The area under the graph of f and above the x-axis between a and b is denoted by. f(x) dx. π O

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The area under the graph of f and above the x-axis between a and b is denoted by. f(x) dx. π O"

Transcription

1 1 Section 5. The Definite Integrl Suppose tht function f is continuous nd positive over n intervl [, ]. y = f(x) x The re under the grph of f nd ove the x-xis etween nd is denoted y f(x) dx nd clled the definite integrl of f etween nd. Exmple 1 The grph of y = sin x is given elow: y π A 3π 5π 4 π O B π π π x Descrie ech shded region using the integrl nottion. A = B = Exmple Find 4 x dx.

2 Exmple 3 Find 3 1 (x + 3) dx. Exmple 4 Find 4 t dt. Exmple 5 Find x dx.

3 3 So fr we hve defined the definite integrl of function only when f is nonnegtive. If f is positive for some x vlues nd negtive for others, then f(x) dx is the sum of res ove the x-xis, counted positively, nd res elow the x-xis, counted negtively. x y = f(x) For exmple, in the ove picture, suppose the shded re ove the x-xis is nd the shded re elow the x-xis is 3. Then Exmple 6 Find (x + 1) dx. f(x) dx = + ( 3) = 1. Exmple 7 It is known tht π π sin x dx = 1. Using this, compute. 3π sin x dx. 1 rcsin x dx

4 4 Section 5.3 The Fundmentl Theorem nd Interprettions In previous section, we studied how to compute integrls when the given functions re simple ones, such s lines or semicircles. However, we still do not know how to compute generl integrls. In this section, we will study the Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus, one of the most importnt theorems in Clculus, which mkes it possile to compute the integrl of huge collection of functions. Exmple 1 Consider (x + 1) dx. We need definition to stte the Fundmentl Theorem. Definition Let f e function. If F (x) = f(x) for ll x, then we sy tht F is n ntiderivtive of f. Exmple F (x) = 1 3 x3 is n ntiderivtive of f(x) = x. Note tht G(x) = 1 3 x3 + is lso n ntiderivtive of f. In generl, if F (x) is n ntiderivtive of f(x), then so is F (x) + C for ny constnt C. Moreover, if F nd G re oth ntiderivtives of f, then F nd G differ y only constnt. The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus Let f e continuous function on the intervl [, ] nd f(x) = F (x) (so F is n ntiderivtive of f). Then Proof f(x) dx = [F (x)] = F () F ().

5 5 Exmple 3 Compute 3 nswer to the result from the previous section. 1 (x + 3) dx using the Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus. Compre your Exmple 4 Compute (x + 1) dx exctly. Exmple 5 Find π π sin x dx. Exmple 6 Compute π cos x dx. Is the result wht you expected? Exmple 7 Compute 1 dx x. Here dx 1 is nother nottion for 1 + x x dx.

6 6 Section 5.4 Theorems out Definite Integrls Definition Let f e continuous function on n intervl [, ]. The verge of f from to is defined to e 1 f(x) dx. Remrk Why verge? Look t the following picture: y h y = f(x) x Let s determine h so tht the re of the rectngle equls tht of the shded region. Note tht h must stisfy Therefore, h( ) = h = 1 f(x) dx. f(x) dx. In words, the verge of f from to is the height of rectngle whose se is nd whose re is the sme s the re under the grph of f from to. Exmple 1 Find the verge of f(x) = x on the intervl [1, 3].

7 7 Definition Let <. Let f e continuous function on [, ]... f(x) dx =. f(x) dx = f(x) dx. Theorem 1 Let f e continuous function. Then no mtter wht,, nd c re, c Proof We consider only two cses: Cse I: < < c f(x) dx = f(x) dx + c f(x) dx. Cse II: < c < Theorem Let f nd g e continuous functions nd let c e constnt.. (f(x) ± g(x)) dx = f(x) dx ± g(x) dx.. Proof cf(x) dx = c f(x) dx.

8 8 Exmple Compute π sin x dx + π cos x dx. Theorem 3 Let f e continuous function.. If f is odd, then. If f is even, then Proof f(x) dx =. f(x) dx = f(x) dx. Exmple 3 Compute ( ) 1 x 11 1x x 5 + 3x + 4 dx. Theorem 4 Let f nd g e continuous functions.. If f(x) g(x) for x, then f(x) dx. If m f(x) M for x, then m( ) Proof g(x) dx. f(x) dx M( ).

9 9 We close this section with the re etween two curves. f(x) f(x) f(x) g(x) g(x) g(x) x x x When oth f nd g re positive over the intervl [, ], then it is cler tht the re etween f nd g is given y (f(x) g(x))dx. Remrk Even when f nd g re not necessrily ove the x-xis, still the re etween f nd g is given y (f(x) g(x))dx. Why? Exmple 4 Find the re etween the curves y = f(x) nd y = g(x), where f(x) = x 4x + 5 nd g(x) = x + 4x 1. Exmple 5 Find the shded re elow: cos x O sin x

