Plasma Response Control Using Advanced Feedback Techniques
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1 Plasma Response Control Using Advanced Feedback Techniques by M. Clement 1 with J. M. Hanson 1, J. Bialek 1 and G. A. Navratil 1 1 Columbia University Presented at 59 th Annual APS Meeting Division of Plasma Physics Milwaukee, WI October 23 27, 2017 This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility, under awards DE-FG02-04ER and DE-FC02-04ER / 1 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
2 Summary ITER steady-state scenarios will require resistive wall mode (RWM) feedback Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control techniques are applicable to ITER s internal and external coils LQG offers noise and disturbance rejection Use of both B p and B r sensors DIII-D experiments and simulations show promising results with external coils and LQG control ITER internal coils / 2 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
3 LQG Control Uses a System Model to Enable Noise Rejection PID control directly uses measurements to calculate feedback / 3 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
4 LQG Control Uses a System Model to Enable Noise Rejection PID control directly uses measurements to calculate feedback LQG control requires a physics model VALEN models the RWM and its interaction with the vacuum vessel and coils Physics model and knowledge of noise distribution allows filtering of Gaussian noise from measurements More commonly known as Kalman filtering / 4 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
5 Internal Coils Drive Perturbation, External Coils Provide Feedback Suppression DIII-D is equipped with both internal (I-coils) and external (C-coils) control coils / 5 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
6 Internal Coils Drive Perturbation I-coils are powered in n=1, 240 quartets Pitch angle between upper and lower coils maximizes coupling to kink structure INTERNAL / 6 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
7 External Coils Provide Feedback Suppression C-coils are powered in n=1, 180 pairs Feedback algorithm may be either PID or LQG using voltage control power supplies EXTERNAL / 7 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
8 / 8 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
9 / 9 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
10 I-coils Excite a Stable MHD Mode to Finite Amplitude In open loop, this technique is called MHD spectroscopy Plasma response will be greatest when rotation is in same direction as I p / 10 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
11 I-coil Frequency is Varied for Each Perturbation, Drives a Corresponding Plasma Response H-mode target discharge has many ELMs LQG controller can filter these out Negative frequency indicates perturbation rotates counter to I p / 11 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
12 I-coil Frequency is Varied for Each Perturbation, Drives a Corresponding Plasma Response H-mode target discharge has many ELMs LQG controller can filter these out Negative frequency indicates perturbation rotates counter to I p / 12 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
13 Normalized Plasma Response (G/kA) Determines Effectiveness of Feedback Algorithms Identifies the plasma response at the perturbation frequency Normalized plasma response = 1.53 G/.58 ka = 2.61 G/kA / 13 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
14 Open Loop Response Agrees With Experiment Simulations Using VALEN Data points filtered on time averaged <ß N /li> Ensures similar discharges are compared Open loop perturbations / 14 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
15 Open Loop Response Agrees With Experiment Simulations Using VALEN Data points filtered on time averaged <ß N /li> Ensures similar discharges are compared Open loop perturbations Open loop simulation / 15 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
16 Closed Loop Response Agrees With Experiment Simulations Using VALEN Data points filtered on time averaged <ß N /li> Ensures similar discharges are compared Open loop perturbations Open loop simulation Closed loop perturbations / 16 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
17 Closed Loop Response Agrees With Experiment Simulations Using VALEN Data points filtered on time averaged <ß N /li> Ensures similar discharges are compared Open loop perturbations Open loop simulation Closed loop perturbations Closed loop simulation / 17 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
18 I-coil or C-coil Feedback Has Helped AT Discharges Access Higher ß N After Failing Without Feedback Equilibrium reconstructed parameters of AT discharge C-coil feedback as effective as internal coils M. Clement et al. Control Engineering Practice 68 (2017) / 18 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
19 C-coil Feedback Nearly Reproduces Performance of a DIII-D Steady State AT Discharge Comparable ß N and energy confinement time achieved during flattop / 19 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
20 Conclusions C-coil LQG feedback is as effective as I-coil feedback using proportional gain only LQG can optimize effectiveness of ITER s internal coils These techniques are promising for external coils on DEMO Disclaimer: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof / 20 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
21 Supplemental Slides / 21 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
22 VALEN Models the RWM and its Interaction with Surrounding Conductors Finite element code of coupled circuit equations RWM is represented as a current on the plasma surface Provides linear model for LQG controller / 22 M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, M. Clement/APS-DPP/October 25, 2017
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