REALIZING EINSTEIN S DREAM. Exploring Our Mysterious Universe
|
|
|
- Coleen Merry Cooper
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 REALIZING EINSTEIN S DREAM Exploring Our Mysterious Universe
2 Mysteries of the Universe Quarks Leptons Higgs Bosons Supersymmetric Particles SuperString Theory Dark Matter Dark Energy and the cosmological constant Accelerating Universe Gravity Waves Extra Dimensions
3 The End of Physics Albert A. Michelson, at the dedication of Ryerson Physics Lab, U. of Chicago, 1894
4 The Miracle Year Relativity Quantum Physics Atoms General Theory of Relativity, the theory of gravity, based on warped space
5 Physics in 1905 Missing from understanding of the Universe in 1905? Quantum Mechanics Nuclear Physics Elementary Particles
6 Physics in 1905 Missing from understanding of the Universe in 1905? Edwin Powell Hubble ( )
7 Einstein s Theoretical Discoveries Light comes in small packets - photons
8 Einstein s Theoretical Discoveries Light comes in small packets photons The speed of light is a constant Independent of observer s motion
9 Einstein s Theoretical Discoveries Light comes in small packets - photons The speed of light is a constant Independent of observer s motion E=mc 2
10 Einstein s Theoretical Discoveries Light comes in small packets - photons The speed of light is a constant Independent of observer s motion E=mc 2 Space is warped by massive objects Cosmological constant Many others
11 Einstein s Theoretical Discoveries Light comes in small packets - photons The speed of light is a constant Independent of observer s motion E=mc 2 Space is warped by massive objects Cosmological constant Many others xx xx xx xx xx Remain central to our exploration of the universe
12 Einstein and Quantum Mechanics
13 Quantum Mechanics and Gravity Inconsistent?
14 Einstein s Dream To understand the underlying simplicity behind the vast complexities of Nature Suspected gravity was a key
15 Unification Understand how nature s forces are related electricity, electromagnetism magnetism, and gravity
16 Einstein s Dream Today Today, STRING THEORY Unifies all forces Overcomes inconsistencies between gravity and quantum mechanics Ultimate Explanation? from the tiniest quanta to the cosmos The Dream Lives On There are encouraging signs that success is near
17 The Universe is Mysterious, but Willamette Comprehensible Hall No doubt about it Desh we ve mathematically expressed the purpose of the universe. God, how I love the thrill of scientific discovery
18 The Next Revolution Today on the threshold of a revolution in understanding of the Universe Recent discoveries and powerful set of tools:
19 The Frontier Now What is the universe made of? Ordinary matter and the known forces? Or more? How does it work? From the sub-atomic to the cosmic scale How many spatial dimensions are there? Just 3, or more (hidden dimensions) Why does matter have mass? What was the Big Bang?
20 Convergence of the Large and the Small
21 Modern scientific instruments Cerro Tololo,, Chile Hubble Space Telescope LIGO Laboratory, Hanford Fermilab,, near Chicago Stanford Linear Accelerator
22 Particle Accelerators probe laws of the cosmos in 2 ways 1. Super-microscope
23 Particle Accelerators probe laws of the cosmos in 2 ways 2. Creation of massive matter (E=mc 2 ) Heavy ordinary matter Dark Matter PROTON ANTI-PROTON
24 What is matter? All matter we are familiar with is composed of atoms, or parts of atoms Living things butterflys, elephants, people Inanimate things rocks, watches, cannonballs Astrophysical objects planets, moon, stars, asteroids
25 Even cosmic rays!
26 What is matter? Experiments with particle colliders have advanced our detailed understanding of matter and how it behaves
27 Quarks What is matter? combine to make protons and neutrons Leptons eg. electron, neutrino Force Carriers defines behavior of matter We have a precise understanding of matter and its behavior
