The First Law of Thermodynamics
|
|
- Walter Roger Preston
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 19 The First Law of Thermodynamics PowerPoint Lectures for University Physics, Thirteenth Edition Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman Lectures by Wayne Anderson
2 Goals for Chapter 19 To represent heat transfer and work done in a thermodynamic process and to calculate work To relate heat transfer, work done, and internal energy change using the first law of thermodynamics To distinguish between adiabatic, isochoric, isobaric, and isothermal processes To understand and use the molar heat capacities at constant volume and constant pressure To analyze adiabatic processes
3 Introduction A steam locomotive operates using the laws of thermodynamics, but so do air conditioners and car engines. We shall revisit the conservation of energy in the form of the first law of thermodynamics.
4 Thermodynamics systems A thermodynamic system is any collection of objects that may exchange energy with its surroundings. In a thermodynamic process, changes occur in the state of the system. Careful of signs! Q is positive when heat flows into a system. W is the work done by the system, so it is positive for expansion. (See Figure 19.3 at the right.)
5 Work done during volume changes Figures 19.4 and 19.5 below show how gas molecules do work when the gas volume changes.
6 Work on a pv-diagram The work done equals the area under the curve on a pv-diagram. (See Figure 19.6 below.) Work is positive for expansion and negative for compression. Follow Example 19.1 for an isothermal (constant-temperature) expansion.
7 Example 19.1
8 Work depends on the path chosen Figure 19.7 below shows why the work done depends on the path chosen.
9 First law of thermodynamics First law of thermodynamics: The change in the internal energy U of a system is equal to the heat added minus the work done by the system: U = Q W. (See Figure 19.9 at the right.) The first law of thermodynamics is just a generalization of the conservation of energy. Both Q and W depend on the path chosen between states, but U is independent of the path. If the changes are infinitesimal, we write the first law as du = dq dw.
10 Work Out!!
11 Cyclic processes and isolated systems In a cyclic process, the system returns to its initial state. Figure below illustrates your body s cyclic process for one day. A isolated system does no work and has no heat flow in or out.
12 Example 19.2
13 Example 19.3
14 Example 19.4
15 Example 19.5
16 Four kinds of thermodynamic processes Adiabatic: No heat is transferred into or out of the system, so Q = 0. Isochoric: The volume remains constant, so W = 0. Isobaric: The pressure remains constant, so W = p(v 2 V 1 ). Isothermal: The temperature remains constant.
17 The four processes on a pv-diagram Figure shows a pv-diagram of the four different processes.
18 Internal energy of an ideal gas The internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature, not on its pressure or volume. The temperature of an ideal gas does not change during a free expansion. (See Figure at the right.)
19 Heat capacities of an ideal gas C V is the molar heat capacity at constant volume. C p is the molar heat capacity at constant pressure. Figure at the right shows how we could measure the two molar heat capacities.
20 Relating C p an C V for an ideal gas Figure at the right shows that to produce the same temperature change, more heat is required at constant pressure than at constant volume since U is the same in both cases. This means that C p > C V. C p = C V + R.
21 The ratio of heat capacities The ratio of heat capacities is = C p /C V. For ideal gases, = 1.67 (monatomic) and = 1.40 (diatomic). Table 19.1 shows that theory and experiment are in good agreement for monatomic and diatomic gases. Follow Example 19.6.
22 Example 19.6
23 Adiabatic processes for an ideal gas In an adiabatic process, no heat is transferred in or out of the gas, so Q = 0. Figure at the right shows a pv-diagram for an adiabatic expansion. Note that an adiabatic curve at any point is always steeper than an isotherm at that point. Follow the derivations showing how to calculate the work done during an adiabatic process.
