Elliptic Curves. Akhil Mathew (Department of Mathematics Drew UniversityElliptic MathCurves 155, Professor Alan Candiotti) 10 Dec.
|
|
- Aubrey Randall
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Elliptic Curves Akhil Mathew Department of Mathematics Drew University Math 155, Professor Alan Candiotti 10 Dec Akhil Mathew (Department of Mathematics Drew UniversityElliptic MathCurves 155, Professor Alan Candiotti) 10 Dec / 19
2 What is an Elliptic Curve? An elliptic curve is the locus of solutions of an equation of the form y 2 = x 3 + Ax + B, where for nonsingularity 4A B 2 0. There is also a point at infinity (not shown). Figure: The elliptic curve y 2 = x 3 x Akhil Mathew (Department of Mathematics Drew UniversityElliptic MathCurves 155, Professor Alan Candiotti) 10 Dec / 19
3 The Addition Law To add points M 1,M 2, draw the line D through them. Find the third intersection P of the line with the curve. Flip P over the x-axis to get M 3 = M 1 + M 2. Figure: The group law on an elliptic curve from [1] Akhil Mathew (Department of Mathematics Drew UniversityElliptic MathCurves 155, Professor Alan Candiotti) 10 Dec / 19
4 Properties of the Group Law Theorem Addition is commutative and associative. In fact under the addition law, with the point at infinity as zero, an elliptic curve is an abelian group. Proof. Addition in an elliptic curve corresponds roughly to addition in the divisor class group (i.e. using algebraic geometry, cf. [4]). In the complex case, we will show another proof. Akhil Mathew (Department of Mathematics Drew UniversityElliptic MathCurves 155, Professor Alan Candiotti) 10 Dec / 19
5 Examples of the Addition Law Example The origin O is the point at infinity. Example If P is a point, then P is P flipped over the x-axis. P P Figure: An illustration of the preceding examples Akhil Mathew (Department of Mathematics Drew UniversityElliptic MathCurves 155, Professor Alan Candiotti) 10 Dec / 19
6 Elliptic Curves over the Complex Numbers Let S 1 = R/Z be the unit circle. Theorem An elliptic curve E over the complex numbers is group-isomorphic to the torus S 1 S 1, cf. [3]. Figure: A torus from [2] Akhil Mathew (Department of Mathematics Drew UniversityElliptic MathCurves 155, Professor Alan Candiotti) 10 Dec / 19
7 Lattices A lattice L C is a discrete free abelian subgroup of rank 2. Then C/L is a torus and a complex Riemann surface. Figure: A lattice One can construct a lattice L C such that E = C/L topologically, analytically, and group-theoretically. Akhil Mathew (Department of Mathematics Drew UniversityElliptic MathCurves 155, Professor Alan Candiotti) 10 Dec / 19
8 An Overview of the Proof Overview of Proof. The isomorphism is given by Weierstrass -functions: z ( (z;l), (z;l)). The Weierstrass -function is defined specifically as: (z;l) = 1 z 2 + ω L,ω 0 1 (z ω) 2 1 ω 2. functions are doubly periodic and meromorphic (i.e. elliptic). Hence they are defined as a map of C/L S 2 (S 2 being the Riemann sphere). The addition law for Weierstrass- functions is basically the theorem. Akhil Mathew (Department of Mathematics Drew UniversityElliptic MathCurves 155, Professor Alan Candiotti) 10 Dec / 19
9 Torsion Points over Elliptic Curves E is an elliptic curve over C, E = C/L = S 1 S 1 as groups. We want points P E of order m, i.e. such that mp = 0 and np 0 if 0 < n < m. The points in S 1 S 1 of order dividing m are of the form (z 1,z 2 ) for z 1,z 2 m-th roots of unity. Hence: Theorem There are m 2 points of order dividing m, and they form a group E[m] isomorphic to Z/mZ Z/mZ. In general, this is true over any algebraically closed field. Akhil Mathew (Department of Mathematics Drew UniversityElliptic MathCurves 155, Professor Alan Candiotti) 10 Dec / 19
10 Example: 2-Torsion Points If 2P = 0, then P = P, so P has y-coordinate zero or P is the point at infinity. This characterizes all 2-torsion points. There are three ways for y = 0 in the equation y 2 = P(x),P a cubic polynomial (Fundamental Theorem of Algebra), and we throw in the point at infinity to get: Theorem There are 4 points of order dividing 2. Akhil Mathew (Department of Mathematics Drew UniversityElliptic MathCurves 155, Professor Alan Candiotti) 10 Dec / 19