10 1 Exmple 6 Mesuring Income Inequlity (dpted with permission from Michel Olinick, Middleury College) The Lorenz Curve L(x) for country gives the proportion of the totl income erned y the lowest proportion x of the popultion. Think of the individuls rrnged from poorest (lowest) to richest (highest). Exmple: L(.) =.15 sys tht the poorest. of the popultion erns.15 of the totl income. Restting in percents, this sys tht the poorest % of the popultion erns 15% of the totl income.. Wht does L(.9) =.7 sy in percents? For this function, wht percentge of the totl income does the richest 1% ern?. If you know L(.) =.13 nd L(.4) =.3, wht percent of the totl income does the second % of the popultion ern? c. Explin why the Lorenz Curve must hve the following properties: L() =, L(1) = 1, L is n incresing function on [, 1]. ( ) d. Suppose tht L(x) = x for ll x, x 1 for country. Wht does this tell you out the country s income inequlity? e. Suppose tht L(x) = for x < 1 nd L(1) = 1 for country. Wht does this tell you out the country s income inequlity? f. The Gini Index G for country with Lorentz Curve L(x) is defined to e G = 1 (x L(x)) dx. i. Check tht L(x) = x x3 meets the requirements (( ) ove) for Lorentz Curve nd clculte the corresponding Gini Index. ii. Determine the numer p so tht country with Lorenz Curve L(x) = x p hs Gini Index of.5. g. Wht is the smllest vlue G cn hve? the lrgest? h. Explin why Gini Index for country mesures the income inequlity of the country.

11 11 We close this chpter with the forml definition of the definite integrl using the concept of Riemnn Sum. Recll tht f(x) dx represents (in generlized sense) the re of the region enclosed y the x-xis, lines x = nd x =, nd the grph y = f(x). Mensurtion y Prts Let s consider circle with rdius r. We ll know tht the re of the circle is equl to πr. But why? π n r

12 1 Definition A sequence is n infinite list of numers s 1, s, s 3,..., s n,... We cll s 1 the first term, s the second term, nd so on. s n is the generl term, sy n th term. Exmple 7 1, 4, 9, 16, is sequence. To e more precise, s 1 = 1, s = 4, s 3 = 9, nd so on. In this exmple, the generl n th term is given y s n =. Exmple 8 Give the first six terms of the following sequences:. s n = n(n+1). t n = n+( 1)n n Exmple 9 Consider the sequence 1, 1,, 3, 5, 8, 13,... Cn you red off the pttern? Wht is the next term? Exmple 1 Find the generl n th term s n when the first few terms of the sequence re. 4, 7, 1, 13, 16, 19,...., 4, 6, 8, 1, 1,... c. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11,... d. 1,, 4, 8, 16, 3,... e. 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,... f.,,,,,,... g. 1, 3, 3 4, 4 5, 5 6, 6 7,... Sequences cn lso e defined recursively, y giving n eqution relting the n th term to the previous terms (clled recursion formul) nd s mny of the first terms s re needed to get strted. Exmple 11 Give the first few terms of the following recursively defined sequences.. s n = s n for n > 1 nd s 1 = 4.. s n = s n 1 for n > 1 nd s 1 = 1. c. s n = s n 1 + s n for n > nd s 1 = s = 1. d. s n = s n 1 n for n > 1 nd s 1 = 1.

13 13 Exmple 1 Consider recursive formul given y { sn 1 s n = 3s n if s n 1 is even if s n 1 is odd. With s 1 = 4, write the first few terms of the sequence.. With s 1 = 5, write the first few terms of the sequence. c. With s 1 = 7, write the first few terms of the sequence. d. Try other initil terms. Does your nswer lwys end up with 4,, 1, 4,, 1,...? We now consider the limit of sequence. Definition If s n pproches fixed numer L s n, then we sy tht s n converges to L nd L is the limit of s n. When there is no such L, we sy tht the sequence diverges. Exmple 13 Do the following sequences converge or diverge? If sequence converges, find its limit.. s n = 1 n d. s n = ( 1)n n. s n = 5n 1 n 3n+5 e. s n = sin n n c. s n = n f. s n = 1 + ( 1) n

14 14 Definition A finite series is the sum of finitely mny terms of sequence. For given sequence n, the sum of the first k terms, clled the k th prtil sum nd denoted y S k, is defined y S k = k i = k 1 + k. i=1 Exmple 14 Let n = n + 1. Then 5 i = = = 35. i=1 Remrk. i is dummy vrile in the expression ove, tht is, we could hve used express the sme finite series.. The summtion nottion cn e used in different wy. For exmple, k j or j=1 k n to n=1 5 i = = 5 i=3 nd p:prime p 1 p = = 17. Exmple 15 Simplify n. k = n. k=1. n k = n. k=1 c. n k 3 = n 3. k=1

15 15 Definition Lower nd upper Riemnn sums of function y = f(x) on the intervl [, ]. Exmple 16 Compute 1 x dx using Riemnn sums.

Math 1431 Section 6.1. f x dx, find f. Question 22: If. a. 5 b. π c. π-5 d. 0 e. -5. Question 33: Choose the correct statement given that

Math 1431 Section 6.1. f x dx, find f. Question 22: If. a. 5 b. π c. π-5 d. 0 e. -5. Question 33: Choose the correct statement given that Mth 43 Section 6 Question : If f d nd f d, find f 4 d π c π- d e - Question 33: Choose the correct sttement given tht 7 f d 8 nd 7 f d3 7 c d f d3 f d f d f d e None of these Mth 43 Section 6 Are Under

More information

Definite Integrals. The area under a curve can be approximated by adding up the areas of rectangles = 1 1 +

Definite Integrals. The area under a curve can be approximated by adding up the areas of rectangles = 1 1 + Definite Integrls --5 The re under curve cn e pproximted y dding up the res of rectngles. Exmple. Approximte the re under y = from x = to x = using equl suintervls nd + x evluting the function t the left-hnd

More information

MA123, Chapter 10: Formulas for integrals: integrals, antiderivatives, and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (pp.

MA123, Chapter 10: Formulas for integrals: integrals, antiderivatives, and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (pp. MA123, Chpter 1: Formuls for integrls: integrls, ntiderivtives, nd the Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus (pp. 27-233, Gootmn) Chpter Gols: Assignments: Understnd the sttement of the Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus.