28 The Structure of Matter??
29 Are atoms alone a sufficient basis for explaining the Universe? No not even close
30 Halo of Dark Matter
31 How do we know that galaxies are surrounded by dark halo? Vera Rubin 1950s Galaxies are spinning too fast to be held together by gravity of the stars
32 Dark Matter Evidence 1930s motions of clusters of galaxies cannot be understood Fritz Zwicky
33 Dark Matter Evidence 1930s motions of clusters of galaxies cannot be understood Fritz Zwicky s Refined studies show dark matter dominance
34 Imaging Dark Matter
35 Imaging Dark Matter Hubble Data analyzed by Yale astrophysicists
36 Observing Galaxies There must be a dominant presence of a dark form of matter It is invisible! We see it through gravitational effects this is the only waywe know it exists What is it? Is it just faint, ordinary matter? Most likely not - Promising candidate - exotic type of fundamental particle which is anticipated by particle theory Supersymmetric particle (Neutralino)
37 Symmetries in particles 1928, Paul A.M. Dirac Theory of the electron Combining relativity and quantum mechanics He needed to assume there were partner particles for every known particle ANTI-MATTER DOUBLED THE NUMBER OF PARTICLES
38 Discovery of Anti-Matter Carl Anderson The anti-electron, or positron All known particles have anti-particles ELEMENTARY ANTI-PARTICLES Anti- Leptons Anti- Quarks
39 SuperString Theory Unifies all particles and all forces gravity with quantum mechanics Fundamental particles are represented as vibrations on string String is miniscule Atom is 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 x bigger Space is ten-dimensional (not 3D!) A matching set of particles appear the super-partners of ordinary particles
40 The Structure of Matter? hypothesis?
41 Supersymmetry and Strings History repeats? Just as for anti-matter, New particles are required to make successful theory ELEMENTARY ANTI-PARTICLES Anti- Leptons Anti- Quarks The supersymmetric particles have just the properties expected of Dark Matter
42 Another puzzle What gives matter mass? An ocean of Higgs Bosons - Higgs Field The Universe
43 Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Geneva, Switzerland Nearing Completion Begins operation in 2007
44 International Linear Collider (ILC) Under development Planned to begin operation soon after Miles
45 The Big Bang Fundamental Physics needed to understand Big Bang
46 The Cosmic Fireball Microwaves in in the sky night sky Visible remnant of the Big Bang microwaves in the sky traveling through space for 14 billion years
47 Probing the Big Bang Studied since 1965 discovery Series of increasingly more sensitive experiments Lastest - WMAP
48 Probing the Big Bang Analysis of the WMAP data is equivalent to weighing the universe
49 Probing the Big Bang The stars are a very small fraction Energy of Our Universe Additional ordinary matter, Still a small fraction Anti- matter miniscule
50 Probing the Big Bang The dominant weight of the universe is dark matter and dark energy Dark Energy Surprise Related to Einstein s Cosmological Constant
51 The Dark Side Controls the Universe Dark Matter HOLDS IT TOGETHER Dark Energy DETERMINES ITS DESTINY Dark Matter is strange! What about Dark Energy?
52 Measuring the Universe Expansion Acceleration Driven by Dark Energy
53 Dark Energy Dark Matter The Dark Energy Something from Nothing The closest realization of nothing is the vacuum empty space Quantum physics -> no truly empty space Empty space filled with temporary particles
54 Dark Energy Dark Matter The Dark Energy Something from Nothing Empty Space
55 Dark Energy Dark Matter The Dark Energy Something from Nothing Empty Space
56 Dark Energy Dark Matter The Dark Energy Something from Nothing Quantum Fluctuations Create a Dark Energy Cosmological constant
57 Something from Nothing We can calculate the effect of these virtual particles on Dark Energy This theoretical result is too big By a factor of 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 This is a BIG-time mystery we know how the universe might make Dark Energy, but we don t know how to make so little
58 Seeking the Primordial Gravity Waves The fabric of the universe is still rattling from the violent Big Bang
59 Primordial Gravity Waves LIGO looks for evidence of gravity waves Hanford LIGO
60 Gravity Waves Probe the Extremely Early Universe 14 billion
61 String Theory 10-dimensional space Extra Dimensions Particle Collider Experiments are looking for these hidden dimensions
62 Our Mysterious Universe
63 Realizing Einstein s Dream We are on the eve of a revolution in physics Many mysteries Solutions appear near Deeper understanding of the universe itself Gravity waves may image earliest moments of Big Bang Dark Matter particles may appear soon in particle collider experiments Why is there mass? Higgs Boson Dark Energy this is the biggest mystery of all
64 Acknowledgements RESEARCH SUPPORTED BY Department of Energy OFFICE OF SCIENCE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
MODERN PARTICLE PHYSICS. How we got here, and where we re going
MODERN PARTICLE PHYSICS How we got here, and where we re going The Universe is Made of Particles Investigating the particles reveals the fundamental structure of the Universe and matter within it THE ATOM
Particles, Energy, and Our Mysterious Universe
Particles, Energy, and Our Mysterious Universe 1 The End of Physics "The more important fundamental laws and facts of physical science have all been discovered, and these are now so firmly established
An Introduction to Particle Physics
An Introduction to Particle Physics The Universe started with a Big Bang The Universe started with a Big Bang What is our Universe made of? Particle physics aims to understand Elementary (fundamental)
Today. The nature of the Universe - Beyond the Standard Model
Today The nature of the Universe - Beyond the Standard Model Dark Matter and Dark Energy String Theory and the quest to unify gravity and quantum theory Begin watching PBS NOVA special The Elegant Universe
Today. The goals of science. The nature of the Universe - Beyond the Standard Model
Today The nature of the Universe - Beyond the Standard Model Dark Matter and Dark Energy String Theory and the quest to unify gravity and quantum theory Begin watching PBS NOVA special The Elegant Universe
THE HIGGS BOSON WINDOW ON THE BIG BANG.