11 Points over Number Fields Let F be a number field, i.e. of finite degree over Q. We have an elliptic curve E : y 2 = x 3 + Ax + B, A,B F, and we want points (x,y) F 2. The set of such points forms a subgroup E(F) E. Theorem (Mordell-Weil) The group E(F) is finitely generated if F is a number field. Hence there exist x 1,...,x n E(F) which span E(F), i.e. generate the group. Akhil Mathew (Department of Mathematics Drew UniversityElliptic MathCurves 155, Professor Alan Candiotti) 10 Dec / 19
12 Rational Torsion Points Let E be an elliptic curve over Q, of the form y 2 = x 3 + Ax + B, A,B Z. By the Mordell-Weil theorem, the subgroup of rational torsion points on E is finite. Theorem (Nagell-Lutz; not too difficult) All rational torsion points (x,y) have integral coordinates. Also, if y 0, then y 2 4A B 2. In general, Theorem (Mazur; very difficult) The subgroup of rational torsion points has order 12. Akhil Mathew (Department of Mathematics Drew UniversityElliptic MathCurves 155, Professor Alan Candiotti) 10 Dec / 19
13 Integral Points Fix an elliptic curve: E : y 2 = x 3 + Ax + B, A,B Q. We want integral points (x,y) Z 2 E. Theorem (Siegel) Let E be an elliptic curve as above. Then E Z 2 is finite. Hence, if k Z, the number of integral solutions (x,y) to y 2 = x 3 + k, k 0 is finite. If k = 2, only the solutions (±5,3) exist, as shown by Euler. Akhil Mathew (Department of Mathematics Drew UniversityElliptic MathCurves 155, Professor Alan Candiotti) 10 Dec / 19
14 Extensions An algebraic number x Q al is called integral if x satisfies an equation x n + a 1 x n a n = 0, a j Z. Let K be a number field, and let E be an elliptic curve defined over K. Theorem (Siegel) If K is a number field, and B the set of integral elements, then E B 2 is finite. Akhil Mathew (Department of Mathematics Drew UniversityElliptic MathCurves 155, Professor Alan Candiotti) 10 Dec / 19
15 Roth s Theorem The proof of Siegel s theorem uses an approximation theorem of Roth: Theorem (Roth) If α is algebraic irrational and C,ɛ > 0, then there exist only finitely many (m,n) Z 2 with α m 1 n Cn 2+ɛ. There is an easier weaker result: Theorem (Liouville) Let α be irrational. Let d = deg α = [Q(α) : Q]. Then there exists η = η(α) > 0 such that for all m,n Z (say n > 0) α m η n n d. Akhil Mathew (Department of Mathematics Drew UniversityElliptic MathCurves 155, Professor Alan Candiotti) 10 Dec / 19
16 The Proof of Liouville s Theorem Proof. Let f be the irreducible polynomial of α over Q. If m n is close to α, we have roughly ( m ) ( f m ) f = f (α) m n n n α by the mean value theorem (f (α) 0). Hence n d m ( n α n d m ) f, n and the latter is a nonzero integer so 1. Akhil Mathew (Department of Mathematics Drew UniversityElliptic MathCurves 155, Professor Alan Candiotti) 10 Dec / 19
17 Why Diophantine Approximation is Important Consider the equation x 3 2y 3 = 1, x,y Z, or, with ρ a primitive cube root of unity, ( x y 3 )( x 2 y ρ 3 )( x 2 y ) ρ2 3 2 = 1 y 3. If y gets large, then one of the terms must get small, and the others are bounded below, so for some k,c > 0 x y ρk 3 2 c y 3, which proves that y cannot get arbitrarily large, and that the number of solutions to the initial equation is finite. This is the idea behind one proof of Siegel s theorem. Akhil Mathew (Department of Mathematics Drew UniversityElliptic MathCurves 155, Professor Alan Candiotti) 10 Dec / 19
18 Conclusion Elliptic curves appear in diverse contexts: A commutative and associative addition law that makes an elliptic curve an abelian group Over C, isomorphic to tori Over number fields F, finite generation of F-rational points (Mordell-Weil) Over number fields, finite number of rational torsion points (Nagell-Lutz and Mazur) At most finitely many integral points (Siegel, using Diophantine approximation) Further extensions: Elliptic curves over finite fields: estimates on the number of points Elliptic curves over local (e.g. p-adic) fields Endomorphisms of elliptic curves and complex multiplication Akhil Mathew (Department of Mathematics Drew UniversityElliptic MathCurves 155, Professor Alan Candiotti) 10 Dec / 19
19 Sources Neal Koblitz. Introduction to Elliptic Curves and Modular Forms. Springer, Joseph Silverman. The Arithmetic of Elliptic Curves. Springer, Akhil Mathew (Department of Mathematics Drew UniversityElliptic MathCurves 155, Professor Alan Candiotti) 10 Dec / 19
On the Torsion Subgroup of an Elliptic Curve
S.U.R.E. Presentation October 15, 2010 Linear Equations Consider line ax + by = c with a, b, c Z Integer points exist iff gcd(a, b) c If two points are rational, line connecting them has rational slope.