24 Adiabatic compression in a diesel engine Follow Example 19.7 dealing with a diesel engine. Use Figure below.
25 Example 19.7
26 Summary
27 Summary
28 Key Equations W V 2 V1 p dv work done in a volume change (19.2) W p V2 V1 work done in a volume change at constant pressure (19.3) U2 U1 U Q W first law of thermodynamics (19.4) du dq dw first law of thermodynamics, infinitesimal process (19.6) p V C C R molar heat capacities of an ideal gas (19.17) C p ratio of heat capacities (19.18) C V W ncv T 1 T 2 adiabatic process, ideal gas (19.25) C V 1 W pv p V pv p V R 1 adiabatic process, ideal gas (19.26)
Lecture 5. PHYC 161 Fall 2016
Lecture 5 PHYC 161 Fall 2016 Ch. 19 First Law of Thermodynamics In a thermodynamic process, changes occur in the state of the system. Careful of signs! Q is positive when heat flows into a system. W is
More informationChapter 19 The First Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 19 The First Law of Thermodynamics Lecture by Dr. Hebin Li Assignment Due at 11:59pm on Sunday, December 7 HW set on Masteringphysics.com Final exam: Time: 2:15pm~4:15pm, Monday, December 8. Location:
More informationThe First Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 9 The First Law of Thermodynamics Topics for Chapter 9 I. First Law of Thermodynamics Internal energy, concept of state variables Difference between Work and Heat II. Examine various types of thermodynamic
More informationChapter 19 The First Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 19 The First Law of Thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics is an extension of the principle of conservation of energy. It includes the transfer of both mechanical and thermal energy. First
More informationNOTE: Only CHANGE in internal energy matters
The First Law of Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics is a special case of the Law of Conservation of Energy It takes into account changes in internal energy and energy transfers by heat and
More informationPhysics Fall Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Waves, Fluids. Lecture 32: Heat and Work II. Slide 32-1
Physics 1501 Fall 2008 Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Waves, Fluids Lecture 32: Heat and Work II Slide 32-1 Recap: the first law of thermodynamics Two ways to raise temperature: Thermally: flow of heat Energy
More informationInternal Energy (example)
Internal Energy (example) A bucket of water KEs: translational: rotational: vibrational: PEs: within molecules: between molecules: @ rest on the table molecular bonds dipole-dipole interactions Internal
More informationChemistry. Lecture 10 Maxwell Relations. NC State University
Chemistry Lecture 10 Maxwell Relations NC State University Thermodynamic state functions expressed in differential form We have seen that the internal energy is conserved and depends on mechanical (dw)
More information2/18/2019. Ideal-Gas Processes. Thermodynamics systems. Thermodynamics systems
Thermodynamics systems A thermodynamic system is any collection of objects that may exchange energy with its surroundings. The popcorn in the pot is a thermodynamic system. In the thermodynamic process
More informationThermodynamics systems
Thermodynamics systems A thermodynamic system is any collection of objects that may exchange energy with its surroundings. The popcorn in the pot is a thermodynamic system. In the thermodynamic process
More informationThermodynamics part III.
Thermodynamics part III. a.) Fenomenological thermodynamics macroscopic description b.) Molecular thermodynamics microscopic description b1.) kinetical gas theory b2.) statistical thermodynamics Laws of
More informationThe first law of thermodynamics continued
Lecture 7 The first law of thermodynamics continued Pre-reading: 19.5 Where we are The pressure p, volume V, and temperature T are related by an equation of state. For an ideal gas, pv = nrt = NkT For
More information(prev) (top) (next) (Throughout, we will assume the processes involve an ideal gas with constant n.)