THE HIGGS BOSON WINDOW ON THE BIG BANG http://www.astropics.com Science 21 Dec 2012 BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR Science 21 Dec 2012 BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR Higgs Boson What is the Higgs Boson? Why is it
I. Antoniadis CERN. IAS CERN Novice Workshop, NTU, 7 Feb 2014
I. Antoniadis CERN IAS CERN Novice Workshop, NTU, 7 Feb 2014 1 2 3 the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Largest scientific instrument ever built, 27km of circumference >10 000 people involved in its design
Dark Side of the Universe
Dark Side of the Universe Bhaskar Dutta Department of Physics & Astronomy Texas A&M University Dark Side of the Universe 1 Content of the Universe 4% The 23% is still unobserved in the laboratory.. (This
Chapter 27: The Early Universe
Chapter 27: The Early Universe The plan: 1. A brief survey of the entire history of the big bang universe. 2. A more detailed discussion of each phase, or epoch, from the Planck era through particle production,
UNVEILING THE ULTIMATE LAWS OF NATURE: DARK MATTER, SUPERSYMMETRY, AND THE LHC. Gordon Kane, Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics Warsaw, June 2009
UNVEILING THE ULTIMATE LAWS OF NATURE: DARK MATTER, SUPERSYMMETRY, AND THE LHC Gordon Kane, Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics Warsaw, June 2009 OUTLINE! Some things we ve learned about the physical
John Ellis King s College London (& CERN) Welcome! Introduction to CERN. CERN: Accelerating Science and Innovation
Welcome! John Ellis King s College London (& CERN) Introduction to CERN CERN: Accelerating Science and Innovation The Mission of CERN Push back the frontiers of knowledge E.g. the secrets of the Big Bang
THE PHYSICS/COSMOLOGY CONNECTION. 1. Summary of Particle Physics: The Standard Model limitations of the standard model
THE PHYSICS/COSMOLOGY CONNECTION 1. Summary of Particle Physics: The Standard Model limitations of the standard model 2. Summary of Cosmology: The Big Bang Model limitations of the Big Bang model 3. Unifying
Dark Energy and the Accelerating Universe
Dark Energy and the Accelerating Universe Dragan Huterer Department of Physics University of Michigan The universe today presents us with a grand puzzle: What is 95% of it made of? Shockingly, we still
The Mystery of Dark Matter
The Mystery of Dark Matter Maxim Perelstein, LEPP/Cornell U. CIPT Fall Workshop, Ithaca NY, September 28 2013 Introduction Last Fall workshop focused on physics of the very small - elementary particles
Rocky Kolb Fermilab & University of Chicago. July 27, 2001 LP01 Rome
Rocky Kolb Fermilab & University of Chicago July 27, 2001 LP01 Rome A view of the universe, circa 1901 A.D. Kapteyn Universe 1) Composition: Starz in the hood 2) Arrangement: 6,500 light years Solar system
A first trip to the world of particle physics
A first trip to the world of particle physics Itinerary Massimo Passera Padova - 13/03/2013 1 Massimo Passera Padova - 13/03/2013 2 The 4 fundamental interactions! Electromagnetic! Weak! Strong! Gravitational
PH5211: High Energy Physics. Prafulla Kumar Behera Room: HSB-304B
PH5211: High Energy Physics Prafulla Kumar Behera E-mail:behera@iitm.ac.in Room: HSB-304B Information Class timing: Wed. 11am, Thur. 9am, Fri. 8am The course will be graded as follows: 1 st quiz (20 marks)
5% of reality is all we have ever seen
Sean Carroll University of Chicago http://pancake.uchicago.edu/ 5% of reality is all we have ever seen What does the universe look like? stars and galaxies; uniform, expanding What is the universe made
Wesley Smith, U. Wisconsin, January 21, Physics 301: Introduction - 1
Wesley Smith, U. Wisconsin, January 21, 2014 Physics 301: Introduction - 1 Physics 301: Physics Today Prof. Wesley Smith, wsmith@hep.wisc.edu Undergraduate Physics Colloquium! Discussions of current research
E = mc 2 Opening Windows on the World
E = mc 2 Opening Windows on the World Young-Kee Kim The University of Chicago Physics Department Colloquium January 11, 2006 University of Pennsylvania Accelerators (output of Accelerator Science) are
Particle + Physics at ATLAS and the Large Hadron Coillder
Particle + Physics at ATLAS and the Large Hadron Coillder Discovering the elementary particles of the Universe Kate Shaw The International Centre for Theoretical Physics + Overview Introduction to Particle
Beyond the standard model? From last time. What does the SM say? Grand Unified Theories. Unifications: now and the future
From last time Quantum field theory is a relativistic quantum theory of fields and interactions. Fermions make up matter, and bosons mediate the forces by particle exchange. Lots of particles, lots of
Elementary Particle Physics Glossary. Course organiser: Dr Marcella Bona February 9, 2016
Elementary Particle Physics Glossary Course organiser: Dr Marcella Bona February 9, 2016 1 Contents 1 Terms A-C 5 1.1 Accelerator.............................. 5 1.2 Annihilation..............................