More informationAlgebraic Geometry: Elliptic Curves and 2 Theorems
Algebraic Geometry: Elliptic Curves and 2 Theorems Chris Zhu Mentor: Chun Hong Lo MIT PRIMES December 7, 2018 Chris Zhu Elliptic Curves and 2 Theorems December 7, 2018 1 / 16 Rational Parametrization Plane
More informationLECTURE 2 FRANZ LEMMERMEYER
LECTURE 2 FRANZ LEMMERMEYER Last time we have seen that the proof of Fermat s Last Theorem for the exponent 4 provides us with two elliptic curves (y 2 = x 3 + x and y 2 = x 3 4x) in the guise of the quartic
More informationIntroduction to Elliptic Curves
IAS/Park City Mathematics Series Volume XX, XXXX Introduction to Elliptic Curves Alice Silverberg Introduction Why study elliptic curves? Solving equations is a classical problem with a long history. Starting
More informationIntroduction to Arithmetic Geometry
Introduction to Arithmetic Geometry 18.782 Andrew V. Sutherland September 5, 2013 What is arithmetic geometry? Arithmetic geometry applies the techniques of algebraic geometry to problems in number theory
More informationIntroduction to Arithmetic Geometry Fall 2013 Lecture #24 12/03/2013
18.78 Introduction to Arithmetic Geometry Fall 013 Lecture #4 1/03/013 4.1 Isogenies of elliptic curves Definition 4.1. Let E 1 /k and E /k be elliptic curves with distinguished rational points O 1 and
More informationElliptic Curves, Group Schemes,
Elliptic Curves, Group Schemes, and Mazur s Theorem A thesis submitted by Alexander B. Schwartz to the Department of Mathematics in partial fulfillment of the honors requirements for the degree of Bachelor
More informationCONGRUENT NUMBERS AND ELLIPTIC CURVES
CONGRUENT NUMBERS AND ELLIPTIC CURVES JIM BROWN Abstract. In this short paper we consider congruent numbers and how they give rise to elliptic curves. We will begin with very basic notions before moving
More informationCOMPLEX MULTIPLICATION: LECTURE 15
COMPLEX MULTIPLICATION: LECTURE 15 Proposition 01 Let φ : E 1 E 2 be a non-constant isogeny, then #φ 1 (0) = deg s φ where deg s is the separable degree of φ Proof Silverman III 410 Exercise: i) Consider
More informationarxiv: v2 [math.nt] 23 Sep 2011
ELLIPTIC DIVISIBILITY SEQUENCES, SQUARES AND CUBES arxiv:1101.3839v2 [math.nt] 23 Sep 2011 Abstract. Elliptic divisibility sequences (EDSs) are generalizations of a class of integer divisibility sequences
More informationElliptic Curves: Theory and Application
s Phillips Exeter Academy Dec. 5th, 2018 Why Elliptic Curves Matter The study of elliptic curves has always been of deep interest, with focus on the points on an elliptic curve with coe cients in certain
More informationTHE TATE MODULE. Seminar: Elliptic curves and the Weil conjecture. Yassin Mousa. Z p
THE TATE MODULE Seminar: Elliptic curves and the Weil conjecture Yassin Mousa Abstract This paper refers to the 10th talk in the seminar Elliptic curves and the Weil conjecture supervised by Prof. Dr.
More informationOutline of the Seminar Topics on elliptic curves Saarbrücken,
Outline of the Seminar Topics on elliptic curves Saarbrücken, 11.09.2017 Contents A Number theory and algebraic geometry 2 B Elliptic curves 2 1 Rational points on elliptic curves (Mordell s Theorem) 5
More information15 Elliptic curves and Fermat s last theorem
15 Elliptic curves and Fermat s last theorem Let q > 3 be a prime (and later p will be a prime which has no relation which q). Suppose that there exists a non-trivial integral solution to the Diophantine
More informationAN INTRODUCTION TO ELLIPTIC CURVES
AN INTRODUCTION TO ELLIPTIC CURVES MACIEJ ULAS.. First definitions and properties.. Generalities on elliptic curves Definition.. An elliptic curve is a pair (E, O), where E is curve of genus and O E. We
More informationThe p-adic Numbers. Akhil Mathew. 4 May Math 155, Professor Alan Candiotti
The p-adic Numbers Akhil Mathew Math 155, Professor Alan Candiotti 4 May 2009 Akhil Mathew (Math 155, Professor Alan Candiotti) The p-adic Numbers 4 May 2009 1 / 17 The standard absolute value on R: A
More informationTHERE ARE NO ELLIPTIC CURVES DEFINED OVER Q WITH POINTS OF ORDER 11
THERE ARE NO ELLIPTIC CURVES DEFINED OVER Q WITH POINTS OF ORDER 11 ALLAN LACY 1. Introduction If E is an elliptic curve over Q, the set of rational points E(Q), form a group of finite type (Mordell-Weil
More informationElliptic curves and modularity
Elliptic curves and modularity For background and (most) proofs, we refer to [1]. 1 Weierstrass models Let K be any field. For any a 1, a 2, a 3, a 4, a 6 K consider the plane projective curve C given
More informationSome new families of positive-rank elliptic curves arising from Pythagorean triples
Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics Print ISSN 1310 5132, Online ISSN 2367 8275 Vol. 24, 2018, No. 3, 27 36 DOI: 10.7546/nntdm.2018.24.3.27-36 Some new families of positive-rank elliptic curves
More informationWhy Should I Care About Elliptic Curves?