1 of 9 8/22/12 9:51 PM (prev) (top) (next) Thermodynamics 1 Thermodynamic processes can be: 2 isothermal processes, ΔT = 0 (so P ~ 1 / V); isobaric processes, ΔP = 0 (so T ~ V); isovolumetric or isochoric
More informationApplied Thermodynamics for Marine Systems Prof. P. K. Das Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
Applied Thermodynamics for Marine Systems Prof. P. K. Das Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 8 Introduction to Vapour Power Cycle Today, we will continue
More informationLecture 7, 8 and 9 : Thermodynamic process by: Asst. lect. Karrar Al-Mansoori CONTENTS. 7) Thermodynamic process, path and cycle 2
CONTENTS Topics pages 7) Thermodynamic process, path and cycle 8) Reversibility and irreversibility 4 9) Thermodynamic processes and calculation of work 5 9.: Constant pressure process or isobaric process
More informationSpecific Heat of Diatomic Gases and. The Adiabatic Process
Specific Heat of Diatomic Gases and Solids The Adiabatic Process Ron Reifenberger Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University February 22, 2012 Lecture 7 1 Specific Heat for Solids and Diatomic i Gasses
More informationUnit 05 Kinetic Theory of Gases
Unit 05 Kinetic Theory of Gases Unit Concepts: A) A bit more about temperature B) Ideal Gas Law C) Molar specific heats D) Using them all Unit 05 Kinetic Theory, Slide 1 Temperature and Velocity Recall:
More informationU = 4.18 J if we heat 1.0 g of water through 1 C. U = 4.18 J if we cool 1.0 g of water through 1 C.
CHAPER LECURE NOES he First Law of hermodynamics: he simplest statement of the First Law is as follows: U = q + w. Here U is the internal energy of the system, q is the heat and w is the work. CONVENIONS
More informationMore Thermodynamics. Specific Specific Heats of a Gas Equipartition of Energy Reversible and Irreversible Processes
More Thermodynamics Specific Specific Heats of a Gas Equipartition of Energy Reversible and Irreversible Processes Carnot Cycle Efficiency of Engines Entropy More Thermodynamics 1 Specific Heat of Gases
More informationChapter 19. First Law of Thermodynamics. Dr. Armen Kocharian, 04/04/05
Chapter 19 First Law of Thermodynamics Dr. Armen Kocharian, 04/04/05 Heat and Work Work during volume change Work in Thermodynamics Work can be done on a deformable system, such as a gas Consider a cylinder
More informationThermodynamic system is classified into the following three systems. (ii) Closed System It exchanges only energy (not matter) with surroundings.
1 P a g e The branch of physics which deals with the study of transformation of heat energy into other forms of energy and vice-versa. A thermodynamical system is said to be in thermal equilibrium when
More informationPhysics 121, April 24. Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester
Physics 121, April 24. Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics. Physics 121. April 24, 2008. Course Information Topics to be discussed today: Heat First law of thermodynamics Second law of thermodynamics
More informationPhysics 121, April 24. Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics. Physics 121. April 24, Physics 121. April 24, Course Information
Physics 121, April 24. Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics. Physics 121. April 24, 2008. Course Information Topics to be discussed today: Heat First law of thermodynamics Second law of thermodynamics
More informationThermal Properties of Matter (Microscopic models)
Chapter 18 Thermal Properties of Matter (Microscopic models) PowerPoint Lectures for University Physics, Twelfth Edition Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman Lectures by James Pazun Modified by P. Lam 6_18_2012
More informationChapter 3 - First Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 3 - dynamics The ideal gas law is a combination of three intuitive relationships between pressure, volume, temp and moles. David J. Starling Penn State Hazleton Fall 2013 When a gas expands, it
More informationPhysics 115. Specific heats revisited Entropy. General Physics II. Session 13
Physics 115 General Physics II Session 13 Specific heats revisited Entropy R. J. Wilkes Email: phy115a@u.washington.edu Home page: http://courses.washington.edu/phy115a/ 4/22/14 Physics 115 1 Lecture Schedule
More informationThe First Law of Thermodynamics
he First Law of hermodynamics he First Law of hermodynamics states that the energy of an isolated system is constant. If a system does an amount of work w, its internal energy (U) falls by the amount w.