First some Introductory Stuff => On The Web.
First some Introductory Stuff => On The Web http://hep.physics.utoronto.ca/~orr/wwwroot/phy357/phy357s.htm PHY357 = What is the Universe Made Of? Is the Universe Made of These? Proton = (u u d) held
Linear Collider. Hitoshi Murayama (Berkeley) Jan 31, 2005
Linear Collider Hitoshi Murayama (Berkeley) EPP2010@SLAC, Jan 31, 2005 Take-home messages We are approaching a new layer of energy scale: something is brewing at TeV-scale Solutions to many deep puzzles
Chapter 27 The Early Universe Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 27 The Early Universe Units of Chapter 27 27.1 Back to the Big Bang 27.2 The Evolution of the Universe More on Fundamental Forces 27.3 The Formation of Nuclei and Atoms 27.4 The Inflationary Universe
Dennis Silverman UC Irvine Physics and Astronomy Talk to UC Irvine OLLI May 9, 2011
Dennis Silverman UC Irvine Physics and Astronomy Talk to UC Irvine OLLI May 9, 2011 First Discovery of Dark Matter As you get farther away from the main central mass of a galaxy, the acceleration from
Astronomy 122 Outline
Astronomy 122 Outline This Class (Lecture 26): The Primeval Fireball Next Class: Dark Matter & Dark Energy ICES Form!!! HW10 due Friday Hubble s Law implications An expanding Universe! Run in movie in
COSMOLOGY and DARK MATTER
Physics 10 1 st Lecture September 28, 2004 COSMOLOGY and DARK MATTER Joel Primack Introduction Modern cosmology the study of the universe as a whole is undergoing a scientific revolution. New ground- and
Cosmology and particle physics
Fedora GNU/Linux; LATEX 2ɛ; xfig Cosmology and particle physics Mark Alford Washington University Saint Louis, USA Outline I Particle physics: What the universe is made of. quarks, leptons, and the forces
The Dark Side of the Universe: Dark matter in the galaxy and Cosmos
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Public Talks Astrophysics 1-18-2011 The Dark Side of the Universe: Dark matter in the galaxy and Cosmos Shane L. Larson Utah State University Follow this and additional
Dark Matter and Energy
Dark Matter and Energy The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy.
The God particle at last? Astronomy Ireland, Oct 8 th, 2012
The God particle at last? Astronomy Ireland, Oct 8 th, 2012 Cormac O Raifeartaigh Waterford Institute of Technology CERN July 4 th 2012 (ATLAS and CMS ) A new particle of mass 125 GeV I The Higgs boson
INTERACTIONS. The science of matter, space and time. High-Energy Physics
INTERACTIONS The science of matter, space and time High-Energy Physics High Energy Physics is the Science of Interactions Since we (and everything in the universe) are made mostly of empty space, and
3. It is expanding: the galaxies are moving apart, accelerating slightly The mystery of Dark Energy
II. Cosmology: How the universe developed Outstanding features of the universe today: 1. It is big, and full of galaxies. 2. It has structure: the galaxies are clumped in filaments and sheets The structure
Chapter 32 Lecture Notes
Chapter 32 Lecture Notes Physics 2424 - Strauss Formulas: mc 2 hc/2πd 1. INTRODUCTION What are the most fundamental particles and what are the most fundamental forces that make up the universe? For a brick
Cosmology. An Analogy 11/28/2010. Cosmology Study of the origin, evolution and future of the Universe
Cosmology Cosmology Study of the origin, evolution and future of the Universe Obler s Paradox If the Universe is infinite why is the sky dark at night? Newtonian Universe The Universe is infinite and unchanging
Dark Matter and Dark Energy: From the Universe to the Laboratory
Dark Matter and Dark Energy: From the Universe to the Laboratory Dark Matter and Dark Energy: from the Universe to the Laboratory Sean Carroll, University of Chicago http://pancake.uchicago.edu/~carroll/