More information

n f(x i ) x. i=1 In section 4.2, we defined the definite integral of f from x = a to x = b as n f(x i ) x; f(x) dx = lim i=1

n f(x i ) x. i=1 In section 4.2, we defined the definite integral of f from x = a to x = b as n f(x i ) x; f(x) dx = lim i=1 The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus As we continue to study the re problem, let s think bck to wht we know bout computing res of regions enclosed by curves. If we wnt to find the re of the region below the

More information

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. The Total Change Theorem and the Area Under a Curve.

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. The Total Change Theorem and the Area Under a Curve. Clculus Li Vs The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus. The Totl Chnge Theorem nd the Are Under Curve. Recll the following fct from Clculus course. If continuous function f(x) represents the rte of chnge of F

More information

Math 1431 Section M TH 4:00 PM 6:00 PM Susan Wheeler Office Hours: Wed 6:00 7:00 PM Online ***NOTE LABS ARE MON AND WED

Math 1431 Section M TH 4:00 PM 6:00 PM Susan Wheeler Office Hours: Wed 6:00 7:00 PM Online ***NOTE LABS ARE MON AND WED Mth 43 Section 4839 M TH 4: PM 6: PM Susn Wheeler swheeler@mth.uh.edu Office Hours: Wed 6: 7: PM Online ***NOTE LABS ARE MON AND WED t :3 PM to 3: pm ONLINE Approimting the re under curve given the type

More information

Properties of Integrals, Indefinite Integrals. Goals: Definition of the Definite Integral Integral Calculations using Antiderivatives

Properties of Integrals, Indefinite Integrals. Goals: Definition of the Definite Integral Integral Calculations using Antiderivatives Block #6: Properties of Integrls, Indefinite Integrls Gols: Definition of the Definite Integrl Integrl Clcultions using Antiderivtives Properties of Integrls The Indefinite Integrl 1 Riemnn Sums - 1 Riemnn

More information

Integrals - Motivation

Integrals - Motivation Integrls - Motivtion When we looked t function s rte of chnge If f(x) is liner, the nswer is esy slope If f(x) is non-liner, we hd to work hrd limits derivtive A relted question is the re under f(x) (but

More information

MA 124 January 18, Derivatives are. Integrals are.

MA 124 January 18, Derivatives are. Integrals are. MA 124 Jnury 18, 2018 Prof PB s one-minute introduction to clculus Derivtives re. Integrls re. In Clculus 1, we lern limits, derivtives, some pplictions of derivtives, indefinite integrls, definite integrls,

More information

MAT137 Calculus! Lecture 27

MAT137 Calculus! Lecture 27 MAT37 Clculus! Lecture 7 Tody: More out Integrls (Rest of the Videos) Antiderivtives Next: Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus NEW office hours: T & R @ BA 4 officil wesite http://uoft.me/mat37 Betriz Nvrro-Lmed

More information

Unit Six AP Calculus Unit 6 Review Definite Integrals. Name Period Date NON-CALCULATOR SECTION

Unit Six AP Calculus Unit 6 Review Definite Integrals. Name Period Date NON-CALCULATOR SECTION Unit Six AP Clculus Unit 6 Review Definite Integrls Nme Period Dte NON-CALCULATOR SECTION Voculry: Directions Define ech word nd give n exmple. 1. Definite Integrl. Men Vlue Theorem (for definite integrls)

More information

Section 7.1 Area of a Region Between Two Curves

Section 7.1 Area of a Region Between Two Curves Section 7.1 Are of Region Between Two Curves White Bord Chllenge The circle elow is inscried into squre: Clcultor 0 cm Wht is the shded re? 400 100 85.841cm White Bord Chllenge Find the re of the region

More information

INTRODUCTION TO INTEGRATION

INTRODUCTION TO INTEGRATION INTRODUCTION TO INTEGRATION 5.1 Ares nd Distnces Assume f(x) 0 on the intervl [, b]. Let A be the re under the grph of f(x). b We will obtin n pproximtion of A in the following three steps. STEP 1: Divide

More information

A REVIEW OF CALCULUS CONCEPTS FOR JDEP 384H. Thomas Shores Department of Mathematics University of Nebraska Spring 2007

A REVIEW OF CALCULUS CONCEPTS FOR JDEP 384H. Thomas Shores Department of Mathematics University of Nebraska Spring 2007 A REVIEW OF CALCULUS CONCEPTS FOR JDEP 384H Thoms Shores Deprtment of Mthemtics University of Nebrsk Spring 2007 Contents Rtes of Chnge nd Derivtives 1 Dierentils 4 Are nd Integrls 5 Multivrite Clculus

More information

Section 6.1 Definite Integral

Section 6.1 Definite Integral Section 6.1 Definite Integrl Suppose we wnt to find the re of region tht is not so nicely shped. For exmple, consider the function shown elow. The re elow the curve nd ove the x xis cnnot e determined

More information

Chapter 8.2: The Integral

Chapter 8.2: The Integral Chpter 8.: The Integrl You cn think of Clculus s doule-wide triler. In one width of it lives differentil clculus. In the other hlf lives wht is clled integrl clculus. We hve lredy eplored few rooms in

More information

Improper Integrals. Type I Improper Integrals How do we evaluate an integral such as

Improper Integrals. Type I Improper Integrals How do we evaluate an integral such as Improper Integrls Two different types of integrls cn qulify s improper. The first type of improper integrl (which we will refer to s Type I) involves evluting n integrl over n infinite region. In the grph

More information

Improper Integrals, and Differential Equations

Improper Integrals, and Differential Equations Improper Integrls, nd Differentil Equtions October 22, 204 5.3 Improper Integrls Previously, we discussed how integrls correspond to res. More specificlly, we sid tht for function f(x), the region creted