More informationHeat, Work, Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and the First Law of Thermodynamics. Internal Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics
CHAPTER 2 Heat, Work, Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and the First Law of Thermodynamics Internal Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics Internal Energy (U) Translational energy of molecules Potential
More informationSurvey of Thermodynamic Processes and First and Second Laws
Survey of Thermodynamic Processes and First and Second Laws Please select only one of the five choices, (a)-(e) for each of the 33 questions. All temperatures T are absolute temperatures. All experiments
More informationPhase Changes and Latent Heat
Review Questions Why can a person remove a piece of dry aluminum foil from a hot oven with bare fingers without getting burned, yet will be burned doing so if the foil is wet. Equal quantities of alcohol
More information(Heat capacity c is also called specific heat) this means that the heat capacity number c for water is 1 calorie/gram-k.
Lecture 23: Ideal Gas Law and The First Law of Thermodynamics 1 (REVIEW) Chapter 17: Heat Transfer Origin of the calorie unit A few hundred years ago when people were investigating heat and temperature
More informationDistinguish between an isothermal process and an adiabatic process as applied to an ideal gas (2)
1. This question is about thermodynamic processes. (a) Distinguish between an isothermal process and an adiabatic process as applied to an ideal gas.......... An ideal gas is held in a container by a moveable
More informationPhys 160 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics. Lecture 4 Isothermal and Adiabatic Work Heat Capacities
Phys 160 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics Lecture 4 Isothermal and Adiabatic Work Heat Capacities Heat and Work Much of thermodynamics deals with three closely - related concepts; temperature, energy,
More informationPhysics 4C Chapter 19: The Kinetic Theory of Gases
Physics 4C Chapter 19: The Kinetic Theory of Gases Whether you think you can or think you can t, you re usually right. Henry Ford The only thing in life that is achieved without effort is failure. Source
More information12.1 Work in Thermodynamic Processes
Name APPH7_Notes3key Page 1 of 6 AP Physics Date Notes: Thermodynamics 12.1 Work in Thermodynamic Processes First Law of Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics tells us that the internal energy
More informationMonday, October 21, 13. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture 4 1st Law of Thermodynamics (sections 19-4 to 19-9) 19-4 Calorimetry 19-5 Latent Heat 19-6 The 1st Law of Thermodynamics 19-7 Gas: Calculating the Work 19-8 Molar Specific Heats 19-9 Adiabatic
More informationFirst Law of Thermodynamics
First Law of Thermodynamics September 11, 2013 The first law of thermodynamics is the conservation of energy applied to thermal systems. Here, we develop the principles of thermodynamics for a discrete
More informationCh. 19: The Kinetic Theory of Gases
Ch. 19: The Kinetic Theory of Gases In this chapter we consider the physics of gases. If the atoms or molecules that make up a gas collide with the walls of their container, they exert a pressure p on
More informationLecture Outline Chapter 18. Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Outline Chapter 18 Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker Chapter 18 The Laws of Thermodynamics Units of Chapter 18 The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics Thermal Processes
More informationGeneral Physics I (aka PHYS 2013)
General Physics I (aka PHYS 2013) PROF. VANCHURIN (AKA VITALY) University of Minnesota, Duluth (aka UMD) OUTLINE CHAPTER 12 CHAPTER 19 REVIEW CHAPTER 12: FLUID MECHANICS Section 12.1: Density Section 12.2:
More informationChapter 12. The Laws of Thermodynamics. First Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 12 The Laws of Thermodynamics First Law of Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics tells us that the internal energy of a system can be increased by Adding energy to the system Doing work
More informationMCQs THERMODYNAMICS. Physics Without Fear.