1. What does this poster contain?
This poster presents the elementary constituents of matter (the particles) and their interactions, the latter having other particles as intermediaries. These elementary particles are point-like and have
One of elements driving cosmological evolution is the presence of radiation (photons) Early universe
The Frontier Matter and Antimatter One of elements driving cosmological evolution is the presence of radiation (photons) Early universe Matter and antimatter But we live in universe full of matter -- where
Ta-Pei Cheng PCNY 9/16/2011
PCNY 9/16/2011 Ta-Pei Cheng For a more quantitative discussion, see Relativity, Gravitation & Cosmology: A Basic Introduction (Oxford Univ Press) 2 nd ed. (2010) dark matter & dark energy Astronomical
Chapter 22 Back to the Beginning of Time
Chapter 22 Back to the Beginning of Time Expansion of Universe implies dense, hot start: Big Bang Back to the Big Bang The early Universe was both dense and hot. Equivalent mass density of radiation (E=mc
What s So Small to You is So Large to Me
What s So Small to You is So Large to Me High Energies and Small Distances Lisa Randall Harvard Exciting Time for Physics Physicists are exploring the universe at larger and smaller scales than ever before
As a member of the Notre Dame community, I will not participate in, or tolerate, academic dishonesty.
Elementary Cosmology... Fall 2012 Final Exam... December 13, 2012... 10:30am-12:30pm Name: NetID: As a member of the Notre Dame community, I will not participate in, or tolerate, academic dishonesty. Please
Fundamental Particles and Forces
Fundamental Particles and Forces A Look at the Standard Model and Interesting Theories André Gras PHYS 3305 SMU 1 Overview Introduction to Fundamental Particles and Forces Brief History of Discovery The
The physics of elementary particles
1997 2009, Millennium Mathematics Project, University of Cambridge. Permission is granted to print and copy this page on paper for non commercial use. For other uses, including electronic redistribution,
The God particle at last? Science Week, Nov 15 th, 2012
The God particle at last? Science Week, Nov 15 th, 2012 Cormac O Raifeartaigh Waterford Institute of Technology CERN July 4 th 2012 (ATLAS and CMS ) A new particle of mass 125 GeV Why is the Higgs particle
Astronomy 182: Origin and Evolution of the Universe
Astronomy 182: Origin and Evolution of the Universe Prof. Josh Frieman Lecture 12 Nov. 18, 2015 Today Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and Neutrinos Particle Physics & the Early Universe Standard Model of Particle
Made of? What is the Universe. What is the Universe made of? Made of? We are stardust!!! Element Abundances
Made of? Dr Risa H Wechsler Hubble Fellow" Enrico Fermi Fellow University of Chicago Lecture Plan Lecture Two" April #& The Story of Galaxy Formation in Our Universe: Kavli Inst for Cosmological Physics"
Lab Monday optional: review for Quiz 3. Lab Tuesday optional: review for Quiz 3.