More information

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus MATH 151 Clculus for Mngement J. Robert Buchnn Deprtment of Mthemtics Fll 2018 Objectives Define nd evlute definite integrls using the concept of re. Evlute definite integrls

More information

Polynomials and Division Theory

Polynomials and Division Theory Higher Checklist (Unit ) Higher Checklist (Unit ) Polynomils nd Division Theory Skill Achieved? Know tht polynomil (expression) is of the form: n x + n x n + n x n + + n x + x + 0 where the i R re the

More information

Definite integral. Mathematics FRDIS MENDELU

Definite integral. Mathematics FRDIS MENDELU Definite integrl Mthemtics FRDIS MENDELU Simon Fišnrová Brno 1 Motivtion - re under curve Suppose, for simplicity, tht y = f(x) is nonnegtive nd continuous function defined on [, b]. Wht is the re of the

More information

10. AREAS BETWEEN CURVES

10. AREAS BETWEEN CURVES . AREAS BETWEEN CURVES.. Ares etween curves So res ove the x-xis re positive nd res elow re negtive, right? Wrong! We lied! Well, when you first lern out integrtion it s convenient fiction tht s true in

More information

38 Riemann sums and existence of the definite integral.

38 Riemann sums and existence of the definite integral. 38 Riemnn sums nd existence of the definite integrl. In the clcultion of the re of the region X bounded by the grph of g(x) = x 2, the x-xis nd 0 x b, two sums ppered: ( n (k 1) 2) b 3 n 3 re(x) ( n These

More information

Review of Calculus, cont d

Review of Calculus, cont d Jim Lmbers MAT 460 Fll Semester 2009-10 Lecture 3 Notes These notes correspond to Section 1.1 in the text. Review of Clculus, cont d Riemnn Sums nd the Definite Integrl There re mny cses in which some

More information

Section 6: Area, Volume, and Average Value

Section 6: Area, Volume, and Average Value Chpter The Integrl Applied Clculus Section 6: Are, Volume, nd Averge Vlue Are We hve lredy used integrls to find the re etween the grph of function nd the horizontl xis. Integrls cn lso e used to find

More information

Improper Integrals. The First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, as we ve discussed in class, goes as follows:

Improper Integrals. The First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, as we ve discussed in class, goes as follows: Improper Integrls The First Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus, s we ve discussed in clss, goes s follows: If f is continuous on the intervl [, ] nd F is function for which F t = ft, then ftdt = F F. An integrl

More information

An Overview of Integration

An Overview of Integration An Overview of Integrtion S. F. Ellermeyer July 26, 2 The Definite Integrl of Function f Over n Intervl, Suppose tht f is continuous function defined on n intervl,. The definite integrl of f from to is

More information

Definite integral. Mathematics FRDIS MENDELU. Simona Fišnarová (Mendel University) Definite integral MENDELU 1 / 30

Definite integral. Mathematics FRDIS MENDELU. Simona Fišnarová (Mendel University) Definite integral MENDELU 1 / 30 Definite integrl Mthemtics FRDIS MENDELU Simon Fišnrová (Mendel University) Definite integrl MENDELU / Motivtion - re under curve Suppose, for simplicity, tht y = f(x) is nonnegtive nd continuous function

More information

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus Recll tht if f is nonnegtive nd continuous on [, ], then the re under its grph etween nd is the definite integrl A= f() d Now, for in the intervl [, ], let A() e the re under

More information

AP Calculus AB Unit 5 (Ch. 6): The Definite Integral: Day 12 Chapter 6 Review

AP Calculus AB Unit 5 (Ch. 6): The Definite Integral: Day 12 Chapter 6 Review AP Clculus AB Unit 5 (Ch. 6): The Definite Integrl: Dy Nme o Are Approximtions Riemnn Sums: LRAM, MRAM, RRAM Chpter 6 Review Trpezoidl Rule: T = h ( y + y + y +!+ y + y 0 n n) **Know how to find rectngle

More information

a < a+ x < a+2 x < < a+n x = b, n A i n f(x i ) x. i=1 i=1

a < a+ x < a+2 x < < a+n x = b, n A i n f(x i ) x. i=1 i=1 Mth 33 Volume Stewrt 5.2 Geometry of integrls. In this section, we will lern how to compute volumes using integrls defined by slice nlysis. First, we recll from Clculus I how to compute res. Given the

More information

Suppose we want to find the area under the parabola and above the x axis, between the lines x = 2 and x = -2.

Suppose we want to find the area under the parabola and above the x axis, between the lines x = 2 and x = -2. Mth 43 Section 6. Section 6.: Definite Integrl Suppose we wnt to find the re of region tht is not so nicely shped. For exmple, consider the function shown elow. The re elow the curve nd ove the x xis cnnot

More information

Unit #9 : Definite Integral Properties; Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

Unit #9 : Definite Integral Properties; Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Unit #9 : Definite Integrl Properties; Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus Gols: Identify properties of definite integrls Define odd nd even functions, nd reltionship to integrl vlues Introduce the Fundmentl

More information

The Regulated and Riemann Integrals

The Regulated and Riemann Integrals Chpter 1 The Regulted nd Riemnn Integrls 1.1 Introduction We will consider severl different pproches to defining the definite integrl f(x) dx of function f(x). These definitions will ll ssign the sme vlue

More information

The Riemann Integral

The Riemann Integral Deprtment of Mthemtics King Sud University 2017-2018 Tble of contents 1 Anti-derivtive Function nd Indefinite Integrls 2 3 4 5 Indefinite Integrls & Anti-derivtive Function Definition Let f : I R be function