MCQs THERMODYNAMICS Physics Without Fear Thermodynamics: At a glance Zeroth law of thermodynamics: Two systems A and B each in thermal equilibrium with a third system C are in thermal equilibrium with
More informationConservation of Energy
Conservation of Energy Energy can neither by created nor destroyed, but only transferred from one system to another and transformed from one form to another. Conservation of Energy Consider at a gas in
More informationLecture 7: Kinetic Theory of Gases, Part 2. ! = mn v x
Lecture 7: Kinetic Theory of Gases, Part 2 Last lecture, we began to explore the behavior of an ideal gas in terms of the molecules in it We found that the pressure of the gas was: P = N 2 mv x,i! = mn
More informationEnthalpy and Adiabatic Changes
Enthalpy and Adiabatic Changes Chapter 2 of Atkins: The First Law: Concepts Sections 2.5-2.6 of Atkins (7th & 8th editions) Enthalpy Definition of Enthalpy Measurement of Enthalpy Variation of Enthalpy
More information19-9 Adiabatic Expansion of an Ideal Gas
19-9 Adiabatic Expansion of an Ideal Gas Learning Objectives 19.44 On a p-v diagram, sketch an adiabatic expansion (or contraction) and identify that there is no heat exchange Q with the environment. 19.45
More informationExam 1 Solutions 100 points
Chemistry 360 Fall 018 Dr. Jean M. Standard September 19, 018 Name KEY Exam 1 Solutions 100 points 1.) (14 points) A chunk of gold metal weighing 100.0 g at 800 K is dropped into 100.0 g of liquid water
More informationProblem: Calculate the entropy change that results from mixing 54.0 g of water at 280 K with 27.0 g of water at 360 K in a vessel whose walls are
Problem: Calculate the entropy change that results from mixing 54.0 g of water at 280 K with 27.0 g of water at 360 K in a vessel whose walls are perfectly insulated from the surroundings. Is this a spontaneous
More informationHence. The second law describes the direction of energy transfer in spontaneous processes
* Heat and Work The first law of thermodynamics states that: Although energy has many forms, the total quantity of energy is constant. When energy disappears in one form, it appears simultaneously in other
More informationChapter 15 Thermal Properties of Matter
Chapter 15 Thermal Properties of Matter To understand the mole and Avogadro's number. To understand equations of state. To study the kinetic theory of ideal gas. To understand heat capacity. To learn and
More informationCHEM Thermodynamics. Work. There are two ways to change the internal energy of a system:
There are two ways to change the internal energy of a system: Thermodynamics Work 1. By flow of heat, q Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between and the surroundings 2. By doing work, w Work can
More informationHandout 12: Thermodynamics. Zeroth law of thermodynamics
1 Handout 12: Thermodynamics Zeroth law of thermodynamics When two objects with different temperature are brought into contact, heat flows from the hotter body to a cooler one Heat flows until the temperatures
More informationApplication of the First Law of Thermodynamics to Adiabatic, Isothermal, Isobaric, and Isochoric Processes; Heat Engine and Engine Cycles
Application of the First Law of Thermodynamics to Adiabatic, Isothermal, Isobaric, and Isochoric Processes; Heat Engine and Engine Cycles by SHS Encoder 3 on February 05, 2018 lesson duration of 0 minutes
More informationWeek 5. Energy Analysis of Closed Systems. GENESYS Laboratory
Week 5. Energy Analysis of Closed Systems Objectives 1. Examine the moving boundary work or PdV work commonly encountered in reciprocating devices such as automotive engines and compressors 2. Identify
More informationFinal Review Solutions
Final Review Solutions Jared Pagett November 30, 206 Gassed. Rapid Fire. We assume several things when maing the ideal gas approximation. With inetic molecular theory, we model gas molecules as point particles
More informationThe goal of thermodynamics is to understand how heat can be converted to work. Not all the heat energy can be converted to mechanical energy
Thermodynamics The goal of thermodynamics is to understand how heat can be converted to work Main lesson: Not all the heat energy can be converted to mechanical energy This is because heat energy comes
More informationOutline of the Course
Outline of the Course 1) Review and Definitions 2) Molecules and their Energies 3) 1 st Law of Thermodynamics 4) 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics 5) Gibbs Free Energy 6) Phase Diagrams and REAL Phenomena 7)
More informationHandout 12: Thermodynamics. Zeroth law of thermodynamics
1 Handout 12: Thermodynamics Zeroth law of thermodynamics When two objects with different temperature are brought into contact, heat flows from the hotter body to a cooler one Heat flows until the temperatures
More information, is placed in thermal contact with object B, with mass m, specific heat c B. and initially at temperature T B
4C_PLC http://www.cabrillo.edu/~jmccullough/physics4c/files/4c_plc/4c_plc.htm Page 1 of 8 /6/201 1. The heat capacity at constant volume and the heat capacity at constant pressure have different values
More informationMatter exchange - type of wall Yes - permeable - absence of wall. Energy exchange - type of wall. - diathermic - moving wall. Yes
I. The concept of work, expansion and additional (useful) work. II. The concept of heat. III. Definition of internal energy and its molecular interpretation. I. Different forms of the first law of thermodynamics..