Announcements SEIs! Quiz 3 Friday. Lab Monday optional: review for Quiz 3. Lab Tuesday optional: review for Quiz 3. Lecture today, Wednesday, next Monday. Final Labs Monday & Tuesday next week. Quiz 3
Finish up our overview of small and large
Finish up our overview of small and large Lecture 5 Limits of our knowledge Clicker practice quiz Some terminology... "Elementary particles" = objects that make up atoms (n,p,e) or are produced when atoms
Particle accelerators
Particle accelerators Charged particles can be accelerated by an electric field. Colliders produce head-on collisions which are much more energetic than hitting a fixed target. The center of mass energy
Chapter 22: Cosmology - Back to the Beginning of Time
Chapter 22: Cosmology - Back to the Beginning of Time Expansion of Universe implies dense, hot start: Big Bang Future of universe depends on the total amount of dark and normal matter Amount of matter
a)! 0-10 miles b)! miles c)! miles d)! miles
How far away from this classroom will you be for Thanksgiving? a)! 0-10 miles b)! 10-100 miles c)! 100-1000 miles d)! 1000+ miles This Class (Lecture 33): The Early Universe HW 11 due on Dec 5 th Music:
Hot Topics in Physics. OLLI lectures Fall 2016 Horst D Wahl lecture 3, 25 Oct 2016
1 Hot Topics in Physics OLLI lectures Fall 2016 Horst D Wahl (hwahl@fsu.edu) lecture 3, 25 Oct 2016 2 Outline of 2 nd class Recap Present paradigm, cont d Particles, cont d Cosmos Neutrinos (maybe??) 3
The Nature of Light and Matter: 3
The Nature of Light and Matter: 3 Doppler Effect, Mater and Energy ASTR 101 10/31//2017 1 Light from Moving objects: Doppler effect When there is a relative motion between the source and the observer,
The Large Hadron Collider, and New Avenues in Elementary Particle Physics. Gerard t Hooft, Public Lecture, IPMU Tokyo, April 16, 2015
The Large Hadron Collider, and New Avenues in Elementary Particle Physics Gerard t Hooft, Public Lecture, IPMU Tokyo, April 16, 2015 CERN European Center for Nuclear Research LHC Large Hadron Collider
Big Bang Planck Era. This theory: cosmological model of the universe that is best supported by several aspects of scientific evidence and observation
Big Bang Planck Era Source: http://www.crystalinks.com/bigbang.html Source: http://www.odec.ca/index.htm This theory: cosmological model of the universe that is best supported by several aspects of scientific
Chapter 29 Lecture. Particle Physics. Prepared by Dedra Demaree, Georgetown University Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 29 Lecture Particle Physics Prepared by Dedra Demaree, Georgetown University Particle Physics What is antimatter? What are the fundamental particles and interactions in nature? What was the Big
Physics 5I LECTURE 4 October 21, 2011
Physics 5I LECTURE 4 October 21, 2011 Falling with Drag (again) Introduction to Special Relativity Galaxies and Dark Matter Drag at Low and High Speeds Fdrag = -bv (low speed) low speed vterminal = mg/b
Rapid Inflation of the Early Universe. 27. Exploring the Early Universe. The Isotropy Problem. Possible Causes of Cosmic Inflation
27. Exploring the Early Universe Rapid inflation of the early Universe Mass & energy formed during inflation Most matter & antimatter annihilated each other Neutrinos & helium are primordial fireball relics
The Four Fundamental Forces. The Four Fundamental Forces. Gravitational Force. The Electrical Force. The Photon (γ) Unification. Mass.
The Four Fundamental Forces What are the four fundamental forces? The Four Fundamental Forces What are the four fundamental forces? Weaker Stronger Gravitational, Electromagnetic, Strong and Weak Nuclear
The Dark Side of the Universe!
AST 376: Cosmology (Spring 2014) The Dark Side I: Dark Matter Prof. Volker Bromm TA: Aaron Smith The University of Texas at Austin Department of Astronomy The Dark Side of the Universe Big Q: What is the
Lecture 24: Cosmology: The First Three Minutes. Astronomy 111 Monday November 27, 2017
Lecture 24: Cosmology: The First Three Minutes Astronomy 111 Monday November 27, 2017 Reminders Last star party of the semester tomorrow night! Online homework #11 due Monday at 3pm The first three minutes
Modern Physics notes Spring 2005 Paul Fendley Lecture 38
Modern Physics notes Spring 2005 Paul Fendley fendley@virginia.edu Lecture 38 Dark matter and energy Cosmic Microwave Background Weinberg, chapters II and III cosmological parameters: Tegmark et al, http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0310723
Week 3 - Part 2 Recombination and Dark Matter. Joel Primack
Astro/Phys 224 Spring 2012 Origin and Evolution of the Universe Week 3 - Part 2 Recombination and Dark Matter Joel Primack University of California, Santa Cruz http://pdg.lbl.gov/ In addition to the textbooks
2. The evolution and structure of the universe is governed by General Relativity (GR).
7/11 Chapter 12 Cosmology Cosmology is the study of the origin, evolution, and structure of the universe. We start with two assumptions: 1. Cosmological Principle: On a large enough scale (large compared
Lecture 25: Cosmology: The end of the Universe, Dark Matter, and Dark Energy. Astronomy 111 Wednesday November 29, 2017
Lecture 25: Cosmology: The end of the Universe, Dark Matter, and Dark Energy Astronomy 111 Wednesday November 29, 2017 Reminders Online homework #11 due Monday at 3pm One more lecture after today Monday
Particles in the Early Universe
Particles in the Early Universe David Morrissey Saturday Morning Physics, October 16, 2010 Using Little Stuff to Explain Big Stuff David Morrissey Saturday Morning Physics, October 16, 2010 Can we explain
How and Why to go Beyond the Discovery of the Higgs Boson
How and Why to go Beyond the Discovery of the Higgs Boson John Alison University of Chicago http://hep.uchicago.edu/~johnda/comptonlectures.html Lecture Outline April 1st: Newton s dream & 20th Century
Overview. The quest of Particle Physics research is to understand the fundamental particles of nature and their interactions.