More information

MATH , Calculus 2, Fall 2018

MATH , Calculus 2, Fall 2018 MATH 36-2, 36-3 Clculus 2, Fll 28 The FUNdmentl Theorem of Clculus Sections 5.4 nd 5.5 This worksheet focuses on the most importnt theorem in clculus. In fct, the Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus (FTC is rgubly

More information

Unit #10 De+inite Integration & The Fundamental Theorem Of Calculus

Unit #10 De+inite Integration & The Fundamental Theorem Of Calculus Unit # De+inite Integrtion & The Fundmentl Theorem Of Clculus. Find the re of the shded region ove nd explin the mening of your nswer. (squres re y units) ) The grph to the right is f(x) = -x + 8x )Use

More information

4.4 Areas, Integrals and Antiderivatives

4.4 Areas, Integrals and Antiderivatives . res, integrls nd ntiderivtives 333. Ares, Integrls nd Antiderivtives This section explores properties of functions defined s res nd exmines some connections mong res, integrls nd ntiderivtives. In order

More information

Interpreting Integrals and the Fundamental Theorem

Interpreting Integrals and the Fundamental Theorem Interpreting Integrls nd the Fundmentl Theorem Tody, we go further in interpreting the mening of the definite integrl. Using Units to Aid Interprettion We lredy know tht if f(t) is the rte of chnge of

More information

7.2 The Definite Integral

7.2 The Definite Integral 7.2 The Definite Integrl the definite integrl In the previous section, it ws found tht if function f is continuous nd nonnegtive, then the re under the grph of f on [, b] is given by F (b) F (), where

More information

5: The Definite Integral

5: The Definite Integral 5: The Definite Integrl 5.: Estimting with Finite Sums Consider moving oject its velocity (meters per second) t ny time (seconds) is given y v t = t+. Cn we use this informtion to determine the distnce

More information

7.1 Integral as Net Change and 7.2 Areas in the Plane Calculus

7.1 Integral as Net Change and 7.2 Areas in the Plane Calculus 7.1 Integrl s Net Chnge nd 7. Ares in the Plne Clculus 7.1 INTEGRAL AS NET CHANGE Notecrds from 7.1: Displcement vs Totl Distnce, Integrl s Net Chnge We hve lredy seen how the position of n oject cn e

More information

List all of the possible rational roots of each equation. Then find all solutions (both real and imaginary) of the equation. 1.

List all of the possible rational roots of each equation. Then find all solutions (both real and imaginary) of the equation. 1. Mth Anlysis CP WS 4.X- Section 4.-4.4 Review Complete ech question without the use of grphing clcultor.. Compre the mening of the words: roots, zeros nd fctors.. Determine whether - is root of 0. Show

More information

Section 5.4 Fundamental Theorem of Calculus 2 Lectures. Dr. Abdulla Eid. College of Science. MATHS 101: Calculus 1

Section 5.4 Fundamental Theorem of Calculus 2 Lectures. Dr. Abdulla Eid. College of Science. MATHS 101: Calculus 1 Section 5.4 Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus 2 Lectures College of Science MATHS : Clculus (University of Bhrin) Integrls / 24 Definite Integrl Recll: The integrl is used to find re under the curve over n

More information

Chapters 4 & 5 Integrals & Applications

Chapters 4 & 5 Integrals & Applications Contents Chpters 4 & 5 Integrls & Applictions Motivtion to Chpters 4 & 5 2 Chpter 4 3 Ares nd Distnces 3. VIDEO - Ares Under Functions............................................ 3.2 VIDEO - Applictions

More information

Chapter 9 Definite Integrals

Chapter 9 Definite Integrals Chpter 9 Definite Integrls In the previous chpter we found how to tke n ntiderivtive nd investigted the indefinite integrl. In this chpter the connection etween ntiderivtives nd definite integrls is estlished

More information

Chapter 6 Continuous Random Variables and Distributions

Chapter 6 Continuous Random Variables and Distributions Chpter 6 Continuous Rndom Vriles nd Distriutions Mny economic nd usiness mesures such s sles investment consumption nd cost cn hve the continuous numericl vlues so tht they cn not e represented y discrete

More information

1 The Riemann Integral

1 The Riemann Integral The Riemnn Integrl. An exmple leding to the notion of integrl (res) We know how to find (i.e. define) the re of rectngle (bse height), tringle ( (sum of res of tringles). But how do we find/define n re

More information

x = b a n x 2 e x dx. cdx = c(b a), where c is any constant. a b

x = b a n x 2 e x dx. cdx = c(b a), where c is any constant. a b CHAPTER 5. INTEGRALS 61 where nd x = b n x i = 1 (x i 1 + x i ) = midpoint of [x i 1, x i ]. Problem 168 (Exercise 1, pge 377). Use the Midpoint Rule with the n = 4 to pproximte 5 1 x e x dx. Some quick

More information

Goals: Determine how to calculate the area described by a function. Define the definite integral. Explore the relationship between the definite

Goals: Determine how to calculate the area described by a function. Define the definite integral. Explore the relationship between the definite Unit #8 : The Integrl Gols: Determine how to clculte the re described by function. Define the definite integrl. Eplore the reltionship between the definite integrl nd re. Eplore wys to estimte the definite

More information

Sections 5.2: The Definite Integral

Sections 5.2: The Definite Integral Sections 5.2: The Definite Integrl In this section we shll formlize the ides from the lst section to functions in generl. We strt with forml definition.. The Definite Integrl Definition.. Suppose f(x)

More information

Review on Integration (Secs ) Review: Sec Origins of Calculus. Riemann Sums. New functions from old ones.