Why Should I Care About? Edray Herber Goins Department of Mathematics Purdue University August 7, 2009 Abstract An elliptic curve E possessing a rational point is an arithmetic-algebraic object: It is
More informationABEL S THEOREM BEN DRIBUS
ABEL S THEOREM BEN DRIBUS Abstract. Abel s Theorem is a classical result in the theory of Riemann surfaces. Important in its own right, Abel s Theorem and related ideas generalize to shed light on subjects
More informationCongruent Number Problem and Elliptic curves
Congruent Number Problem and Elliptic curves December 12, 2010 Contents 1 Congruent Number problem 2 1.1 1 is not a congruent number.................................. 2 2 Certain Elliptic Curves 4 3 Using
More informationArithmetic Progressions Over Quadratic Fields
Arithmetic Progressions Over Quadratic Fields Alexander Diaz, Zachary Flores, Markus Vasquez July 2010 Abstract In 1640 Pierre De Fermat proposed to Bernard Frenicle de Bessy the problem of showing that
More informationTorsion Points of Elliptic Curves Over Number Fields
Torsion Points of Elliptic Curves Over Number Fields Christine Croll A thesis presented to the faculty of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor
More informationElliptic Curves and Elliptic Functions
Elliptic Curves and Elliptic Functions ARASH ISLAMI Professor: Dr. Chung Pang Mok McMaster University - Math 790 June 7, 01 Abstract Elliptic curves are algebraic curves of genus 1 which can be embedded
More informationElliptic Nets and Points on Elliptic Curves
Department of Mathematics Brown University http://www.math.brown.edu/~stange/ Algorithmic Number Theory, Turku, Finland, 2007 Outline Geometry and Recurrence Sequences 1 Geometry and Recurrence Sequences
More informationThe ABC Conjecture and its Consequences on Curves
The ABC Conjecture and its Consequences on Curves Sachi Hashimoto University of Michigan Fall 2014 1 Introduction 1.1 Pythagorean Triples We begin with a problem that most high school students have seen
More informationDiophantine equations and beyond
Diophantine equations and beyond lecture King Faisal prize 2014 Gerd Faltings Max Planck Institute for Mathematics 31.3.2014 G. Faltings (MPIM) Diophantine equations and beyond 31.3.2014 1 / 23 Introduction
More informationCounting points on elliptic curves: Hasse s theorem and recent developments
Counting points on elliptic curves: Hasse s theorem and recent developments Igor Tolkov June 3, 009 Abstract We introduce the the elliptic curve and the problem of counting the number of points on the
More informationPoints of Finite Order
Points of Finite Order Alex Tao 23 June 2008 1 Points of Order Two and Three If G is a group with respect to multiplication and g is an element of G then the order of g is the minimum positive integer
More informationTheorem 6.1 The addition defined above makes the points of E into an abelian group with O as the identity element. Proof. Let s assume that K is
6 Elliptic curves Elliptic curves are not ellipses. The name comes from the elliptic functions arising from the integrals used to calculate the arc length of ellipses. Elliptic curves can be parametrised
More informationp-adic Properites of Elliptic Divisibility Sequences Joseph H. Silverman
p-adic Properites of Elliptic Divisibility Sequences Joseph H. Silverman Brown University ICMS Workshop on Number Theory and Computability Edinburgh, Scotland Wednesday, June 27, 2007 0 Elliptic Divisibility
More informationModern Number Theory: Rank of Elliptic Curves
Modern Number Theory: Rank of Elliptic Curves Department of Mathematics University of California, Irvine October 24, 2007 Rank of Outline 1 Introduction Basics Algebraic Structure 2 The Problem Relation
More informationA tour through Elliptic Divisibility Sequences
A tour through Elliptic Divisibility Sequences Victor S. Miller CCR Princeton Princeton, NJ 08540 15 April 2010 Points and their denominators Let E : y 2 + a 1 xy + a 3 y = x 3 + a 2 x 2 + a 4 x + a 6
More informationGALOIS GROUPS ATTACHED TO POINTS OF FINITE ORDER ON ELLIPTIC CURVES OVER NUMBER FIELDS (D APRÈS SERRE)
GALOIS GROUPS ATTACHED TO POINTS OF FINITE ORDER ON ELLIPTIC CURVES OVER NUMBER FIELDS (D APRÈS SERRE) JACQUES VÉLU 1. Introduction Let E be an elliptic curve defined over a number field K and equipped
