total calorimeter depth (hadronic + electromagnetic) Examples: λ/ρ for water 83.6 cm, for steel 17 cm 21
22 The ATLAS Detector Muons: basically heavy electrons radiation length much longer 22
23 The ATLAS Detector 23
24 Magnets Needed for momentum measurement 24
25 Inner Detector Gaseous Semiconducting 25
26 Inner Detector Gaseous Semiconducting 26
27 Semi Conductiong Detectors charged particle 27
28 Tracking 28
29 Tracking from Thomas 29
30 Tracking from Thomas Pixel layers 30
31 Pileup Pile-up is multiple proton-proton collisions at the same time In 2012: up to 40 simultaneous interactions Need precise tracking information to reject this soft interactions usually low energetic
32 Finding the Higgs 32
33 Inner Detector 33
34 Pixel Detector 34
35 SemiConductor Tracker 35
36 Inner Detector Gaseous Semiconducting 36
37 Transition Radiation Tracker 37
38 Transition Radiation Tracker 38
39 Inner Detector 39
40 Calorimeters 40
41 Two Calorimeter Types Nuclear Bremsstrahlung interactions and and ionisation pair production 41
42 Two Calorimeter Types Particles in... no particles out! 42
43 Sampling Calorimeters Particles in... no particles out! 43
44 Electromagnetic Calorimeter 44
45 Hadronic Calorimeter 45
46 Granularity Particles in... no particles out! Energy measured in cells 46
47 Granularity 47
48 Granularity 48
49 Energy Imbalance Neutrinos don't interact with detector impossible to fully reconstruct processes containing neutrinos e.g. leptonic W decay or Z υυ (without knowledge about intital state) But: energy and momentum are conserved escaping particle would manifest by momentum imbalance: missing transverse energy ETmiss important to have full φ coverage 49
50 Energy Imbalance ETmiss computed by: summing all energy deposits from calibrated objects vectorially adding muons adding unmatched calorimeter clusters ETmiss = ETmiss 50
51 51
52 Muon System 52
53 Magnets Needed for momentum measurement 53
54 Muon Spectrometer Cathode Strip Chambers using the principle of multi-wire proportional chamber Anode wire Monitored Drift Tube chamber charged particle Cathode (segmented) 54
55 Muon Spectrometer 55
56 Summary ATLAS is a multi purpose particle detector measure Higgs in all channels searching for BSM particles various technologies used in order to precisely identify particles and measure their properties In operation since 2010 results for s = 2.76 TeV, 7 TeV and 8 TeV Next week: Trigger - Which events are we recording? 56
57 Thank you! 57
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