Review on Integration (Secs ) Review: Sec Origins of Calculus. Riemann Sums. New functions from old ones. Mth 20B Integrl Clculus Lecture Review on Integrtion (Secs. 5. - 5.3) Remrks on the course. Slide Review: Sec. 5.-5.3 Origins of Clculus. Riemnn Sums. New functions from old ones. A mthemticl description

More information

Section 7.1 Integration by Substitution

Section 7.1 Integration by Substitution Section 7. Integrtion by Substitution Evlute ech of the following integrls. Keep in mind tht using substitution my not work on some problems. For one of the definite integrls, it is not possible to find

More information

Chapter 6 Notes, Larson/Hostetler 3e

Chapter 6 Notes, Larson/Hostetler 3e Contents 6. Antiderivtives nd the Rules of Integrtion.......................... 6. Are nd the Definite Integrl.................................. 6.. Are............................................ 6. Reimnn

More information

Overview of Calculus I

Overview of Calculus I Overview of Clculus I Prof. Jim Swift Northern Arizon University There re three key concepts in clculus: The limit, the derivtive, nd the integrl. You need to understnd the definitions of these three things,

More information

MAT137 Calculus! Lecture 28

MAT137 Calculus! Lecture 28 officil wesite http://uoft.me/mat137 MAT137 Clculus! Lecture 28 Tody: Antiderivtives Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus Net: More FTC (review v. 8.5-8.7) 5.7 Sustitution (v. 9.1-9.4) Properties of the Definite

More information

Continuous Random Variables Class 5, Jeremy Orloff and Jonathan Bloom

Continuous Random Variables Class 5, Jeremy Orloff and Jonathan Bloom Lerning Gols Continuous Rndom Vriles Clss 5, 8.05 Jeremy Orloff nd Jonthn Bloom. Know the definition of continuous rndom vrile. 2. Know the definition of the proility density function (pdf) nd cumultive

More information

Section Areas and Distances. Example 1: Suppose a car travels at a constant 50 miles per hour for 2 hours. What is the total distance traveled?

Section Areas and Distances. Example 1: Suppose a car travels at a constant 50 miles per hour for 2 hours. What is the total distance traveled? Section 5. - Ares nd Distnces Exmple : Suppose cr trvels t constnt 5 miles per hour for 2 hours. Wht is the totl distnce trveled? Exmple 2: Suppose cr trvels 75 miles per hour for the first hour, 7 miles

More information

Linear Inequalities. Work Sheet 1

Linear Inequalities. Work Sheet 1 Work Sheet 1 Liner Inequlities Rent--Hep, cr rentl compny,chrges $ 15 per week plus $ 0.0 per mile to rent one of their crs. Suppose you re limited y how much money you cn spend for the week : You cn spend

More information

63. Representation of functions as power series Consider a power series. ( 1) n x 2n for all 1 < x < 1

63. Representation of functions as power series Consider a power series. ( 1) n x 2n for all 1 < x < 1 3 9. SEQUENCES AND SERIES 63. Representtion of functions s power series Consider power series x 2 + x 4 x 6 + x 8 + = ( ) n x 2n It is geometric series with q = x 2 nd therefore it converges for ll q =

More information

ACCESS TO SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND AGRICULTURE: MATHEMATICS 1 MATH00030 SEMESTER /2019

ACCESS TO SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND AGRICULTURE: MATHEMATICS 1 MATH00030 SEMESTER /2019 ACCESS TO SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND AGRICULTURE: MATHEMATICS MATH00030 SEMESTER 208/209 DR. ANTHONY BROWN 7.. Introduction to Integrtion. 7. Integrl Clculus As ws the cse with the chpter on differentil

More information

Evaluating Definite Integrals. There are a few properties that you should remember in order to assist you in evaluating definite integrals.

Evaluating Definite Integrals. There are a few properties that you should remember in order to assist you in evaluating definite integrals. Evluting Definite Integrls There re few properties tht you should rememer in order to ssist you in evluting definite integrls. f x dx= ; where k is ny rel constnt k f x dx= k f x dx ± = ± f x g x dx f

More information

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Particle Motion, and Average Value

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Particle Motion, and Average Value The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus, Prticle Motion, nd Averge Vlue b Three Things to Alwys Keep In Mind: (1) v( dt p( b) p( ), where v( represents the velocity nd p( represents the position. b (2) v ( dt

More information

1 The fundamental theorems of calculus.

1 The fundamental theorems of calculus. The fundmentl theorems of clculus. The fundmentl theorems of clculus. Evluting definite integrls. The indefinite integrl- new nme for nti-derivtive. Differentiting integrls. Theorem Suppose f is continuous

More information

Review of basic calculus

Review of basic calculus Review of bsic clculus This brief review reclls some of the most importnt concepts, definitions, nd theorems from bsic clculus. It is not intended to tech bsic clculus from scrtch. If ny of the items below

More information

MATH 144: Business Calculus Final Review

MATH 144: Business Calculus Final Review MATH 144: Business Clculus Finl Review 1 Skills 1. Clculte severl limits. 2. Find verticl nd horizontl symptotes for given rtionl function. 3. Clculte derivtive by definition. 4. Clculte severl derivtives

More information

FINALTERM EXAMINATION 9 (Session - ) Clculus & Anlyticl Geometry-I Question No: ( Mrs: ) - Plese choose one f ( x) x According to Power-Rule of differentition, if d [ x n ] n x n n x n n x + ( n ) x n+