More information6) BTW: Your TA has Exam3. It should have been returned to you on Nov 16 (Mon) at Recitation if you
Chap. 15: pv = nrt Mole and Avogadro s number. Equations of state. Kinetic theory of an ideal gas. Heat capacities. First Law of Thermodynamics. Thermodynamic processes. Properties of an ideal gas. 1 3
More informationFirst Law CML 100, IIT Delhi SS. The total energy of the system. Contribution from translation + rotation + vibrations.
Internal Energy he total energy of the system. Contribution from translation + rotation + vibrations. Equipartition theorem for the translation and rotational degrees of freedom. 1/ k B Work Path function,
More informationChapter 18 Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 18 Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics Heat is the transfer of energy due to the difference in temperature. The internal energy is the total energy of the object in its centerofmass reference
More informationTHERMODYNAMICS b) If the temperatures of two bodies are equal then they are said to be in thermal equilibrium.
THERMODYNAMICS Important Points:. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: a) This law gives the concept of temperature. b) If the temperatures of two bodies are equal then they are said to be in thermal equilibrium.
More informationChapter 19: The Kinetic Theory of Gases Questions and Example Problems
Chapter 9: The Kinetic Theory of Gases Questions and Example Problems N M V f N M Vo sam n pv nrt Nk T W nrt ln B A molar nmv RT k T rms B p v K k T λ rms avg B V M m πd N/V Q nc T Q nc T C C + R E nc
More informationHeat and Thermodynamics. February. 2, Solution of Recitation 2. Consider the first case when air is allowed to expand isothermally.
Heat and Thermodynamics. February., 0 Solution of Recitation Answer : We have given that, Initial volume of air = = 0.4 m 3 Initial pressure of air = P = 04 kpa = 04 0 3 Pa Final pressure of air = P =
More informationThe Kinetic Theory of Gases
PHYS102 Previous Exam Problems CHAPTER 19 The Kinetic Theory of Gases Ideal gas RMS speed Internal energy Isothermal process Isobaric process Isochoric process Adiabatic process General process 1. Figure
More informationDual Program Level 1 Physics Course
Dual Program Level 1 Physics Course Assignment 15 Due: 11/Feb/2012 14:00 Assume that water has a constant specific heat capacity of 4190 J/kg K at all temperatures between its melting point and boiling
More informationUNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON PHYS1013W1 SEMESTER 2 EXAMINATION 2014-2015 ENERGY AND MATTER Duration: 120 MINS (2 hours) This paper contains 8 questions. Answers to Section A and Section B must be in separate
More informationIntroduction to thermodynamics
Chapter 6 Introduction to thermodynamics Topics First law of thermodynamics Definitions of internal energy and work done, leading to du = dq + dw Heat capacities, C p = C V + R Reversible and irreversible
More informationChapter 4 ENERGY ANALYSIS OF CLOSED SYSTEMS
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach Seventh Edition in SI Units Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles McGraw-Hill, 2011 Chapter 4 ENERGY ANALYSIS OF CLOSED SYSTEMS Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies,
More informationVersion 001 HW 15 Thermodynamics C&J sizemore (21301jtsizemore) 1
Version 001 HW 15 Thermodynamics C&J sizemore 21301jtsizemore 1 This print-out should have 38 questions. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page find all choices before answering.