Overview The quest of Particle Physics research is to understand the fundamental particles of nature and their interactions. Our understanding is about to take a giant leap.. the Large Hadron Collider
32 IONIZING RADIATION, NUCLEAR ENERGY, AND ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
32 IONIZING RADIATION, NUCLEAR ENERGY, AND ELEMENTARY PARTICLES 32.1 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation γ-rays (high-energy photons) can penetrate almost anything, but do comparatively little damage.
Particle Physics and Telescopes
Particle Physics and Telescopes November 18, 2002 1) Dark Matter 2) Particle Physics 3) Telescopes Announcements Final Exam will be held in Ruby Diamond Auditorium NOTE THIS!!! not UPL Dec. 11, 2002 10am-noon
Saturday Morning Physics (2007) Prof. Bhaskar Dutta and Prof. Teruki Kamon. Department of Physics Texas A&M University. Question
Dark Puzzles of the Universe Saturday Morning Physics (2007) Prof. Bhaskar Dutta and Prof. Teruki Kamon Department of Physics Texas A&M University Question March 24, 2007 Dark Puzzles of the Universe 2
Dark Puzzles of the Universe
Dark Puzzles of the Universe Saturday Morning Physics (2007) Prof. Bhaskar Dutta and Prof. Teruki Kamon Department of Physics Texas A&M University Question March 24, 2007 Dark Puzzles of the Universe 2
FACULTY OF SCIENCE. High Energy Physics. WINTHROP PROFESSOR IAN MCARTHUR and ADJUNCT/PROFESSOR JACKIE DAVIDSON
FACULTY OF SCIENCE High Energy Physics WINTHROP PROFESSOR IAN MCARTHUR and ADJUNCT/PROFESSOR JACKIE DAVIDSON AIM: To explore nature on the smallest length scales we can achieve Current status (10-20 m)
The Contents of the Universe (or/ what do we mean by dark matter and dark energy?)
The Contents of the Universe (or/ what do we mean by dark matter and dark energy?) Unseen Influences Dark Matter: An undetected form of mass that emits little or no light but whose existence we infer from
Origin of the Universe - 2 ASTR 2120 Sarazin. What does it all mean?
Origin of the Universe - 2 ASTR 2120 Sarazin What does it all mean? Fundamental Questions in Cosmology 1. Why did the Big Bang occur? 2. Why is the Universe old? 3. Why is the Universe made of matter?
Katsushi Arisaka University of California, Los Angeles Department of Physics and Astronomy
11/14/12 Katsushi Arisaka 1 Katsushi Arisaka University of California, Los Angeles Department of Physics and Astronomy arisaka@physics.ucla.edu Seven Phases of Cosmic Evolution 11/14/12 Katsushi Arisaka
Today. Last homework Due next time FINAL EXAM: 8:00 AM TUE Dec. 14 Course Evaluations Open. Modern Cosmology. Big Bang Nucleosynthesis.
Today Modern Cosmology Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Dark Matter Dark Energy Last homework Due next time FINAL EXAM: 8:00 AM TUE Dec. 14 Course Evaluations Open Elements of Modern Cosmology 1.Expanding Universe
The Building Blocks of Nature
The Building Blocks of Nature PCES 15.1 Schematic picture of constituents of an atom, & rough length scales. The size quoted for the nucleus here (10-14 m) is too large- a single nucleon has size 10-15
NEXT STEPS IN PARTICLE PHYSICS. Edward Witten Royal Society Of Edinburgh April 21, 2009
NEXT STEPS IN PARTICLE PHYSICS Edward Witten Royal Society Of Edinburgh April 21, 2009 Particle physics is a loose way of talking It is a modern name for the centuries old effort to understand the laws
Relative Sizes of Stars. Today Exam#3 Review. Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram. Blackbody Radiation
Today Exam#3 Review Exam #3 is Thursday April 4th in this room, BPS 40; Extra credit is due 8:00 am Tuesday April 9 Final Exam is 3:00pm Monday April 8 in BPS 40 The exam is 40 multiple choice questions.