More information

f(x) dx, If one of these two conditions is not met, we call the integral improper. Our usual definition for the value for the definite integral

f(x) dx, If one of these two conditions is not met, we call the integral improper. Our usual definition for the value for the definite integral Improper Integrls Every time tht we hve evluted definite integrl such s f(x) dx, we hve mde two implicit ssumptions bout the integrl:. The intervl [, b] is finite, nd. f(x) is continuous on [, b]. If one

More information

Calculus AB. For a function f(x), the derivative would be f '(

Calculus AB. For a function f(x), the derivative would be f '( lculus AB Derivtive Formuls Derivtive Nottion: For function f(), the derivtive would e f '( ) Leiniz's Nottion: For the derivtive of y in terms of, we write d For the second derivtive using Leiniz's Nottion:

More information

Week 10: Riemann integral and its properties

Week 10: Riemann integral and its properties Clculus nd Liner Algebr for Biomedicl Engineering Week 10: Riemnn integrl nd its properties H. Führ, Lehrstuhl A für Mthemtik, RWTH Achen, WS 07 Motivtion: Computing flow from flow rtes 1 We observe the

More information

Time in Seconds Speed in ft/sec (a) Sketch a possible graph for this function.

Time in Seconds Speed in ft/sec (a) Sketch a possible graph for this function. 4. Are under Curve A cr is trveling so tht its speed is never decresing during 1-second intervl. The speed t vrious moments in time is listed in the tle elow. Time in Seconds 3 6 9 1 Speed in t/sec 3 37

More information

Math 8 Winter 2015 Applications of Integration

Math 8 Winter 2015 Applications of Integration Mth 8 Winter 205 Applictions of Integrtion Here re few importnt pplictions of integrtion. The pplictions you my see on n exm in this course include only the Net Chnge Theorem (which is relly just the Fundmentl

More information

Quadratic Forms. Quadratic Forms

Quadratic Forms. Quadratic Forms Qudrtic Forms Recll the Simon & Blume excerpt from n erlier lecture which sid tht the min tsk of clculus is to pproximte nonliner functions with liner functions. It s ctully more ccurte to sy tht we pproximte

More information

Riemann Sums and Riemann Integrals

Riemann Sums and Riemann Integrals Riemnn Sums nd Riemnn Integrls Jmes K. Peterson Deprtment of Biologicl Sciences nd Deprtment of Mthemticl Sciences Clemson University August 26, 2013 Outline 1 Riemnn Sums 2 Riemnn Integrls 3 Properties

More information

How can we approximate the area of a region in the plane? What is an interpretation of the area under the graph of a velocity function?

How can we approximate the area of a region in the plane? What is an interpretation of the area under the graph of a velocity function? Mth 125 Summry Here re some thoughts I ws hving while considering wht to put on the first midterm. The core of your studying should be the ssigned homework problems: mke sure you relly understnd those

More information

Math 116 Calculus II

Math 116 Calculus II Mth 6 Clculus II Contents 5 Exponentil nd Logrithmic functions 5. Review........................................... 5.. Exponentil functions............................... 5.. Logrithmic functions...............................

More information

7.1 Integral as Net Change Calculus. What is the total distance traveled? What is the total displacement?

7.1 Integral as Net Change Calculus. What is the total distance traveled? What is the total displacement? 7.1 Integrl s Net Chnge Clculus 7.1 INTEGRAL AS NET CHANGE Distnce versus Displcement We hve lredy seen how the position of n oject cn e found y finding the integrl of the velocity function. The chnge

More information

7.2 Riemann Integrable Functions

7.2 Riemann Integrable Functions 7.2 Riemnn Integrble Functions Theorem 1. If f : [, b] R is step function, then f R[, b]. Theorem 2. If f : [, b] R is continuous on [, b], then f R[, b]. Theorem 3. If f : [, b] R is bounded nd continuous

More information

Topics Covered AP Calculus AB

Topics Covered AP Calculus AB Topics Covered AP Clculus AB ) Elementry Functions ) Properties of Functions i) A function f is defined s set of ll ordered pirs (, y), such tht for ech element, there corresponds ectly one element y.

More information

LECTURE. INTEGRATION AND ANTIDERIVATIVE.

LECTURE. INTEGRATION AND ANTIDERIVATIVE. ANALYSIS FOR HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS LECTURE. INTEGRATION AND ANTIDERIVATIVE. ROTHSCHILD CAESARIA COURSE, 2015/6 1. Integrtion Historiclly, it ws the problem of computing res nd volumes, tht triggered development

More information

Math 131. Numerical Integration Larson Section 4.6

Math 131. Numerical Integration Larson Section 4.6 Mth. Numericl Integrtion Lrson Section. This section looks t couple of methods for pproimting definite integrls numericlly. The gol is to get good pproimtion of the definite integrl in problems where n

More information

Riemann Sums and Riemann Integrals

Riemann Sums and Riemann Integrals Riemnn Sums nd Riemnn Integrls Jmes K. Peterson Deprtment of Biologicl Sciences nd Deprtment of Mthemticl Sciences Clemson University August 26, 203 Outline Riemnn Sums Riemnn Integrls Properties Abstrct

More information

Main topics for the First Midterm

Main topics for the First Midterm Min topics for the First Midterm The Midterm will cover Section 1.8, Chpters 2-3, Sections 4.1-4.8, nd Sections 5.1-5.3 (essentilly ll of the mteril covered in clss). Be sure to know the results of the

More information

Bob Brown Math 251 Calculus 1 Chapter 5, Section 4 1 CCBC Dundalk

Bob Brown Math 251 Calculus 1 Chapter 5, Section 4 1 CCBC Dundalk Bo Brown Mth Clculus Chpter, Section CCBC Dundlk The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus Informlly, the Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus (FTC) sttes tht differentition nd definite integrtion re inverse opertions