More informationWork and Kinetic Energy
Chapter 6 Work and Kinetic Energy PowerPoint Lectures for University Physics, Thirteenth Edition Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman Lectures by Wayne Anderson Goals for Chapter 6 To understand and calculate
More informationEnergy: 1. Energy is an abstract physical quantity 2. It can be measured only by means of its effect Vikasana - Bridge Course
BASICS OF THERMODYNAMICS Vikasana - Bridge Course 2012 1 Energy: 1. Energy is an abstract physical quantity 2. It can be measured only by means of its effect Vikasana - Bridge Course 2012 2 HEAT Heat is
More informationABCD42BEF F2 F8 5 4D65F8 CC8 9
ABCD BEF F F D F CC Physics 7B Fall 2015 Midterm 1 Solutions Problem 1 Let R h be the radius of the hole. R h = 2 3 Rα R h = 2 3 R+ R h = 2 3 R(1+α ) (4 points) In order for the marble to fit through the
More informationPhysics 2 week 7. Chapter 3 The Kinetic Theory of Gases
Physics week 7 Chapter 3 The Kinetic Theory of Gases 3.1. Ideal Gases 3.1.1. Experimental Laws and the Equation of State 3.1.. Molecular Model of an Ideal Gas 3.. Mean Free Path 3.3. The Boltzmann Distribution
More informationChapter 12. The Laws of Thermodynamics
Chapter 12 The Laws of Thermodynamics First Law of Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics tells us that the internal energy of a system can be increased by Adding energy to the system Doing work
More informationEQUILIBRIUM IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS
EQUILIBRIUM IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS CHAPTER 12 Thermodynamic Processes and Thermochemistry CHAPTER 13 Spontaneous Processes and Thermodynamic Equilibrium CHAPTER 14 Chemical Equilibrium CHAPTER 15 Acid-Base
More informationPhysics 53. Thermal Physics 1. Statistics are like a bikini. What they reveal is suggestive; what they conceal is vital.
Physics 53 Thermal Physics 1 Statistics are like a bikini. What they reveal is suggestive; what they conceal is vital. Arthur Koestler Overview In the following sections we will treat macroscopic systems
More informationMASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Physics Department Statistical Physics I Spring Term 2003 Solutions to Problem Set #5
MASSACUSES INSIUE OF ECNOLOGY Physics Department 8.044 Statistical Physics I Spring erm 003 Solutions to Problem Set #5 Problem 1: Equation of State for a Ferromagnet a) We are looking for the magnetization
More informationAP PHYSICS 2 WHS-CH-15 Thermodynamics Show all your work, equations used, and box in your answers!
AP PHYSICS 2 WHS-CH-15 Thermodynamics Show all your work, equations used, and box in your answers! Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796-1832) Sadi Carnot was a French military engineer and physicist, often
More informationChapter 1: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS AND VARIOUS THERMODYMIC PROCESSES
Chapter 1: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS AND VARIOUS THERMODYMIC PROCESSES Thermodynamics is that branch of science which deals with energy transfer A system may be closed, open or isolated system
More informationThe Second Law of Thermodynamics
he Second Law of hermodynamics So far We have studied the second law by looking at its results We don t have a thermodynamic property that can describe it In this chapter we will develop a mathematical
More informationPY2005: Thermodynamics
ome Multivariate Calculus Y2005: hermodynamics Notes by Chris Blair hese notes cover the enior Freshman course given by Dr. Graham Cross in Michaelmas erm 2007, except for lecture 12 on phase changes.
More informationSPH 302 THERMODYNAMICS
THERMODYNAMICS Nyongesa F. W., PhD. e-mail: fnyongesa@uonbi.ac.ke 1 Course Outline Lecture 1: Thermodynamic concepts & Zeroth Law Lecture 2: 1 ST Law Lecture 3: 2 ND Law Lecture 4: Entropy and 2 ND Law
More informationTemperature Thermal Expansion Ideal Gas Law Kinetic Theory Heat Heat Transfer Phase Changes Specific Heat Calorimetry Heat Engines
Temperature Thermal Expansion Ideal Gas Law Kinetic Theory Heat Heat Transfer Phase Changes Specific Heat Calorimetry Heat Engines Zeroeth Law Two systems individually in thermal equilibrium with a third
More information6.3 The First Law of Thermodynamics
6.3 The First Law of Thermodynamics Physics Tool box Thermodynamic System - any collection of objects that is convenient to regard as a unit, and may have the potential to exchange energy with its surroundings.