WHAT S THE MATTER? THE SEARCH FOR CLUES IN OUR COLD, DARK UNIVERSE
WHAT S THE MATTER? THE SEARCH FOR CLUES IN OUR COLD, DARK UNIVERSE Jonathan Feng University of California, Irvine Heinz R. Pagels Memorial Public Lecture Aspen Center for Physics 14 July 2010 Credit: John
Cosmology: the History of the Universe
Cosmology: the History of the Universe Lorenzo Sorbo UMass Amherst Freshman Colloquium 11/13/2006 A preliminary warning: COSMOLOGY IS NOT COSMETOLOGY! Cosmology: The science or theory of the universe as
High Energy Physics. QuarkNet summer workshop June 24-28, 2013
High Energy Physics QuarkNet summer workshop June 24-28, 2013 1 The Birth of Particle Physics In 1896, Thompson showed that electrons were particles, not a fluid. In 1905, Einstein argued that photons
Lecture PowerPoints. Chapter 33 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli
Lecture PowerPoints Chapter 33 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching
Preface to Presentation
Preface to Presentation I gave a presentation last October about time travel, warp drive, travel to a Goldilocks Planet etc. to provide some possible place to escape a possible dying world I mentioned
Unsolved Problems in Theoretical Physics V. BASHIRY CYPRUS INTRNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
Unsolved Problems in Theoretical Physics V. BASHIRY CYPRUS INTRNATIONAL UNIVERSITY 1 I am going to go through some of the major unsolved problems in theoretical physics. I mean the existing theories seem
Today: Start Ch. 18: Cosmology. Homework # 5 due next Wed. (HW #6 is online)
Today: Start Ch. 18: Cosmology Homework # 5 due next Wed. (HW #6 is online) Dark Matter! A rotation curve is a graph of how fast a something is rotating, as a function of distance from the center.! We
Particles and Interactions. Prof. Marina Cobal Corso Particelle ed interazioni fondamentali 2013/2014
Particles and Interactions Prof. Marina Cobal Corso Particelle ed interazioni fondamentali 2013/2014 What is the world made of? In the ancient time: 4 elements 19 century atoms Beginning 20 th century
AST 301 Introduction to Astronomy
AST 301 Introduction to Astronomy John Lacy RLM 16.332 471-1469 lacy@astro.as.utexas.edu Myoungwon Jeon RLM 16.216 471-0445 myjeon@astro.as.utexas.edu Bohua Li RLM 16.212 471-8443 bohuali@astro.as.utexas.edu
The Discovery of the Higgs Boson: one step closer to understanding the beginning of the Universe
The Discovery of the Higgs Boson: one step closer to understanding the beginning of the Universe Anna Goussiou Department of Physics, UW & ATLAS Collaboration, CERN Kane Hall, University of Washington
Chapter 46. Particle Physics and Cosmology
Chapter 46 Particle Physics and Cosmology Atoms as Elementary Particles Atoms From the Greek for indivisible Were once thought to be the elementary particles Atom constituents Proton, neutron, and electron
The Search for a Fundamental Theory of the Universe
The Search for a Fundamental Theory of the Universe Lecture 1- History & basic concepts, including Newton, Maxwell, Einstein & Quantum Mechanics Lecture 2 - Where are we now? General relativity & the Standard
Gravitation. Adrian Ferent. This is a new quantum gravity theory which breaks the wall of Planck scale. Abstract
Gravitation Adrian Ferent This is a new quantum gravity theory which breaks the wall of Planck scale. My Nobel Prize Idea Abstract The Photon Graviton pair (coupled) has the same speed and frequency, and
Lecture 36: The First Three Minutes Readings: Sections 29-1, 29-2, and 29-4 (29-3)
Lecture 36: The First Three Minutes Readings: Sections 29-1, 29-2, and 29-4 (29-3) Key Ideas Physics of the Early Universe Informed by experimental & theoretical physics Later stages confirmed by observations
Moment of beginning of space-time about 13.7 billion years ago. The time at which all the material and energy in the expanding Universe was coincident
Big Bang Moment of beginning of space-time about 13.7 billion years ago The time at which all the material and energy in the expanding Universe was coincident Only moment in the history of the Universe
Lecture PowerPoint. Chapter 32 Physics: Principles with Applications, 6 th edition Giancoli
Lecture PowerPoint Chapter 32 Physics: Principles with Applications, 6 th edition Giancoli 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the
Elementary Particle Physics and Symmetry
Elementary Particle Physics and Symmetry ( ) Outline People have long asked: "What is the world made of?" and "What holds it together?" Why do physicists want to study particles? Because we are made of