More information

11 An introduction to Riemann Integration

11 An introduction to Riemann Integration 11 An introduction to Riemnn Integrtion The PROOFS of the stndrd lemms nd theorems concerning the Riemnn Integrl re NEB, nd you will not be sked to reproduce proofs of these in full in the exmintion in

More information

The Evaluation Theorem

The Evaluation Theorem These notes closely follow the presenttion of the mteril given in Jmes Stewrt s textook Clculus, Concepts nd Contexts (2nd edition) These notes re intended primrily for in-clss presenttion nd should not

More information

Math& 152 Section Integration by Parts

Math& 152 Section Integration by Parts Mth& 5 Section 7. - Integrtion by Prts Integrtion by prts is rule tht trnsforms the integrl of the product of two functions into other (idelly simpler) integrls. Recll from Clculus I tht given two differentible

More information

5.4, 6.1, 6.2 Handout. As we ve discussed, the integral is in some way the opposite of taking a derivative. The exact relationship

5.4, 6.1, 6.2 Handout. As we ve discussed, the integral is in some way the opposite of taking a derivative. The exact relationship 5.4, 6.1, 6.2 Hnout As we ve iscusse, the integrl is in some wy the opposite of tking erivtive. The exct reltionship is given by the Funmentl Theorem of Clculus: The Funmentl Theorem of Clculus: If f is

More information

SYDE 112, LECTURES 3 & 4: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

SYDE 112, LECTURES 3 & 4: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus SYDE 112, LECTURES & 4: The Fundmentl Theorem of Clculus So fr we hve introduced two new concepts in this course: ntidifferentition nd Riemnn sums. It turns out tht these quntities re relted, but it is

More information

Section 4.8. D v(t j 1 ) t. (4.8.1) j=1

Section 4.8. D v(t j 1 ) t. (4.8.1) j=1 Difference Equtions to Differentil Equtions Section.8 Distnce, Position, nd the Length of Curves Although we motivted the definition of the definite integrl with the notion of re, there re mny pplictions

More information

AB Calculus Review Sheet

AB Calculus Review Sheet AB Clculus Review Sheet Legend: A Preclculus, B Limits, C Differentil Clculus, D Applictions of Differentil Clculus, E Integrl Clculus, F Applictions of Integrl Clculus, G Prticle Motion nd Rtes This is

More information

Riemann is the Mann! (But Lebesgue may besgue to differ.)

Riemann is the Mann! (But Lebesgue may besgue to differ.) Riemnn is the Mnn! (But Lebesgue my besgue to differ.) Leo Livshits My 2, 2008 1 For finite intervls in R We hve seen in clss tht every continuous function f : [, b] R hs the property tht for every ɛ >

More information

MORE FUNCTION GRAPHING; OPTIMIZATION. (Last edited October 28, 2013 at 11:09pm.)

MORE FUNCTION GRAPHING; OPTIMIZATION. (Last edited October 28, 2013 at 11:09pm.) MORE FUNCTION GRAPHING; OPTIMIZATION FRI, OCT 25, 203 (Lst edited October 28, 203 t :09pm.) Exercise. Let n be n rbitrry positive integer. Give n exmple of function with exctly n verticl symptotes. Give

More information

Math 190 Chapter 5 Lecture Notes. Professor Miguel Ornelas

Math 190 Chapter 5 Lecture Notes. Professor Miguel Ornelas Mth 19 Chpter 5 Lecture Notes Professor Miguel Ornels 1 M. Ornels Mth 19 Lecture Notes Section 5.1 Section 5.1 Ares nd Distnce Definition The re A of the region S tht lies under the grph of the continuous

More information

Math 61CM - Solutions to homework 9

Math 61CM - Solutions to homework 9 Mth 61CM - Solutions to homework 9 Cédric De Groote November 30 th, 2018 Problem 1: Recll tht the left limit of function f t point c is defined s follows: lim f(x) = l x c if for ny > 0 there exists δ

More information

Lecture 1. Functional series. Pointwise and uniform convergence.

Lecture 1. Functional series. Pointwise and uniform convergence. 1 Introduction. Lecture 1. Functionl series. Pointwise nd uniform convergence. In this course we study mongst other things Fourier series. The Fourier series for periodic function f(x) with period 2π is

More information

1 The fundamental theorems of calculus.

1 The fundamental theorems of calculus. The fundmentl theorems of clculus. The fundmentl theorems of clculus. Evluting definite integrls. The indefinite integrl- new nme for nti-derivtive. Differentiting integrls. Tody we provide the connection

More information

( ) as a fraction. Determine location of the highest

( ) as a fraction. Determine location of the highest AB Clculus Exm Review Sheet - Solutions A. Preclculus Type prolems A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 This is wht you think of doing Find the zeros of f ( x). Set function equl to 0. Fctor or use qudrtic eqution if

More information

Chapter 5. Numerical Integration

Chapter 5. Numerical Integration Chpter 5. Numericl Integrtion These re just summries of the lecture notes, nd few detils re included. Most of wht we include here is to be found in more detil in Anton. 5. Remrk. There re two topics with

More information

( ) where f ( x ) is a. AB Calculus Exam Review Sheet. A. Precalculus Type problems. Find the zeros of f ( x).

( ) where f ( x ) is a. AB Calculus Exam Review Sheet. A. Precalculus Type problems. Find the zeros of f ( x). AB Clculus Exm Review Sheet A. Preclculus Type prolems A1 Find the zeros of f ( x). This is wht you think of doing A2 A3 Find the intersection of f ( x) nd g( x). Show tht f ( x) is even. A4 Show tht f

More information