More information1. (10) True or False: A material with an ideal thermal equation of state must have a constant c v.
AME 54531 Intermediate hermodynamics Examination : Prof. J. M. Powers 7 November 018 1. 10) rue or False: A material with an ideal thermal equation of state must have a constant c v. False. Forsuchamaterialc
More informationLecture 9 Overview (Ch. 1-3)
Lecture 9 Overview (Ch. -) Format of the first midterm: four problems with multiple questions. he Ideal Gas Law, calculation of δw, δq and ds for various ideal gas processes. Einstein solid and two-state
More informationSpeed Distribution at CONSTANT Temperature is given by the Maxwell Boltzmann Speed Distribution
Temperature ~ Average KE of each particle Particles have different speeds Gas Particles are in constant RANDOM motion Average KE of each particle is: 3/2 kt Pressure is due to momentum transfer Speed Distribution
More informationLecture Ch. 2a. Lord Kelvin (a.k.a William Thomson) James P. Joule. Other Kinds of Energy What is the difference between E and U? Exact Differentials
Lecture Ch. a Energy and heat capacity State functions or exact differentials Internal energy vs. enthalpy st Law of thermodynamics Relate heat, work, energy Heat/work cycles (and path integrals) Energy
More informationTHERMODYNAMICS. Chapter Twelve MCQ I
Chapter welve HERMODYNAMICS MCQ I. An ideal gas undergoes four different processes from the same initial state (Fig..). Four processes are adiabatic, isothermal, isobaric and isochoric. Out of,, and 4
More informationChapter 14 Kinetic Theory
Chapter 14 Kinetic Theory Kinetic Theory of Gases A remarkable triumph of molecular theory was showing that the macroscopic properties of an ideal gas are related to the molecular properties. This is the
More information16-1. Sections Covered in the Text: Chapter 17. Example Problem 16-1 Estimating the Thermal Energy of a gas. Energy Revisited
Heat and Work Sections Covered in the Text: Chapter 17 In this note we continue our study of matter in bulk. Here we investigate the connection between work and heat in bulk matter. Work and heat are both
More informationChapter 2 Carnot Principle
Chapter 2 Carnot Principle 2.1 Temperature 2.1.1 Isothermal Process When two bodies are placed in thermal contact, the hotter body gives off heat to the colder body. As long as the temperatures are different,
More informationPHYSICS 715 COURSE NOTES WEEK 1
PHYSICS 715 COURSE NOTES WEEK 1 1 Thermodynamics 1.1 Introduction When we start to study physics, we learn about particle motion. First one particle, then two. It is dismaying to learn that the motion
More informationMolecules and Condensed Matter
Chapter 42 Molecules and Condensed Matter PowerPoint Lectures for University Physics, Thirteenth Edition Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman Lectures by Wayne Anderson Goals for Chapter 42 To understand
More informationFirst Law of Thermo.
Quiz 8, MONDAY Please send me an email ASAP if you are away Monday, Nov. 25. You can take the quiz on Friday Nov 22, during your usual time. (You ll have to miss the Friday lecture). First Law of Thermo.
More informationSources of Magnetic Field
Chapter 28 Sources of Magnetic Field PowerPoint Lectures for University Physics, Thirteenth Edition Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman Lectures by Wayne Anderson Goals for Chapter 28 To determine the
More informationMinimum Bias Events at ATLAS
Camille Bélanger-Champagne McGill University Lehman College City University of New York Thermodynamics Charged Particle and Statistical Correlations Mechanics in Minimum Bias Events at ATLAS Thermodynamics
More information