More informationCongruent number elliptic curves of high rank
Michaela Klopf, BSc Congruent number elliptic curves of high rank MASTER S THESIS to achieve the university degree of Diplom-Ingenieurin Master s degree programme: Mathematical Computer Science submitted
More informationElliptic Curves, Factorization, and Cryptography
Elliptic Curves, Factorization, and Cryptography Brian Rhee MIT PRIMES May 19, 2017 RATIONAL POINTS ON CONICS The following procedure yields the set of rational points on a conic C given an initial rational
More informationElliptic Curves and the abc Conjecture
Elliptic Curves and the abc Conjecture Anton Hilado University of Vermont October 16, 2018 Anton Hilado (UVM) Elliptic Curves and the abc Conjecture October 16, 2018 1 / 37 Overview 1 The abc conjecture
More informationCONICS - A POOR MAN S ELLIPTIC CURVES arxiv:math/ v1 [math.nt] 18 Nov 2003
CONICS - A POOR MAN S ELLIPTIC CURVES arxiv:math/0311306v1 [math.nt] 18 Nov 2003 FRANZ LEMMERMEYER Contents Introduction 2 1. The Group Law on Pell Conics and Elliptic Curves 2 1.1. Group Law on Conics
More informationOn a Problem of Steinhaus
MM Research Preprints, 186 193 MMRC, AMSS, Academia, Sinica, Beijing No. 22, December 2003 On a Problem of Steinhaus DeLi Lei and Hong Du Key Lab of Mathematics Mechanization Institute of Systems Science,
More informationLecture 2: Elliptic curves
Lecture 2: Elliptic curves This lecture covers the basics of elliptic curves. I begin with a brief review of algebraic curves. I then define elliptic curves, and talk about their group structure and defining
More informationFORMAL GROUPS OF CERTAIN Q-CURVES OVER QUADRATIC FIELDS
Sairaiji, F. Osaka J. Math. 39 (00), 3 43 FORMAL GROUPS OF CERTAIN Q-CURVES OVER QUADRATIC FIELDS FUMIO SAIRAIJI (Received March 4, 000) 1. Introduction Let be an elliptic curve over Q. We denote by ˆ
More informationAbelian Varieties and Complex Tori: A Tale of Correspondence
Abelian Varieties and Complex Tori: A Tale of Correspondence Nate Bushek March 12, 2012 Introduction: This is an expository presentation on an area of personal interest, not expertise. I will use results
More informationTHE MORDELL-WEIL THEOREM FOR Q
THE MORDELL-WEIL THEOREM FOR Q NICOLAS FORD Abstract. An elliptic curve is a specific type of algebraic curve on which one may impose the structure of an abelian group with many desirable properties. The
More information1 What is an elliptic curve?
A Whirlwind Tour of Elliptic Curves In this talk I aim to discuss as many interesting aspects of elliptic curves as possible. Note that interesting means (of course) what I, the speaker, think is interesting,
More informationComputing a Lower Bound for the Canonical Height on Elliptic Curves over Q
Computing a Lower Bound for the Canonical Height on Elliptic Curves over Q John Cremona 1 and Samir Siksek 2 1 School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7
More informationCongruent Numbers, Elliptic Curves, and Elliptic Functions
Congruent Numbers, Elliptic Curves, and Elliptic Functions Seongjin Cho (Josh) June 6, 203 Contents Introduction 2 2 Congruent Numbers 2 2. A certain cubic equation..................... 4 3 Congruent Numbers
More informationArithmetic Progressions over Quadratic Fields
uadratic Fields ( D) Alexer Díaz University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Zachary Flores Michigan State University Markus Oklahoma State University Mathematical Sciences Research Institute Undergraduate Program
More informationIntroduction to Arithmetic Geometry Fall 2013 Lecture #23 11/26/2013
18.782 Introduction to Arithmetic Geometry Fall 2013 Lecture #23 11/26/2013 As usual, a curve is a smooth projective (geometrically irreducible) variety of dimension one and k is a perfect field. 23.1
More informationProjects on elliptic curves and modular forms
Projects on elliptic curves and modular forms Math 480, Spring 2010 In the following are 11 projects for this course. Some of the projects are rather ambitious and may very well be the topic of a master
More informationELLIPTIC CURVES SEMINAR: SIEGEL S THEOREM
ELLIPTIC CURVES SEMINAR: SIEGEL S THEOREM EVAN WARNER 1. Siegel s Theorem over Q 1.1. Statement of theorems. Siegel s theorem, in its simplest form, is the fact that a nonsingular elliptic curve contains
More informationPart II. Riemann Surfaces. Year
Part II Year 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2018 96 Paper 2, Section II 23F State the uniformisation theorem. List without proof the Riemann surfaces which are uniformised
More informationComputing the image of Galois
Computing the image of Galois Andrew V. Sutherland Massachusetts Institute of Technology October 9, 2014 Andrew Sutherland (MIT) Computing the image of Galois 1 of 25 Elliptic curves Let E be an elliptic
More informationCOMPLEX MULTIPLICATION: LECTURE 14
COMPLEX MULTIPLICATION: LECTURE 14 Proposition 0.1. Let K be any field. i) Two elliptic curves over K are isomorphic if and only if they have the same j-invariant. ii) For any j 0 K, there exists an elliptic
More informationIntegral points of a modular curve of level 11. by René Schoof and Nikos Tzanakis
June 23, 2011 Integral points of a modular curve of level 11 by René Schoof and Nikos Tzanakis Abstract. Using lower bounds for linear forms in elliptic logarithms we determine the integral points of the
More informationThe p-adic Numbers. Akhil Mathew
The p-adic Numbers Akhil Mathew ABSTRACT These are notes for the presentation I am giving today, which itself is intended to conclude the independent study on algebraic number theory I took with Professor
More informationThe Congruent Number Problem and the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture. Florence Walton MMathPhil
The Congruent Number Problem and the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture Florence Walton MMathPhil Hilary Term 015 Abstract This dissertation will consider the congruent number problem (CNP), the problem
More informationElliptic Functions. Introduction
Elliptic Functions Introduction 1 0.1 What is an elliptic function Elliptic function = Doubly periodic meromorphic function on C. Too simple object? Indeed, in most of modern textbooks on the complex analysis,
More informationRAMIFIED PRIMES IN THE FIELD OF DEFINITION FOR THE MORDELL-WEIL GROUP OF AN ELLIPTIC SURFACE
PROCEEDINGS of the AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY Volume 116. Number 4, December 1992 RAMIFIED PRIMES IN THE FIELD OF DEFINITION FOR THE MORDELL-WEIL GROUP OF AN ELLIPTIC SURFACE MASATO KUWATA (Communicated
More informationLECTURE 7, WEDNESDAY
LECTURE 7, WEDNESDAY 25.02.04 FRANZ LEMMERMEYER 1. Singular Weierstrass Curves Consider cubic curves in Weierstraß form (1) E : y 2 + a 1 xy + a 3 y = x 3 + a 2 x 2 + a 4 x + a 6, the coefficients a i
More informationAN INTRODUCTION TO ARITHMETIC AND RIEMANN SURFACE. We describe points on the unit circle with coordinate satisfying
AN INTRODUCTION TO ARITHMETIC AND RIEMANN SURFACE 1. RATIONAL POINTS ON CIRCLE We start by asking us: How many integers x, y, z) can satisfy x 2 + y 2 = z 2? Can we describe all of them? First we can divide
More informationElliptic Curves and Mordell s Theorem
Elliptic Curves and Mordell s Theorem Aurash Vatan, Andrew Yao MIT PRIMES December 16, 2017 Diophantine Equations Definition (Diophantine Equations) Diophantine Equations are polynomials of two or more
More informationCONSTRUCTION OF HIGH-RANK ELLIPTIC CURVES WITH A NONTRIVIAL TORSION POINT
MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTATION Volume 66, Number 217, January 1997, Pages 411 415 S 0025-5718(97)00779-5 CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH-RANK ELLIPTIC CURVES WITH A NONTRIVIAL TORSION POINT KOH-ICHI NAGAO Abstract. We
More informationElliptic curves over function fields 1
Elliptic curves over function fields 1 Douglas Ulmer and July 6, 2009 Goals for this lecture series: Explain old results of Tate and others on the BSD conjecture over function fields Show how certain classes
More informationThe Kummer Pairing. Alexander J. Barrios Purdue University. 12 September 2013
The Kummer Pairing Alexander J. Barrios Purdue University 12 September 2013 Preliminaries Theorem 1 (Artin. Let ψ 1, ψ 2,..., ψ n be distinct group homomorphisms from a group G into K, where K is a field.
More informationChern numbers and Hilbert Modular Varieties
Chern numbers and Hilbert Modular Varieties Dylan Attwell-Duval Department of Mathematics and Statistics McGill University Montreal, Quebec attwellduval@math.mcgill.ca April 9, 2011 A Topological Point
More informationOn the Diophantine Equation x 4 +y 4 +z 4 +t 4 = w 2
1 3 47 6 3 11 Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 17 (014), Article 14.11.5 On the Diophantine Equation x 4 +y 4 +z 4 +t 4 = w Alejandra Alvarado Eastern Illinois University Department of Mathematics and
More informationCONGRUENT NUMBERS AND ELLIPTIC CURVES
CONGRUENT NUMBERS AND ELLIPTIC CURVES JIM BROWN Abstract. These are essentially the lecture notes from a section on congruent numbers and elliptic curves taught in my introductory number theory class at
More informationElliptic curves and Hilbert s Tenth Problem
Elliptic curves and Hilbert s Tenth Problem Karl Rubin, UC Irvine MAA @ UC Irvine October 16, 2010 Karl Rubin Elliptic curves and Hilbert s Tenth Problem MAA, October 2010 1 / 40 Elliptic curves An elliptic
More informationAnatomy of torsion in the CM case
Anatomy of torsion in the CM case (joint work with Abbey Bourdon and Pete L. Clark) Paul Pollack Illinois Number Theory Conference 2015 August 14, 2015 1 of 27 This talk is a report on some recent work
More informationAlgorithm for Concordant Forms
Algorithm for Concordant Forms Hagen Knaf, Erich Selder, Karlheinz Spindler 1 Introduction It is well known that the determination of the Mordell-Weil group of an elliptic curve is a difficult problem.
More informationBjorn Poonen. MSRI Introductory Workshop on Rational and Integral Points on Higher-dimensional Varieties. January 17, 2006
University of California at Berkeley MSRI Introductory Workshop on Rational and Integral Points on Higher-dimensional (organized by Jean-Louis Colliot-Thélène, Roger Heath-Brown, János Kollár,, Alice Silverberg,
More informationElliptic Curve Cryptosystems
Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems Santiago Paiva santiago.paiva@mail.mcgill.ca McGill University April 25th, 2013 Abstract The application of elliptic curves in the field of cryptography has significantly improved
More informationConstructing genus 2 curves over finite fields
Constructing genus 2 curves over finite fields Kirsten Eisenträger The Pennsylvania State University Fq12, Saratoga Springs July 15, 2015 1 / 34 Curves and cryptography RSA: most widely used public key
More informationRATIONAL POINTS ON CURVES. Contents
RATIONAL POINTS ON CURVES BLANCA VIÑA PATIÑO Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Algebraic Curves 2 3. Genus 0 3 4. Genus 1 7 4.1. Group of E(Q) 7 4.2. Mordell-Weil Theorem 8 5. Genus 2 10 6. Uniformity of Rational
More informationIntroduction to Modular Forms
Introduction to Modular Forms Lectures by Dipendra Prasad Written by Sagar Shrivastava School and Workshop on Modular Forms and Black Holes (January 5-14, 2017) National Institute of Science Education
More informationDivisibility Sequences for Elliptic Curves with Complex Multiplication
Divisibility Sequences for Elliptic Curves with Complex Multiplication Master s thesis, Universiteit Utrecht supervisor: Gunther Cornelissen Universiteit Leiden Journées Arithmétiques, Edinburgh, July
More informationA WHIRLWIND TOUR BEYOND QUADRATICS Steven J. Wilson, JCCC Professor of Mathematics KAMATYC, Wichita, March 4, 2017
b x1 u v a 9abc b 7a d 7a d b c 4ac 4b d 18abcd u 4 b 1 i 1 i 54a 108a x u v where a 9abc b 7a d 7a d b c 4ac 4b d 18abcd v 4 b 1 i 1 i 54a x u v 108a a //017 A WHIRLWIND TOUR BEYOND QUADRATICS Steven
More informationFactoring the Duplication Map on Elliptic Curves for use in Rank Computations
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont Scripps Senior Theses Scripps Student Scholarship 2013 Factoring the Duplication Map on Elliptic Curves for use in Rank Computations Tracy Layden Scripps College
More informationON A FAMILY OF ELLIPTIC CURVES
UNIVERSITATIS IAGELLONICAE ACTA MATHEMATICA, FASCICULUS XLIII 005 ON A FAMILY OF ELLIPTIC CURVES by Anna Antoniewicz Abstract. The main aim of this paper is to put a lower bound on the rank of elliptic
More informationCounting points on elliptic curves over F q
Counting points on elliptic curves over F q Christiane Peters DIAMANT-Summer School on Elliptic and Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptography September 17, 2008 p.2 Motivation Given an elliptic curve E over a finite
More informationSome. Manin-Mumford. Problems
Some Manin-Mumford Problems S. S. Grant 1 Key to Stark s proof of his conjectures over imaginary quadratic fields was the construction of elliptic units. A basic approach to elliptic units is as follows.
More informationarxiv: v1 [math.nt] 11 Aug 2016
INTEGERS REPRESENTABLE AS THE PRODUCT OF THE SUM OF FOUR INTEGERS WITH THE SUM OF THEIR RECIPROCALS arxiv:160803382v1 [mathnt] 11 Aug 2016 YONG ZHANG Abstract By the theory of elliptic curves we study
More informationElliptic curves, Factorization and Primality Testing Notes for talks given at London South bank University 7, 14 & 21 November 2007 Tony Forbes
Elliptic curves, Factorization and Primality Testing Notes for talks given at London South bank University 7, 14 & 21 November 2007 Tony Forbes ADF34C 3.3.3A PLANE CURVES, AFFINE AND PROJECTIVE Let K be
More information15 Dirichlet s unit theorem
18.785 Number theory I Fall 2017 Lecture #15 10/30/2017 15 Dirichlet s unit theorem Let K be a number field. The two main theorems of classical algebraic number theory are: The class group cl O K is finite.
More informationarxiv: v1 [math.nt] 31 Dec 2011
arxiv:1201.0266v1 [math.nt] 31 Dec 2011 Elliptic curves with large torsion and positive rank over number fields of small degree and ECM factorization Andrej Dujella and Filip Najman Abstract In this paper,
More informationFall 2004 Homework 7 Solutions
18.704 Fall 2004 Homework 7 Solutions All references are to the textbook Rational Points on Elliptic Curves by Silverman and Tate, Springer Verlag, 1992. Problems marked (*) are more challenging exercises
More informationTopics in Number Theory: Elliptic Curves
Topics in Number Theory: Elliptic Curves Yujo Chen April 29, 2016 C O N T E N T S 0.1 Motivation 3 0.2 Summary and Purpose 3 1 algebraic varieties 5 1.1 Affine Varieties 5 1.2 Projective Varieties 7 1.3
More informationFiniteness of the Moderate Rational Points of Once-punctured Elliptic Curves. Yuichiro Hoshi
Hokkaido Mathematical Journal ol. 45 (2016) p. 271 291 Finiteness of the Moderate Rational Points of Once-punctured Elliptic Curves uichiro Hoshi (Received February 28, 2014; Revised June 12, 2014) Abstract.
More informationFay s Trisecant Identity
Fay s Trisecant Identity Gus Schrader University of California, Berkeley guss@math.berkeley.edu December 4, 2011 Gus Schrader (UC Berkeley) Fay s Trisecant Identity December 4, 2011 1 / 31 Motivation Fay
More informationTopics in Number Theory
Topics in Number Theory THE UNIVERSITY SERIES IN MATHEMATICS Series Editor: Joseph J. Kohn Princeton University THE CLASSIFICATION OF FINITE SIMPLE GROUPS Daniel Gorenstein VOLUME 1: GROUPS OF NONCHARACTERISTIC
More informationNumber Theory in Cryptology
Number Theory in Cryptology Abhijit Das Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur October 15, 2011 What is Number Theory? Theory of natural numbers N = {1,
More informationFOUNDATIONS OF ALGEBRAIC GEOMETRY CLASS 48
FOUNDATIONS OF ALGEBRAIC GEOMETRY CLASS 48 RAVI VAKIL CONTENTS 1. A little more about cubic plane curves 1 2. Line bundles of degree 4, and Poncelet s Porism 1 3. Fun counterexamples using elliptic curves
More informationRiemann surfaces with extra automorphisms and endomorphism rings of their Jacobians
Riemann surfaces with extra automorphisms and endomorphism rings of their Jacobians T. Shaska Oakland University Rochester, MI, 48309 April 14, 2018 Problem Let X be an algebraic curve defined over a field
More informationApplications of Complex Multiplication of Elliptic Curves
Applications of Complex Multiplication of Elliptic Curves MASTER THESIS Candidate: Massimo CHENAL Supervisor: Prof. Jean-Marc COUVEIGNES UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA UNIVERSITÉ BORDEAUX 1 Facoltà di
More informationIgusa Class Polynomials
Genus 2 day, Intercity Number Theory Seminar Utrecht, April 18th 2008 Overview Igusa class polynomials are the genus 2 analogue of the classical Hilbert class polynomial. For each notion, I will 1. tell
More information15 Elliptic curves over C (part I)
8.783 Elliptic Curves Spring 07 Lecture #5 04/05/07 5 Elliptic curves over C (part I) We now consider elliptic curves over the complex numbers. Our main tool will be the correspondence between elliptic
More informationTorsion subgroups of rational elliptic curves over the compositum of all cubic fields
Torsion subgroups of rational elliptic curves over the compositum of all cubic fields Andrew V. Sutherland Massachusetts Institute of Technology April 7, 2016 joint work with Harris B. Daniels, Álvaro
More informationAn invitation to log geometry p.1
An invitation to log geometry James M c Kernan UCSB An invitation to log geometry p.1 An easy integral Everyone knows how to evaluate the following integral: 1 0 1 1 x 2 dx. An invitation to log geometry
More information